Nicolas Berggruen

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Nicolas Berggruen (2012)

Nicolas Berggruen (born August 10, 1961 in Paris ) is a German - American investor . Among other things, he is the founder and managing owner of Berggruen Holdings , a financial holding company specializing in direct investments . His net worth was estimated at $ 1.5 billion by Forbes Magazine in February 2015. He became known in Germany with the purchase of the insolvent Karstadt department store chain in June 2010 and has been criticized for his behavior at Karstadt since 2013. In 2010, Nicolas Berggruen founded the Berggruen Institute , a think tank based in Los Angeles, California.

Life

Nicolas Berggruen was born as the son of the Berlin gallery owner and art collector Heinz Berggruen and his second wife, the Berlin actress Bettina Moissi . His maternal grandfather is the Albanian theater and film actor Alexander Moissi , through whom he is related to the actor Gedeon Burkhard . His brother Olivier (* 1963) is an art historian and grew up with him in Paris.

From his father's first marriage, he has a half-brother, the gallery owner John Henry Berggruen (* 1943 in San Francisco ) and a half-sister, the painter Helen Berggruen , who lives in Napa Valley , California .

Nicolas Berggruen grew up in Paris and Switzerland, where he was raised in German and speaks English as well as French. Berggruen attended the Parisian private school École Alsacienne and then the Swiss boarding school Le Rosey . He later studied finance and international business at New York University and completed his studies with a Bachelor of Science degree after two years . In 1981 he began training as a real estate investor with Bass Brothers Enterprises .

Nicolas Berggruen collects contemporary art and is a founding member and chairman of the support group of the Berlin Museum Berggruen , which presents his father's Picasso collection and expands it through further acquisitions and loans.

In December 2010, Berggruen joined The Giving Pledge's philanthropic campaign , pledging to donate a portion of his fortune to charity. In 2008 the Wall Street Journal added him to a new generation of socially and environmentally responsible investors.

In May 2012 Berggruen made a bid to take over the insolvent drugstore chain Schlecker .

In April 2016, in an interview with the New York Times, he announced that in March he had become the father of a girl and a boy with an interval of three weeks. The two children were born with the help of two egg donors and two surrogate mothers. He said “I am their mother and father at the same time”. Berggruen now lives in Brentwood (Los Angeles) .

Activities as an investor

Financial investments

From 1983 to 1987 Berggruen worked as a partner at the small leveraged buyout -Gesellschaft Jacobson and Co., Inc. operates. In 1984 he founded his own investment company (later renamed Berggruen Holdings ), which initially served as an advisor to the Berggruen family trust. In 1988 he founded the investment fund Alpha Investment Management with Julio Mario Santo Domingo Jr., a son of billionaire Julio Mario Santo Domingo . This was sold to Safra Bank in 2004 . Alpha Investment was a super hedge fund that offered portfolios to wealthy individuals and institutional investors who wanted to buy hedge funds but didn't want to choose them themselves . In the second half of the 1990s, the Alpha fund's Sharpe ratio was three times better than the S&P 500 stock index .

In 1992 Berggruen bought shares in Media Capital , the largest media company in Portugal, for nine million dollars . After building a major media association of magazines, radio stations, and a television station and going public in 2006, he sold PRISA shares for $ 150 million. In 2000, he invested eight million dollars in the American eyewear manufacturer FGX International ( FGXI ). After selling part of his stake to other investors, he later made a profit of $ 200 million.

