Church of the Conception and St. Adalbert (Nidzica)
| Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Adalbert in Nidzica (Kościół Niepokalanego Poczęcia NMP i Św. Wojciecha w Nidzicy) Neidenburg Evangelical Parish Church |
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 The former Protestant, now Roman Catholic parish church in Nidzica / Neidenburg (drawing from 1943) |
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| Construction year: | 14th Century |
| Style elements : | inconsistent |
| Location: | 53 ° 21 '34 " N , 20 ° 25' 27.1" E |
| Location: |
Nidzica Warmia-Masuria , Poland |
| Purpose: | Evangelical-Lutheran , since 1948 Roman-Catholic parish church |
| Parish: | ul.Młynarska 12, 13-100 Nidzica |
| Diocese : | Archdiocese of Warmia , Deanery Nidzica |
| Website: | www.swietywojciech.org |
The Church of the Immaculate Conception of Mary and St. Adalbert in Nidzica ( German Neidenburg ) has its foundation walls from the 14th century. From the Reformation to 1948, it was the Protestant parish church of the Neidenburg parish in East Prussia . Since then it has been a Roman Catholic church in the parish of Nidzica in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .
Geographical location
The district town of Nidzica is located in the southwest of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . In urban areas, expressway 7 and the voivodship roads DW 538 , DW 545 and DW 604 meet. The city is a train station on the Działdowo – Olsztyn railway line ( German Soldau – Allenstein ).
The church stands in the western part of the old town within the former defensive walls, of which it was an integral part.
Church building
The church with a pastor in Neidenburg was first mentioned on December 7, 1381. Since the introduction of the Reformation in East Prussia - in 1525 - the Neidenburg town church has been a Protestant church. In the course of history, the appearance of the church changed, as it was destroyed and rebuilt several times. In 1414 it burned down with the market, in 1664 again. Repeatedly destroyed by fire in 1804, after being rebuilt in 1812, it served the French as a field bakery on their way to Moscow, and in 1914 the Russian military damaged the building. In the years 1579, 1689, 1725, 1917 to 1819 and 1920 to 1924, renovations and reconstructions were carried out, whereby in 1924 only the wall core of the old church was preserved.
What the church looked like up to the 16th century is not documented. A church visit carried out in 1561 certifies the presence of a choir and several pews. According to reports from 1684, the church building had two aisles and a tower on the east side. The lateral position of the tower was quite common in Pomesania . It was three-story, but the top story was not added until 1903.
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The basic building material of the church was brick , partly set on field stone . The outer walls were plastered. The tower has a Gothic shape up to the third floor, the gables have been added in neo-Renaissance style. It has a square floor plan, is covered with a tent roof, and there are clocks on the two gables.
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The interior of the church is laid out with three aisles, has flat roofs and lateral galleries . There are only two rows of windows on the west side. In the 1990s, plaster of paris and exposed bricks were removed from the lower sections of the interior walls to evoke the church's originally Gothic style. The church was then given a colored design with pictures of 15 Polish saints and blessed above the galleries. The (main) altar is decorated with paintings of the Annunciation , the Resurrection of Jesus Christ and Adalbert of Prague .
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Due to the numerous fires and the effects of war, not much has been preserved from the old furnishings of the church. It is known that there was an organ in the church before 1728 . On the basis of a contract with Georg Sigismund Caspari from Königsberg (Prussia) , his colleague Gerhard Arend cell made a new organ, which was revised again in 1735. In 1820 an oil painting of the crucifixion of Christ was placed in the altar wall . which a certain Knorr from Koenigsberg had made. Today there are two simple side altars next to the main altar: the Sacred Heart of Jesus and the Mother of God of Perpetual Help.
At the beginning of the 1950s a bell was discovered at the bell cemetery in Hamburg , which came from the Protestant parish church in Neidenburg. It had to be delivered for armament purposes in 1942, but it survived the war. Their strike tone is “c sharp” , their weight 180 kg, and the lower diameter 65 cm. Their inscription says:
- "ANNO DOMINI 1633 - FELIX TIKOL THE HAUBTMANN TIME IN NEIDENBURG - GOS MICH NICKLAS SCHMIDICHEN". It rings today in the village of Berenbostel in the city of Garbsen near Hanover : since 1998 as a single bell in the Silvanus Church, after it rang from the tower of the Stephanus Church from 1956 to 1965.
