Friedrich Friesen

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Friedrich Friesen

Karl Friedrich Friesen (born September 25, 1784 in Magdeburg , † March 16, 1814 at La Lobbe , Ardennes department , France ) was a co-founder of German gymnastics , a teacher and republican-national freedom fighter .

Life

Friesen was the son of an accountant. He first attended the old town school in Magdeburg. His teacher was Georg Samuel Albert Mellin , who introduced Friesen to Immanuel Kant's ethics at an early age . In 1801 and 1802 Friesen studied at the Bauakademie in Berlin a . a. Land surveying, but then became more interested in education and philosophy . From 1806 to 1811 he was consulted by Alexander von Humboldt to work out the Mexican atlas and, inspired by Johann Gottlieb Fichte's speeches to the German nation, worked together with Friedrich Ludwig Jahn and Wilhelm Harnisch on Johann Ernst Plamann's Plamann Educational Institute, which was set up according to Pestalozzi's principles .

He played an active part in the years that Jahn founded German gymnastics . In 1808 he founded a fencing company in which, in addition to fencing, political discussions took place against the background of the fatherland occupied by Napoleon in 1806 . Friesen temporarily headed the gymnastics club in Berlin , developed many new gymnastics exercises and founded one of the first German swimming facilities at the Berlin Unterbaumbrücke.

In 1808 he worked as a scout for Ferdinand von Schill and his military group and spied in Magdeburg.

Together with Wilhelm Harnisch , Friedrich Ludwig Jahn and others, he founded the German Confederation in 1810 . This secret society pursued the goal of an armed uprising and a moral renewal of the people.

Together with Jahn, Friesen wrote the memorandum “ Order and Establishment of the German Fraternities” and played a significant role in the fraternity movement .

Friesen (standing, right), Körner and Heinrich Hartmann on outpost (painting by Georg Friedrich Kersting 1815)

In 1812 he actively prepared the revolt against Napoleon. In 1813 he was, together with Adolf Freiherr von Lützow, one of the main recruits and designers of his Freischar , to which he then belonged as an officer and adjutant of Lützow. He escaped the attack at Kitzen together with Theodor Körner , who then died in his arms near Gadebusch.

In 1814 he fell in the Wars of Liberation. After Napoleon of Reims attacked the Russian-Prussian corps in the Ardennes, he was captured and slain by Lorraine auxiliary troops near the village of Lalobbe on March 16 .

There was a long search for Frisians. In 1816 his friend August von Vietinghoff found the remains. An appropriate burial was initially not possible due to the political situation, as a result of the Wartburg Festival (1817) and the persecution of demagogues (1819).

Grave site in the Invalidenfriedhof, Berlin

Since 1843 his bones rest in the Invalidenfriedhof in Berlin near those of Scharnhorst .

Honors

Frieze monument in Magdeburg from 1893, bust created by Ernst Habs

His hometown Magdeburg honored him by naming a street ( Friesenstraße ). In addition, there is a monument in the Fürstenwallpark on Hegelstrasse in Magdeburg, Eichenau near Munich has a Friesenstrasse and a community center "Friesenhalle" (former sports hall from 1937). In Wittstock / Dosse there is a Friesen-Jahn-Körner memorial and in Oberhausen there is a sports facility called “Friesenhügel”. In Halle (Saale), Friesenstrasse and the elementary school located in it are named after him, which is why this district is also called "Friesenviertel". In Vienna - Favoriten , Friesenplatz was named after Friedrich Friesen in 1897.

In Berlin , Friesenstrasse in the Kreuzberg district has been named after him since 1884, and the main avenue of the Olympic Park since 1936; also a building of the German Sports Forum and the courtyard ("Friesenhof"). On the occasion of the III. World Festival of Youth and Students 1951 in the Volkspark Friedrichshain in Berlin a large open-air swimming stadium was built, which was named Karl-Friedrich-Friesen-Stadion . The stadium consisted of a 50-meter competition pool and a diving pool with a 10-meter high diving tower and had amphitheatric stands for up to 8,000 spectators. The stadium was used for children, youth and competitive sports. In the late 1970s, the stadium was made less dependent on the weather thanks to a sliding roof construction. During the major redesigns after 1990, the stadium was demolished, which meant that the athlete's honor was over.

Nowadays the Frisian fight, a sporting all-round competition, is named after him.

His grave is dedicated to the city of Berlin as an honorary grave .

The AfD Saxony-Anhalt has named the political state foundation ( Friedrich-Friesen-Stiftung ) it supports after Friesen.

Frisians in literature

It found literary expression among others in Ernst Moritz Arndt (" It thrones on the Elbestrande "), Max von Schenkendorf , Karl Immermann (in the " Epigonen ") and in Jahn's introduction to "Deutsche Turnkunst". Schiele (Berlin 1875) and Euler (1885) wrote biographies.

literature

Movies

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Friesen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Friesen Foundation -. Accessed December 27, 2018 (German).
personal data
SURNAME Friesen, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Friesen, Karl Friedrich; Friesen, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator and freedom fighter, co-founder of German gymnastics
DATE OF BIRTH September 25, 1784
PLACE OF BIRTH Magdeburg
DATE OF DEATH March 16, 1814
Place of death Lalobbe, ( Ardennes department , France )