From the end of 2006 to the end of 2007, he created three of the world's largest acquisition vehicles ( SPACs ); they raised a total of $ 2.6 billion to buy businesses. He founded his first special purpose vehicle, Freedom Acquisition Holdings , with Martin E. Franklin , CEO of Jarden Corporation , and merged it with the UK hedge fund GLG Partners Inc. , the largest independent management company for alternative investments in Europe. When GLG went public in June 2007 , a number of the most important traders dropped out shortly afterwards and the shares also lost 90% of their value within one year due to the global financial crisis from 2007 onwards . In 2010 GLG was sold to the British Man Group Plc at a high loss . In December 2007 he initiated - again with Martin Franklin - an acquisition vehicle called Liberty Acquisition Holdings Corp. in the USA . which raised more than a billion US dollars. A European special purpose vehicle called Liberty International Acquisition Co. , which he founded with Franklin in February 2008, raised $ 878 million. Only these two companies brought the shareholders large financial income. With Liberty International Acquisition Co. , he acquired the English life insurance company Pearl Group (today: Phoenix Group Holdings ) in June 2009 for $ 843 million. In 2011, he and Martin Franklin founded the special purpose vehicle Justice Holdings Ltd. , with former Treasury Secretary Lord Paul Myners as managing director and with economist Nouriel Roubini on the advisory board. The company was able to collect $ 1.44 billion on the London Stock Exchange as of February 2011. In April 2012, a 29% stake in Burger King was acquired for this purpose .

Capital investments

Berggruen Holdings , based in New York City , now has offices in Berlin, Istanbul, Tel Aviv and Mumbai . This indicates that they invest primarily in long-term business. According to the company, the focus of the business is on real estate, clean electricity and renewable energies . Berggruen Holdings owns, among other things, an Indian hotel chain ( Keys Hotels ), Turkish wind energy companies, Israeli real estate, twelve American vocational schools, rice-growing farms, an ethanol fuel factory in Oregon until 2009 and newly built high-rises in city centers all over the world. However, many of these projects were only partially implemented or not implemented at all. To compensate for the loss of agricultural land due to the cultivation of biofuels, he says he buys fields for cassava , maize, rice and other food crops. Today he considers the ethanol plant to be “a very big financial and ecological catastrophe”. In March 2010 he bought a majority stake in the economically troubled Spanish media group PRISA , which also publishes the leading daily El País , for 900 million euros .

The first major investment in a German company was the partial purchase of the then insolvent and Europe's largest furniture manufacturer and IKEA supplier Schieder in October 2007.

Real estate in Germany

Nicolas Berggruen Holdings GmbH has been active in the real estate sector in Germany since 2005, initially in Berlin-Kreuzberg , Wilhelmstrasse . It mainly owns historically significant and listed properties such as the Sarotti-Höfe on Mehringdamm in Berlin-Kreuzberg, the Schuckert Höfe on Treptower Park and the well-known Café Moskau in the center of Berlin. By 2010, Berggruen had acquired around 60 Wilhelminian style apartment buildings and old Berlin commercial yards for more than 225 million euros. In 2006 he acquired the former neo-baroque main post office for sale in Potsdam . The Kreuzberger Künstlerhaus Bethanien officially moved into a Wilhelminian-style house of Berggruen Holdings with 25 large studios on Kottbusser Strasse in Berlin-Kreuzberg on June 11, 2010 . The German branch of Berggruen Holdings has also been located there since 2010 . Between 2005 and 2013, Berggruens Holding invested around 300 million euros in the acquisition and renovation of around 100 residential and commercial buildings in Berlin and Potsdam. The value of these properties was estimated at around 450 million euros in 2013. In addition to some well-known buildings, real estate in Berlin also includes typical Berlin tenements. Online retailer and Karstadt competitor Zalando Berggruens has been a tenant in the former main factory of Knorr-Bremse since 2013 .

Berggruen near Karstadt

Takeover, negotiations and actions

A large working group from Berggruen Holdings had been working for six months from 2009 onwards with a possible takeover of the Karstadt department store chain , which had been in bankruptcy since June 2009 . After reading press reports, and a call to the former Schieder - Interim -Geschäftsführer and former Karstadt -directors Thomas Fox Berggruen made a purchase offer on 21 May, 2010. No branches would be closed and the employees would not suffer any losses. Berggruen assured that it was a long-term commitment. He wanted to negotiate rent discounts with the Highstreet real estate consortium founded by Goldman Sachs , whose initially far excessive rent claims were considered one of the main causes of Karstadt's insolvency. "We don't save the houses to pieces, we focus them and our aim is that the companies grow again." The US textile group BCBG from Max Azria will also take over the operation of the Karstadt houses. Karstadt needs "a young appearance and a youthful style".