After the Second World War , the Protestant parish in Neidenburg, now called Nidzica, was almost wiped out due to the flight and displacement of the local population . A Roman Catholic community, which was growing due to new settlers, faced it. On August 5, 1948, both denominations agreed to exchange their places of worship: the (smaller) Catholic parish church became the church of the Protestant community, and the (larger) Protestant parish church was given to the Catholics.
Parish
Neidenburg already had a church in the pre-Reformation period. With the Reformation it became Protestant.
Evangelical
Church history
Georg von Polentz , the bishop of Samland and Pomesanien , succeeded in winning a Protestant preacher for Neidenburg in 1524. Soon two clergymen were serving here at the same time, a third was deployed in the Kandien (Polish: Kanigowo ) branch community . The Neidenburg inspection was headed by an archpriest before 1552 . Only between 1705 and 1725 was the church subject to inspection in Saalfeld ( Zalewo in Polish ). In 1910 the Soldau Church District ( Działdowo in Polish ) was separated, but remained connected to the Neidenburg Church District through the District Synod.
In 1925 the Neidenburg parish had eleven parishes with 14 churches. The parish of Neidenburg was incorporated, which - without the branch parish of Kandien - had 8,500 parishioners in the city of Neidenburg and in around 20 villages and towns. Church district and parish of Neidenburg belonged to the church province of East Prussia of the Church of the Old Prussian Union .
Since 1948 the evangelical congregation in Nidzica has belonged to the Masuria diocese of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland . Their place of worship is the Holy Cross Church , which was previously the Catholic parish church.
Parish places
The villages and localities belonged to the parish of Neidenburg (town and country):
| German name | Changed name from 1938 to 1945 |
Polish name | German name | Changed name from 1938 to 1945 |
Polish name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adlershorst | Moczysko | * Magdalenz | Magdaleniec | |||
| Albrechtau | Podgórzyn | * Modlken | Moddelkau | Módłki | ||
| * Bartoschken | Bartzdorf (East Pr.) | Bartoszki | * Neidenburg | Nidzica | ||
| Berghof | Tatary | Pioneers |
(from 1932 :) Freidorf |
Piątki | ||
| * Gregersdorf | Grzegórzki | Piotrowitz |
(from 1932 :) Alt Petersdorf |
Piotrowice | ||
| (Large) Olschau | Struben | Olszewo | Robertshof | Robaczewo | ||
| * Green flow | Napiwoda | * Salusks | Kniprode | Załuski | ||
| * Klein Olschau | Olszewko | * Sieroko Pass | Breitenfelde | Szerokopaś | ||
| Little finches | Litwinki | * Wash basins | Waiselhöhe | Waszulki |
Pastor
Until 1945 the parish priests held office as Protestant clergy at Neidenburg:
- NN., Until 1527
- Martin N., 1533
- Jacob Kade, 1534-1537
- Matthias Freywald, from 1537
- Johann Franckenowski, 1546
- Johann Girck, 1549–1562
- Johann Radomski, 1562–1572
- Bartholomäus Tschepius, 1579
- Christophorus Zobio, 1587
- Laurentius Kleinschultz, 1600–1618
- Matthias Chyoretius, until 1603
- Bartholomäus Eichler, 1603-1620
- Johann Gutt, 1620-1625
- Martin Helm, 1625–1671
- Johann Wiendarius, 1636/1653
- Johann Ostrowius, 1658–1661
- Johann Reimer, 1665–1702
- Georg Reichmann, 1672–1703
- Gottfried Cholewius, 1695–1696
- Christoph Wedecke, 1697–1707
- Andreas Grabowius, 1702–1708
- Johann Nadebor, 1707-1720
- Johann Christoph Wannowius, 1708–1710
- Michael Scotus, 1711-1717
- Johann Egner, 1717-1740
- Christoph Kowalewski, 1721–1737
- Georg Wasianski, 1737–1741
- Matthäus Kobyienski, 1740–1756
- Andreas Slopianka, 1742–1772
- Johann Gottfried Rogaczki, 1757–1761
- Johann Wilhelm Alexius, 1762–1806
