Joseph Grew
Joseph Clark Grew (born May 27, 1880 in Boston , Massachusetts , † May 25, 1965 in Manchester-by-the-Sea , Massachusetts) was an American diplomat .
Life
Joseph Clark Grew was the son of Annie Crawford Clark and Edward Sturgis Grew, a wool merchant. His uncle was Russell Sturgis , a partner in the opium dealer Russell & Company . In 1905 he married Alice Perry; they had four daughters. He was a member of the Episcopal Church of the United States of America . From 1892 to 1898 he went to the Groton School , which also attended two classes under him, his friend Franklin D. Roosevelt . In 1902 he graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor's degree and traveled to British India , where he cured malaria at the US consul. From July 19, 1904, he was Vice Consul in Cairo , where he was promoted to Deputy Consul on November 3, 1904 . On March 1, 1905, he became the third-class legation secretary in Mexico City . On May 7, 1907, he became third class legation secretary in Saint Petersburg . On June 10, 1908, he became second class legation secretary in Berlin . On January 27, 1911, he became secretary of the embassy in Vienna . On September 12, 1912, he was appointed Secretary of the Legation in Berlin, where he was promoted to Secretary of the First Class on February 5, 1915 and to the Legation Council on July 17, 1916.
From February 14, 1917 to April 6, 1917, the day the United States entered the First World War , he was Chargé d'affaires in Vienna , Austria-Hungary . On May 23, 1917, he was called upon to serve in the Department of State. On March 14, 1918, he was appointed managing director of the Western Europe department. On October 15, 1918, he was appointed Secretary of the US delegation to the Versailles armistice negotiations . On November 30, 1918 he was appointed envoy extraordinary and ministre plénipotentiaire of the US delegation to the Peace Treaty of Versailles . On November 28, 1919 he was appointed Legation Councilor in Paris .
On April 7, 1920 he was appointed envoy Extraordinary and Ministre plénipotentiaire in Copenhagen . On September 24, 1921 he was appointed envoy extraordinary and ministre plénipotentiaire in Bern . From June 3, 1920 to March 4, 1921 he was accredited in Bern. Based in Bern, he was accredited in Copenhagen from June 9, 1920 to October 14, 1921. From November 20, 1922 to February 4, 1923 and from April to July 1923, he was an unofficial observer of the US government in the negotiations on the Treaty of Lausanne .
On April 29, 1923 he was authorized to negotiate and conclude a contract with the İsmet İnönü government on general relations and an extradition agreement. On February 4, 1924, he was appointed unofficial representative of the US government at the ninth session of the preparatory mixed commission for the Geneva Disarmament Conference and in Paris.
He was United States Under Secretary of State from April 16, 1924 to June 30, 1927 .
From 1927 to 1932 he was ambassador to Ankara . From June 14, 1932 he was envoy extraordinary and Ministre plénipotentiaire in Tokyo . In 1932 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . On January 27, 1941, he sent a telex claiming that he had heard from Ricardo Rivera Schreiber about a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor . His report was forwarded to Harold R. Stark and Husband E. Kimmel and kept secret. After a declaration of war by the Franklin D. Roosevelt cabinet to the Tōjō Hideki cabinet , he was interned on December 8, 1941 by the government of Tōjō Hideki. In July 1942 he was brought from Tokyo to Lourenço Marques with 1,450 other US Americans and citizens of other enemy states with the Asama Maru accompanied by the Conte Verde . Nomura Kichisaburō was brought with 1096 Japanese citizens on the MS Gripsholm from the New York port to Lourenço Marques, where the two groups were exchanged on July 22nd, the MS Gripsholm then drove via Rio de Janeiro to New Jersey .
In 1942 he was assistant to Cordell Hull . In 1944 he headed the Far East department . From December 20, 1944 to August 15, 1945 he was one more time United States Under Secretary of State . From the end of January 1945 to the beginning of August 1945 he was predominantly the acting foreign minister. With Henry L. Stimson and James V. Forrestal , he wrote a draft for the Potsdam Agreement , in which Japan was expressly offered to maintain the institution of the Tennō as a representative monarchy in the event of unconditional surrender. Harry S. Truman did not follow this suggestion. Also as executive foreign minister, he signed an order on July 11, 1945, which resulted in the return of 153 members of the Russian Liberation Army to the Soviet Union on August 31, 1945 . He was retired and acted as chairman of the National Committee for a Free Europe of the carriers of Radio Free Europe .
golf
His golf partner during the internment was Kishi Nobusuke . In the cabinet of Tōjō Hideki Nobusuke was Minister for Trade and Industry, in 1941 co-signer of a declaration of war on the cabinet Franklin D. Roosevelt , and headed the Ministry of Munitions during the Second World War. The Eisenhower cabinet obtained a compliant Japanese foreign policy through useful expenditures in the Lockheed scandal over the party funding of the Liberal Democratic Party (Japan) , which enforced nuclear weapons on Okinawa and a staging area for the Boeing B-52 fleet for the Vietnam War against the reservations of the population.
Publications
- Sport and travel in the Far East, 1910
- Ten years in Japan, 1944 (Ten years in Japan, 1947, translation and foreword: Hans-Georg Müller-Payer)
- Turbulent era: A Diplomatic Record of Forty Years, 1952
- Lausanne Diary
- New Turkey
literature
- S. Noma (Ed.): Grew, Joseph Clark . In: Japan. An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Kodansha, 1993, ISBN 4-06-205938-X , p. 475.
Web links
- Joseph Clark Grew, 1880-1965 , photograph in the Library of Congress
- Newspaper article about Joseph Grew in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Harvard University , oasis.lib ( Memento of the original from April 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ The Department Of State, Register of the Departament of State
- ^ Jeff Phister, Thomas Hone, Paul Goodyear, Battleship Oklahoma BB-37
- ^ Arch B. Taylor, Pearl Harbor , Hiroshima & Beyond: Subversion of Values, p. 34
- ^ Eds. Walter Johnson, Joseph Grew, Turbulent Era, Volume. II
- ↑ John Hersey in Life , July 15, 1940, Joe Grew , Ambassador to Japan, Americas to career diplomat knows how to appease the japanese or be stern with them; Karen L. Gatz, Edward C. Keefer, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968: Japan, p. 258
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Frederic Courtland Penfield |
Chargé d'affaires of the United States in Vienna February 14, 1917 to April 6, 1917 |
Arthur Hugh Frazier |
| Hampson Gary |
Ambassador of the United States in Bern June 3, 1920 to March 4, 1921 |
Hugh S. Gibson |
| Norman Hapgood |
Accredited United States Ambassador in Copenhagen June 9, 1920 to October 14, 1921 |
John Dyneley Prince |
| William Phillips |
United States Under Secretary of State April 16, 1924 to June 30, 1927 |
Robert E. Olds |
| Abram Isaac Elkus |
United States Ambassador to Ankara from 1927 to 1932 |
Charles H. Sherrill |
| William Cameron Forbes |
United States Ambassador to Tokyo June 14, 1932 to December 8, 1941 |
William J. Sebald |
| Edward Stettinius Jr. |
United States Under Secretary of State December 20, 1944 to August 15, 1945 |
Dean Acheson |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Grew, Joseph |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Grew, Joseph Clark (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | American diplomat |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 27, 1880 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Boston , Massachusetts |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 25, 1965 |
| Place of death | Manchester-by-the-Sea , Massachusetts |