On June 7, 2010, the Karstadt creditors' committee approved Berggruen Holdings for the chain of stores with nine out of eleven votes . Berggruen signed the purchase agreement on June 8, 2010, with the reservation ( closing condition , i.e. condition precedent) that the main landlord would give in to Highstreet's rent claims. After lengthy and difficult negotiations, on September 2, 2010, Highstreet and its creditors unanimously approved a new contract with lower rents. Berggruen officially took over the business on October 1, 2010. He paid off liabilities of 70 million euros. Over the next four years, a further 400 million euros will initially be reinvested for the modernization and reorganization of Karstadt, which is generally regarded as urgently needed . These investments are to be generated from Karstadt's ongoing business ( cash flow ). At the beginning of 2011, Berggruen appointed the internationally experienced department store manager Andrew Jennings as Chief Executive Officer of Karstadt Warenhaus GmbH .

criticism

From 2013 Berggruen came under heavy criticism from the Verdi union , the works council , Karstadt employees and the press. Since the takeover of Karstadt he has not made any money available for the renovation, while employees, the state and landlords have waived large sums of money. In a restructuring collective agreement, Karstadt employees waived a total of around 150 million euros in income for three years until summer 2012. From 2013, the employees are to forego wage increases until 2015 and thus raise a further 36 to 38 million euros for the renovation. Nevertheless, from July 2012, 2000 jobs were cut. The tax authorities lost more than 97 percent of the 150 million euros in value added tax that was incurred during Karstadt's insolvency in summer 2009. In the run-up to the insolvency proceedings that were opened in 2009, the Federal Employment Agency paid Karstadt employees' salaries of an estimated 100 million euros for three months. The Highstreet consortium , as the owner of most of the Karstadt properties, waived a total of around 400 million euros in rental payments until 2018. Berggruen and his holding company had invested nothing until 2013, apart from 1 euro “purchase price” for Karstadt and five million euros for the trademark rights in Karstadt. The one euro for Karstadt saved the holding company the gift tax that was otherwise due . Berggruen regularly took millions from Karstadt through license fees for trademark rights. Karstadt had to pay nine million euros for this in the 2012 financial year alone. A loan from Berggruen for 65 million euros, which was a condition for a takeover, was paid back by Karstadt shortly after the takeover, as Berggruen demanded very high interest for it. From 2013, there was speculation in the press that Karstadt would be broken up.

Berggruen replied to the criticism: "In Germany there is only criticism, you are punished if you try something" and "In any other country you would find that good, only Germans don't understand the principle of charity" . He has put 99 percent of his assets into a foundation and does not benefit from the profits of his holding company.

In September 2013 it was announced that Berggruen is selling 75.1% of the premium and sports stores to the Austrian Signa Holding owned by the investor René Benko . With the proceeds of 300 million euros, the remaining part was supposed to be modernized. Der Spiegel revealed details of the sale in the article End on Installments . Only 150 million euros are available for the remaining branches and only 15 million euros of this sum should actually be invested in the branches within five years. Another 135 million are freely available. What this means has not yet been disclosed to the public. 100 million euros of the sales price will be invested in the premium houses and 50 million euros in the sports stores. The 300 million euros should only be paid in full after 18 months, half of which should be paid by the end of the year. In the opinion of the magazine Der Spiegel , the break-up of Karstadt is in progress, and the investor Berggruen is only looking for an elegant end for the rest of Karstadt. Berggruen himself has never provided his own money for the group since the takeover.

Corporate style

According to Berggruen, he invests in companies that have lost much of their value as a result of macroeconomic events, and then expects their economic recovery. However, he had to realize early on that he was less suitable for the day-to-day business of a manager and delegated this range of tasks to appropriate experts. According to Berggruen, he now invests in projects in which he can both expand his wealth and alleviate social problems. In 2011 he said more generally: “We are only here in the world for a small moment. What really matters is what we create, what we build. What counts are our actions and our decisions. It stays forever. That is the real value of our existence. "

His business partners certify that he has “strict business acumen”. Berggruen is both a “disciplined buyer” and “a smart and creative investor”. He only invested in companies whose business he understood. These are primarily retail, media and real estate. Another strength of his is the placement of people from the fields of culture, politics and business. While Berggruen used to avoid the public, he now increasingly visits the media. After several positive German TV reports, the ZDF editorial team, founded in 2011, zoomed Berggruen for the first time after more than a year of research on March 14, 2012; the ZDF editorial team Frontal21 took over excerpts from it the day before.

