Keudell (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those von Keudell

Keudell , also Keudel , is the name of an old Hessian noble family . The family has been part of the Althessian knighthood since the foundation year 1532 .

Another family of the same name received confirmation of the Prussian nobility at the end of the 18th century . It derives its descent from the Hessian nobility family and also has the same coat of arms .

history

origin

The family was first mentioned in documents in 1227 with Albertus Kedel , miles ( lat. ' Knight ', 'soldier') and in 1271 with Reinhold Koidel on Kubstedt. The lineage of the family begins around 1350 with Rudolf Keudell zu Schwebda .

Spread and personalities

The progenitor Rudolf married a daughter from the noble family von Hanstein . Of two sons from this marriage, Heinrich became the progenitor of the older line to Falken (today part of Treffurt ) not far from Mühlhausen and the younger Reinhard the progenitor of the line to Schwebda in Northern Hesse and Keudelstein (also Keudellstein) in Eichsfeld . In 1350 he built a manor in Kubsdorf in place of the abandoned castle on the Keudelskuppe , which was already desolate in 1550. He was also a castle man at Stein Castle . Falken was owned by the family as early as 1400 and after the line was extinguished it became part of the younger line in the male line. In 1433 Hans von Keudell received Keudelstein from Archbishop Konrad III on the intercession of the Hessian Landgrave Ludwig I. to Mainz as a fief . Asmus von Keudell was enfeoffed in 1490 by Landgrave Wilhelm I of Hesse with Schwebda and a court in Treffurt.

Robert von Keudell (1824–1903)
Walter von Keudell (1884–1973)

Hans von Keudell auf Schwebda was, as a close relative of Eva von Trotten, one of the signatories of the lawsuit brought to Emperor Karl V against Duke Heinrich II of Braunschweig in 1541 . At the same time Reinhard von Keudell was Vogt zu Wolfenbüttel in the Duchy of Braunschweig; he vouched for his sovereign with 209 guilders . Members of the line to Schwebda were members of the imperial knighthood in the knight canton Rhön-Werra of the Franconian knight circle .

From 1583 to 1669, the Keudelstein estate was built in stages on the remains of the Kubsdorf desert by Bernd Keudel and his descendants as a preliminary work. It developed into the ancestral home of the noble von Keudell family. The start of construction is shown on a historical map from 1583 about the definition of the border between the Electoral Mainz Eichsfeld and the Landgraviate of Hesse.

From the Keudelstein line, Walrab von Keudell became the oldest head of the noble monasteries in Hesse in 1736. With the death of Heinrich Walrab von Keudell, Landgrave-Hesse-Kassel Major General out of service , this line expired in 1792. Among other things, he had fought in the North American War of Independence in the 1780s . After that, because of an alleged old fiefdom, regardless of all opposing views of the family, the line to Schwebda von Kurmainz was not enfeoffed with Keudelstein. Instead, the old family estate came into the possession of the Electoral Mainz Field Marshal Lieutenant von Pfrimbdt. Even later, when the Electoral Mainz possessions in Eichsfeld fell to the Kingdom of Prussia , the family did not regain possession of their ancestral property, but it was awarded to the Major General of L'Estocq.

After Kneschke and Zedlitz-Neukirch , Johann Caspar von Keudell (* 1678), originally from the Schwebda line, initially ducal-Brunswick forest inspector , settled in East Prussia in 1728 . His daughter married the Prussian councilor August Lüdtkens in Rodersleben near Halberstadt . In 1728 he was sent to Lithuania by King Friedrich Wilhelm I to take over the general lease of the Grumkowkniten Krondomänengut . Of his sons, Heinrich Ernst von Keudell fell as a Prussian major in 1758 in the battle of Zorndorf . The second son, Heinrich Christian von Keudell, married a sister of the later Prussian President von Domhardt, who in turn took Heinrich Christian's sister as his wife. He received the general lease of the Georgenburg domain near Insterburg from his brother-in-law . Since noble people were not allowed to be domain tenants at that time, Heinrich Christian von Keudell renounced his title of nobility. His two sons Johann Heinrich Leopold and Theodor Heinrich Friedrich, the general tenants of the Grumkowkniten and Georgenburg estates, asked King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia for permission to accept their old nobility again, which was permitted in 1789.

Her sons were all in Prussian military service and served in East Prussian hussar and dragoon regiments . Theodor von Keudell did a great job as a horse breeder and in 1788 received the gold medal from King Friedrich Wilhelm II for the improvement of horse breeding. When part of the former Kingdom of Poland came to Prussia in 1795 with the Third Partition of Poland , Theodor von Keudell bought the Nieder-Gielgudischken lordship in New East Prussia on the Niemen from Prince Czartoryski , which means that part of the von Keudell family also settled in Poland. Theodor von Keudell was one of the first farmers to introduce clover cultivation in this province.

Friedrich Wilhelm von Keudell, who was district administrator of the Electorate of Hesse in 1807, came from the Schwebda and Falken line that was flourishing in Hesse . His son Friedrich Caspar was chief forester of the Hesse region until 1815 and his grandson Rudolf von Keudell was chamberlain of the Hesse region and later master of the Schwebda feudal estate.

Nobility family

According to the Genealogical Handbook of the Nobility , this family traces its ancestry back to the Hessian nobility . Accordingly, the family line in the Harz begins with Martin Kaydel, who married Ilsabe Plathner from the Nöschenrode hammer mill near Wernigerode around 1550 . His son was Heinrich Keydel the elder of the royal court and Kammschlacken , the owner of the hut on Sieber. With Johann Caspar Keudell (also Keidell, 1676–1734), ducal-Braunschweig forest secretary, the family came to East Prussia. The relationship was confirmed by two members from the Hessian nobility on August 28 and August 29, 1784. A Prussian nobility confirmation and renewal took place on June 16, 1789 in Berlin for the Leopold brothers, tenants of the Grumbkowkaiten domain, Prussian councilor, and Theodor Keudell in Nieder -Gielgudyszki in East Prussia, Prussian councilor in Georgenburg near Insterburg. The coat of arms awarded is identical to that of the Hessian noble family von Keudell.

Coat of arms of the von Keudell family from Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1605

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows in silver over a low green bar six (three each) black pigs protruding from the edges of the shield. On the helmet with black-and-silver blankets, a black hat with a hermeline on top with two silver pig's ears turned outwards.

Known family members

literature

Web links

Commons : Keudell (noble family)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume VI, Volume 91 of the complete series, p. 203.
  2. Original of the Weißenstein monastery near Kassel or Jochen Schultze: monasteries, donors and hospitals of the city of Kassel and Weißenstein monastery. Regesta and certificates. Marburg 1913
  3. [1] History of the Keudelstein on Eichsfeld-Archiv.de
  4. a b New General German Adels Lexicon Volume 5, p. 86.
  5. a b c d e New Prussian Adelslexicon Volume 3, pp. 104-106.
  6. ^ Gerhard Köbler : Historical Lexicon of the German Lands. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 7th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-54986-1 , p. 333.