- Georg Joseph Rosocha, 1772–1811
- Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig Kelch, 1806–1827
- Karl Wenzeck, 1811-1813
- Johann Friedrich Wolff, 1815–1834
- Friedrich Wilhelm Wilimczig, 1827–1846
- Carl WL Schadebrodt, 1835–1861
- August Ferdinand Kob, 1846–1857
- Ludwig Karl Siemienowski, 1859–1874
- Gustav Adolf Moritz Kob, 1861–1874
- Friedrich Wilhelm Off, 1875–1885
- Adolf Jul. Leonhard Skopnick, 1878–1886
- Karl Joh. Gottlieb Myckert, 1885–1926
- Oskar Heinrich Raffel, 1886–1887
- Hermann Heinrich Tomuschat, 1888–1918
- Karl Alwin E. Grundies, from 1891
- Karl Paul Emil Gettwart, 1918–1934
- Kurt Stern, 1926–1945
- Hans Georg Borchert, 1934–1942
- Alfred Donder, 1943–1945
Church records
The wars survived from the church registers of the parish of Neidenburg and are kept in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin-Kreuzberg :
- Baptisms: 1708 to 1715, 1720 to 1827, and 1935 to 1944
- Weddings: 1705 to 1715, 1720 to 1810 and 1915 to 1945
- Burials: 1704 to 1758, 1766 to 1806 (1808), and 1815 to 1942 (1944)
- Confirmations: 1915 to 1944.
Roman Catholic
For the history of the Catholic Church in Neidenburg see
Through the "church swap" in Nidzica in 1948, the Roman Catholic Church became the owner of the previously Protestant parish church. After structural changes and adaptations to the new liturgical custom, the church - like the previous Catholic parish church - was dedicated to the Immaculate Conception of Mary , as well as to the bishop and martyr Adalbert of Prague . Over the years the Roman Catholic Church built two other places of worship in Nidzica, dedicated to the Divine Mercy and Blessed Bolesława Lament .
Nidzica is the seat of a separate deanery in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia , which in addition to the three churches in the city include four rural churches: in Kanigowo (Kandien) , Łyna (Lahna) , Muszaki (Muschaken) and Napiwoda (Green flow) , which are still partly affiliated churches assigned are.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d church building in Neidenburg at ostpreussen.net .
- ↑ a b c d Walther Hubatsch : History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 2: Pictures of East Prussian churches. Göttingen 1968, p. 127, figs. 594-598.
- ↑ a b c d e Article of the Church of the Conception of Mary / St. Adalbert's Church in the Warmia-Masurian Cultural Lexicon (Polish).
- ↑ Werner Renkewitz, Jan Janca , Hermann Fischer : History of the art of organ building in East and West Prussia. Volume II, 1: Mosengel, Caspari, Casparini. Pape Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-921140-80-2 , pp. 220-221.
- ↑ Parish dictionary Berenbostel-Silvanuskirche .
- ↑ Parish dictionary Berenbostel-Stephanuskirche .
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Göttingen 1968, p. 9.
- ↑ a b Friedwald Moeller: Old Prussian Protestant Pastor Book from the Reformation to the Expulsion in 1945. Hamburg 1968, p. 100.
- ↑ Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Göttingen 1968, p. 390.
- ^ A b Walther Hubatsch: History of the Protestant Church in East Prussia. Volume 3: Documents. Göttingen 1968, p. 495.
- ↑ The asterisk (*) indicates a school location.
- ↑ The pastors responsible for the branch village Kandien (but partly living in Neidenburg) are named in the article of the church Kandien.
- ^ Christa Stache: Directory of the church records in the Evangelical Central Archives in Berlin. Part I: The eastern church provinces of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union. 3. Edition. Berlin 1992, pp. 86-87.
- ^ Parish in Nidzica .
- ^ Parafia Nidzica in the Archdiocese of Warmia .
- ^ Deanery Nidzica in the Archdiocese of Warmia .