Political activities

In 2010, Nicolas Berggruen founded the Berggruen Institute, based in Los Angeles, California.

Nicolas Berggruen Institute on Governance

Berggruen was looking for ways to improve policy making; After discussions with Brian Walker (politics) and Brian Copenhaver (philosophy), professors at the University of California , he founded the non-partisan Nicolas Berggruen Institute (NBI) in 2009 . On the occasion of a conference in Berlin in October 2012, he expanded the institute's name to include the Nicolas Berggruen Institute on Governance , a think tank for policy advice , in which former heads of government , well-known entrepreneurs and economists are active. In comparative studies, new political ideas based on the advantages of the Western and Asian world are to be developed. These ideas are intended to benefit governments and citizens' groups around the world. At the end of 2010 he expanded his institute with a non-partisan advisory board, the NBI 21st Century Council (“Council for the 21st Century”), which is composed of former leading politicians from many countries such as Felipe González , Gerhard Schröder and Fernando Cardoso . The economic experts Amartya Sen , Alain Minc and Joseph E. Stiglitz made themselves available as advisors . The first meeting of the NBI 21st Century Council was held in November 2010 at Google headquarters with Eric Schmidt as the host.

As a first concrete project, a Think Long Committee For California is supposed to help revive the Californian economy and reduce the national debt burden. To this end, Berggruen was able to win the support of former high-ranking US politicians from the Republican and Democratic Parties, such as Willie Brown , Condoleezza Rice and George P. Shultz, as well as entrepreneurs such as Eric Schmidt and Eli Broad .

Council on the Future of Europe

With the help of Gerhard Schröder , Berggruen founded the Council on the Future of Europe with another group of top politicians, entrepreneurs, economists and social scientists . At the end of October 2011 this group met in Paris to “advance” reform of European structures. Among other things, the group recommended the establishment of an executive committee modeled on the UN Security Council and a permanent secretariat. We need not less, but more Europe, which the politicians convey to their voters with little conviction. Therefore, he supported the idea of ​​the United States of Europe. There must be "common ministries and responsibilities, definitely for finances, but also for foreign policy, energy, transport and immigration."

Award

  • In January 2009 Nicolas Berggruen received the Berlin Draft Horse Culture Prize .

Memberships

Nicolas Berggruen is a member of the Young Presidents 'Organization and the World Presidents' Organization (WPO) and member of the board of directors of the French daily Le Monde and of the Spanish media group Prisa . He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations , an influential American think tank, and the Pacific Council on International Policy . His cultural ambitions are served by his membership in the International Council of the Museum of Modern Art , the Tate Modern and the Los Angeles County Museum of Art .

Publications

TV reports

  • Who is Nicolas Berggruen? TV report, Germany, 2010, 6:22 min., Director: Grit Lederer, production: Hessischer Rundfunk , editing: ttt - titel, thesen, temperamente , first broadcast: July 11, 2010, film text ( memento from July 16, 2010 in Internet Archive ).
  • Employees celebrate Karstadt rescue. Television report, Germany, 2010, 1:34 min., Production: n-tv , publication: September 3, 2010, online video .
  • Karstadt rescue. News broadcast, Germany, 2010, 2:36 min., Production: ARD , editing: Tagesthemen , first broadcast: September 3, 2010.
  • Vis-à-vis: Nicolas Berggruen, investor and philanthropist. Talk, Germany, 2011, 60 min., With Frank A. Meyer , production: 3sat , first broadcast: October 31, 2011, synopsis by ARD .
  • Do-gooder or trader? The Karstadt rescuer Berggruen. TV report, Germany, 2012, 8:10 min., Production: ZDF , editing: Frontal21 , first broadcast: March 13, 2012.
  • Mister Karstadt. The enigmatic Nicolas Berggruen. TV report, Germany, 2012, 45:49 min., Production: ZDF , editing: ZDFzoom , first broadcast: March 14, 2012.

