Nakhon Ratchasima
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นครราชสีมา Nakhon Ratchasima |
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| Coordinates | 14 ° 59 ′ N , 102 ° 6 ′ E | ||
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| Country | Thailand | ||
| Nakhon Ratchasima | |||
| ISO 3166-2 | TH-30 | ||
| Residents | 136,153 (2013) | ||
| Post Code | 30000 | ||
 Overview Nakhon Ratchasima
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Nakhon Ratchasima ( Thai นครราชสีมา ) is the capital of the Nakhon Ratchasima province in the northeast region of Thailand , the so-called Isan . Nakhon Ratchasima is also called Khorat or Korat (Thai: โคราช ) for short . The city is located in the district ( Amphoe ) Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima and has had the administrative status of a "big city municipality" ( Thesaban Nakhon ) since 1994 .
The city of Nakhon Ratchasima has 136,153 inhabitants (as of 2013), making it the most populous city in the northeast region.
Surname
There are several theories about the origin of the place name. According to one, the original name in Sanskrit Nagara Rājasīmā , in Khmer Nokor (or Angkor ) Rèach Sêma , which means "city of the royal border" (from nagara = city, rāja = king and sīmā = border marker). This name alludes to the location of the former city on the edge of the sphere of influence of the Khmer Empire of Angkor . This predecessor city ("Old Korat") is said to have been located much further to the west than modern Nakhon Ratchasima.
According to another view, represented by Prince Damrong Rajanubhab , among others, 'Nakhon Ratchasima' is composed of the names of two predecessor cities , Gorākhapura (identified with the Prasat Mueang Khaek archaeological site ) and (Mueang) Sema . Gorākhapura is named after the north Indian city of Gorakhpur (not far from Ayodhya , which in turn was the namesake for the former Siamese capital Ayutthaya). The popular short name Korat is derived from Gorākhapura .
geography
Nakhon Ratchasima lies on a plain on the western edge of the Isan, the so-called Khorat plateau . The distance to the capital Bangkok is about 260 kilometers.
Economy and Transport
Nakhon Ratchasima is the largest and most important city in Isan, the structurally weakest region of Thailand. Today about 10% of the Isan's population live in Nakhon Ratchasima Province. This also includes many former refugees and immigrants from Laos and Cambodia . An important branch of the economy is silk production .
Nakhon Ratchasima is an important hub in the network of the Thai State Railways . The Northeast Railway from Bangkok , the Railway from Laos and the Railway to Ubon Ratchathani meet at Nakhon Ratchasima Station . The railway line Bangkok – Nakhon Ratchasima ("Korat Railway") was built in 1892-1900 as the first long-distance railway line of what was then Siam . The German engineers Karl Bethge and Luis Weiler played a key role in this.
history
Nakhon Ratchasima is an old founding of Sukhothai , which was supposed to act as an outpost against the Khmer since the beginning of the 14th century . Around 1630 the city was captured by the Khmer army and its population was deported to Cambodia. The fortifications of the country were built under King Narai in the second half of the 17th century, including in Nakhon Ratchasima. After King Phetracha usurped the throne of Narai in 1688, the city's governor refused to recognize it. It took Phetrachas' forces three years to subdue Nakhon Rachasima. From 1698 to 1700, the city was the center of another rebellion led by a monk who claimed to be Narai's brother.
In 1826 the troops of King Anuvong , who rebelled against Siamese rule, advanced from Vientiane to Korat. There their advance could be stopped. According to a widespread representation in Thailand, this was achieved due to the significant participation of Thao Suranari , the wife of the then governor of Nakhon Ratchasima. Today she is the local heroine of the city and is venerated here like a saint. In 1934 a monument was erected for them, which is considered the city's landmark.
The monument was probably also erected by the government to ensure the loyalty of the Korat people. One year after the end of the absolute monarchy in 1932 , Korat was the starting point for a royalist counter-revolt under Prince Boworadet . The government was able to put them down.
The air force base served during the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1975 by the US Air Force as a base for operations against North Vietnam and Cambodia . There was also an AFTN broadcasting studio here .
After the coup by officers of the Thai “ Young Turks ” in April 1981, Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda and General Arthit Kamlang-ek organized its suppression from here. King Bhumibol Adulyadej and his family also stayed in Korat during this time.
In the rampage of a Thai soldier on February 8, 2020, 29 people were killed in the Terminal 21 shopping center and at least 57 other people were injured.
military
The headquarters of the Second Army Region of the Thai Army , which is responsible for the defense of the northeast region, is located in Nakhon Ratchasima . There is also a Thai Air Force base south of the city , where F-16 A / B fighter planes are stationed.
Attractions
- Statue of Thao Suranari (Khun Ying Mo) - in honor of the wife of the governor of the province in the time of King Rama III. which at the time repelled an invasion of the Lao troops under King Anuvong ; Erected in 1934, the statue houses the ashes of the honored woman.
- Wat Sala Loi - the Buddhist temple complex ( Wat ) is located on the banks of the Maenam Thakhong and is built in the style of a Chinese junk .
- Wat Payap - newly built temple complex in the old Ayutthaya style with a Buddhist wheel (see: Dharmachakra ) made of sandstone and a pagoda with five roofs in Chinese style.
- Prasat Hin Wat Phanom Wan - just outside Nakhon Ratchasima are the Khmer ruins, built before the 10th century .
- Sao Lak Müang - the place of worship for the city spirits of Nakhon Ratchasima
- Fortress and city gate - the rebuilt Pratu Chumphon gate and the moats (with fountains and other water features) give a good impression of the former facility, which covered an urban area of 1.7 km × 1.5 km.
sons and daughters of the town
- Nuttawut Chanachan (* 1991), Thai soccer player
- Anusorn Chansod (* 1989), Thai soccer player
- Chalitpong Jantakul (* 1989), Thai soccer player
- Piyarat Lajungreed (* 1991), Thai soccer player
- Watcharin Nuengprakaew (* 1996), Thai soccer player
- Udomporn Polsak (* 1981), first Thai Olympic champion
- Amorn Thammanarm (* 1983), Thai soccer player
- Kiattisak Toopkhuntod (* 1995), Thai soccer player
- Pongsaklek Wonjongkam (* 1977), Thai boxer
- Prapat Yoskrai (* 1993), Thai soccer player
- LOSO , Thai rock band
Others
Nakhon Ratchasima is the namesake of the Korat cat .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Department of Provincial Administration : Status 2013 (in Thai)
- ↑ Etienne Aymonier: Khmer Heritage in Thailand. With Special Emphasis on Temples, Inscriptions, and Etymology. White Lotus Press, 1999, p. 119.
- ^ Fine Arts Department (Ed.): Plan and Report of the Survey and Excavation of Ancient Monuments in Northeastern Thailand. Sivaporn Press, Bangkok 1959. Quoted from: Recent Siamese Publications. In: Journal of the Siam Society , Volume 48, No. 2, 1960, p. 127.
- ↑ Suthasinee Sookkasame: Teaching Process for Passing down knowledge of Mahori Khorat to Young People in Nakhon Ratchasima. In: Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research , Volume 3, pp. 107-114, at pp.
- ↑ Ben Kiernan: Blood and Soil. A World History of Genocide and Exterminsation from Sparta to Darfur. Yale University Press, 2007, p. 157.
- ^ David K. Wyatt : Thailand. A short history. 2nd Edition. Yale University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-300-08475-7 , p. 108.
- ^ Paul M. Handley: The King Never Smiles. A Biography of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej. Yale University Press, New Haven 2006, ISBN 0-300-10682-3 , p. 282.
- ↑ tagesschau.de