Web links

Commons : Nicolas Berggruen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Interviews

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Nicolas Berggruen. In: Forbes , February 2015
  2. ↑ The beautiful Blender FAZ of December 29, 2013
  3. ↑ No entrepreneur, just a bad investor Die Welt, July 11, 2014
  4. ↑ Alessandra Stanley: The Billionaire Who's Building a Davos of His Own . In: The New York Times . April 16, 2016, ISSN  0362-4331 ( nytimes.com [accessed December 21, 2016]).
  5. ↑ Ingeborg Ruthe: Nicolas Berggruen not only wants to save Karstadt, but preferably the whole world. What drives him? The obsessed. In: Berliner Zeitung , September 18, 2010.
  6. ^ A b Brigitte Koch: Karstadt investor with collector gene. In: FAZ , May 25, 2010.
  7. ^ École alsacienne in the French language Wikipedia
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h Nicolas Berggruen, Chairman of Berggruen Holdings . ( Memento of November 16, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) In: Nicolas Berggruen Institute on Governance, as of November 2, 2011
  9. ↑ a b c d Robert Frank: Investor puts value first. Restless billionaire now pumps fortune into 'the real world'. ( Memento from December 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 343 kB) In: The Wall Street Journal , May 19, 2008, as original PDF of the WSJ ( Memento from December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ); as an abbreviated online version
  10. ^ A b The World's Billionaires, Nicolas Berggruen . In: Forbes , March 10, 2010
  11. ↑ Nicola Kuhn: "I hope I inherited his eye." In: Tagesspiegel , August 28, 2007. Interview "about the future of the museum and its love for art."
  12. ^ Bernhard Schulz: Museum Berggruen. A great legacy. In: Tagesspiegel , May 31, 2008
  13. ↑ Steffen Gerth: Karstadt investor Berggruen wants to donate part of his assets . In: Der Handel , December 9, 2010
  14. ↑ Nicolas Berggruen offers for Schlecker. In: Handelsblatt. May 24, 2012, accessed October 20, 2016 .
  15. ↑ Surrogate mother makes it possible: Ex-Karstadt investor Berggruen “buys” two Babys Focus online in the USA from April 24, 2016, accessed on May 1, 2016
  16. ↑ Nicolas Berggruen had offspring from a surrogate mother derwesten.de on April 30, 2016, accessed on May 1, 2016.
  17. ↑ a b c Manashwi: The Super Tramp. Eccentric, yet a realist, it's hard to pin him down . ( Memento of April 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In: Businessworld , September 19, 2008, archived by Internet Archive
  18. ↑ http://www.berggruenholdings.de/site/content.php?page=unternehmen& ( Memento from December 31, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ), see: www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1365790/ 0000950123-07-0 | September 21, 2007
  19. ↑ Own presentation ( memento of August 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on berggruenholdings.de
  20. ↑ Nicolas Berggruen and the Think Long Committee for California , see: www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1407539/0000950144-09-0 | April 23, 2009
  21. ^ Julio Mario Santo Domingo, Jr. in the English language Wikipedia
  22. ↑ a b c Buy what you like . In: Forbes Magazine , June 14, 1999, ( archive page ( March 22, 2002 memento on the Internet Archive ))
  23. ^ Media Capital in the English language Wikipedia
  24. ↑ a b c d e f The World's Billionaires, Nicolas Berggruen . In: Forbes , March 11, 2009
  25. ↑ a b c d e f Jeremy Kahn: Billionaire Living Out of Tote Bag Amasses Fortune to Give Away. In: Bloomberg , October 25, 2011
  26. ↑ Michael J. de la Merced: Mergers & Acquisitions. In Pearl Deal, a New Role for Spacs? . In: New York Times , June 29, 2009
  27. ↑ Sylvia Pfeifer, Patrick Jenkins: Berggruen hopes cash shell will raise £ 700m . In: Financial Times , February 6, 2011
  28. ↑ Burger King goes public through the back door. In: Die Welt , April 5, 2012.
  29. ↑ Brief self-presentation of Berggruen Holdings ( Memento from May 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), archived by Internet Archive , as of April 1, 2008.
  30. ↑ Keys Hotels , official site
  31. ↑ a b c Video Mister Karstadt. The enigmatic Nicolas Berggruen. (TV report, Germany, 2012, 45:49 min., Production: ZDF, editing: ZDFzoom, first broadcast: March 14, 2012)  in the ZDFmediathek , accessed on February 3, 2014.
  32. ↑ Carl Batisweiler and Andreas Hohenadl: The big investors are showing the way: They buy agricultural land all over the world. A new trend. , finanzen.net, June 22, 2008
  33. ^ Astrid Geisler , Philipp Gessler: Interview with Karstadt investor Berggruen. In: taz , July 14, 2010
  34. ↑ Ute Müller: Nicolas Berggruen joins the "El País" editor . In: Die Welt , March 8, 2010
  35. ↑ dpa : Schieder. Art patron gets on board. In: manager magazin , October 2, 2007.
  36. ^ Sabine Flatau: Nicolas Berggruen believes in Berlin. In: Berliner Morgenpost , August 18, 2012.
  37. ↑ Schuckert Höfe - Treptower Park ( Memento from March 31, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Nicolas Berggruen Holdings GmbH
  38. ↑ Christoph Stollowsky: His legacy. In: Tagesspiegel , May 25, 2010.
  39. ^ Claas Greite: Berggruen buys the former main post office. In: Potsdamer Nachrichten , December 22, 2006.
  40. ↑ Annabelle Seubert: Bethanien: Tannert goes . In: Tagesspiegel , May 25, 2010
  41. ↑ The homeless Mr. Karstadt has found his center: Kreuzberg. In: BZ , June 13, 2010.
  42. ↑ Nicolas Berggruen earns splendidly with Berlin real estate In: Wirtschaftswoche , June 22, 2013.
  43. ↑ Jens Kohrs: Berggruen: "I can save Karstadt" . In: Die Welt , May 23, 2010
  44. ↑ Nikolaus Piper : “Long or short skirts? I don't know! ” In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , December 13, 2010, interview with Berggruen
  45. ↑ Petra Blum: Karstadt on course for restructuring. Fox and Caparros are supposed to make department store chains profitable. ( Memento of October 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) In: WDR , December 12, 2010, archived by Internet Archive .
  46. ↑ Karstadt prospect Berggruen: Can save the company. In: Reuters , May 23, 2010.
  47. ↑ Oliver Stock: Karstadt finds new investor . In: Handelsblatt , May 21, 2010
  48. ^ Suc: Germany's money nobility benefited from Karstadt rents . Spiegel Online , June 14, 2009
  49. ↑ Oliver Stock: Arcandor really badly organized Karstadt . In: Handelsblatt , May 25, 2010, interview with Nicolas Berggruen
  50. ↑ Karstadt bidder Berggruen brings partners on board . In: Der Handel , May 25, 2010, dpa
  51. ^ Alfons Frese: New hope for Karstadt . In: Tagesspiegel , May 23, 2010
  52. ↑ Angela Maier: Berggruen wins the contract for Karstadt . ( Memento from June 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) In: Financial Times Deutschland , June 7, 2010, with video ( Memento from June 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), 1:52 min.
  53. ↑ Karstadt department store chain goes to Berggruen Holding . In: Die Welt , June 7, 2010
  54. ↑ Berggruen is allowed to take over Karstadt . Tagesschau.de , September 3, 2010.
  55. ↑ Hagen Seidel: Karstadt now really belongs to Nicolas Berggruen . In: Die Welt , October 1, 2010
  56. ↑ Steffen Gerth: Karstadt needs a radical change . In: Der Handel , October 29, 2010
  57. ↑ Steffen Gerth: Karstadt boss Fox in an interview: "Karstadt doesn't need a revolution" . In: Der Handel , October 1, 2010
  58. ^ Karstadt crisis: Everyone pays, only Berggruen does not . In: Spiegel Online , June 11, 2013
  59. ↑ Karstadt owner: Berggruen rejects criticism . In: Spiegel Online , June 16, 2013
  60. ^ Karstadt companies: Berggruen sells KaDeWe and Co. Handelsblatt, September 16, 2013
  61. ↑ Susanne Amann: End on installments , Der Spiegel 39/2013, 74-76.
  62. ^ Paul Sullivan: Opportunities Abound. Even for the Risk Averse . In: New York Times , October 18, 2011
  63. ↑ Berggruen quoted by Markus Feldenkirchen: The weight of life . In: Der Spiegel . No. 6 , 2011 ( online ).
  64. ↑ Berggruen and Meier bring color and light to the “White City” . Press release Richard Meier & Partners, May 9, 2010
  65. ^ Nicolas Berggruen . ( Memento from October 31, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) In: Chicago Tribune , May 19, 2008
    “'He's a disciplined buyer,' says Martin Franklin, the chief executive of Jarden Corp., the consumer-products giant, and a partner with Mr. Berggruen in several businesses. ” See also Jarden in the English language Wikipedia.
  66. ↑ a b c Thomas Jahn: Karstadt. The will-o'-the-wisp. In: Die Zeit , May 27, 2010, No. 22
  67. ^ Paul Sullivan: Opportunities Abound. Even for the Risk Averse. In: New York Times , October 18, 2011
  68. ↑ Jeremy Kahn: Billionaire Living Out of Tote Bag Amasses Fortune to Give Away . Bloomberg , October 25, 2011. Michael Govan: “He [Berggruen] looks at the world holistically, encompassing culture and economics and politics, and he weaves it together with all the people he knows.” (He looks holistically at the world, recorded Culture and economy and politics and networks this with all the people he knows.)
  69. ↑ a b Video do-gooder or trader? The Karstadt rescuer Berggruen. (TV report, Germany, 2012, 8:10 min., Production: ZDF, editing: Frontal21, first broadcast: March 13, 2012)  in the ZDFmediathek , accessed on February 3, 2014. (offline)
  70. ↑ Thomas Curwen: On his Santa Monica mountaintop, a billionaire envisions lofty thoughts on politics and culture . In: Los Angeles Times . April 30, 2016, ISSN  0458-3035 ( latimes.com [accessed April 12, 2017]).
  71. ↑ jd / vin: Schäuble supports direct election of the EU Council President. In: Tages-Anzeiger , October 30, 2012
  72. ↑ Ingeborg Harms: Do you want to save California now, Mr. Berggruen? In: FAZ , November 22, 2010, conversation
  73. ↑ Holger Schmale: Berggruens Think Tank. Kreuzberg and California . In: Frankfurter Rundschau , January 17, 2011
  74. ↑ Christoph Schlautmann: Nicolas Berggruen wants to save California . In: Handelsblatt , January 7, 2011
  75. ^ Nicolas Berggruen Institute on Governance ( Memento from August 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), as of October 29, 2012
  76. ↑ Michael Kläsgen: Private summit on the debt crisis. Schröder sips satisfied. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , October 28, 2011.
  77. ↑ Tino Andresen: Berggruen : “The man with conviction”: The Karstadt rescuer wants to change the world. In: Handelsblatt , November 1, 2011: “He invests more than 50 percent of his working time for the NBI. “I can make a difference there. That's why it's more important to me than business. ”»
  78. ↑ Holger Schmale: We can become a museum for the Chinese. In: Frankfurter Rundschau , October 28, 2011, interview.
  79. ↑ A draft horse for social and cultural engagement. In: Berliner Zeitung , March 1, 2007
  80. ↑ Photos: Berggruen with “Berliner Zugpferd”. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , June 8, 2010 and Berggruen with mother Bettina. In: manager magazin , May 25, 2010
  81. ^ Official list of members of the Council on Foreign Relations - 2011 (PDF file; 574 kB)
personal data
SURNAME Berggruen, Nicolas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-American investor, real estate agent, art collector and political advisor
DATE OF BIRTH August 10, 1961
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris