Small fort Rinschheim

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Small fort Rinschheim
(Small fort Holderbusch)
limes ORL - ( RLK )
Route (RLK) Upper German Limes ,
Front Limes, route 8
Dating (occupancy) at the earliest around AD 159/160
until AD 259/260 at the latest
Type Small fort
size approx. 50 m × 60 m
(= 0.3 ha)
Construction stone
State of preservation not visible; the area is used for agriculture
place Buchen (Odenwald) -Rinschheim
Geographical location 49 ° 30 '54.4 "  N , 9 ° 23' 42.1"  E
height 348  m above sea level NHN
Previous Small fort Hönehaus (north)
Subsequently Osterburken Castle (south)

The small fort in Rinschheim - also known as the small fort Holderbusch - was a Roman military camp , the crew of which was responsible for security and surveillance tasks on the so-called “Front Limes” of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes . The UNESCO World Heritage site is located - no longer visible above ground - on an agricultural corridor on the north-eastern edge of the village of Rinschheim, which has been part of the town of Buchen in the Neckar-Odenwald district since 1975 .

location

The course of the Limes to the small fort Rinschheim
Site plan of the fort at the time of the RLK

The intermediate fort built south of the Rinschbach is located at the bottom of a small valley in the Hofäcker corridor and was built around 250 meters behind the Limes palisade, which in this section is almost completely straight from northeast to southwest. The valley runs almost parallel to the Roman border fortifications built to the east, some of which, regardless of topographical structures, descended almost to the bottom of the valley and then rose again to the heights. In order to be able to monitor the surrounding area efficiently, large visual aisles in some cases had to be cut into the forests and then additional watchtowers had to be built at the slightly higher lookout points near Rinschheim. In the event of an alarm, optical signals could then be transmitted from these to the small fort and the chain of posts along the Limes.

Research history

The knowledge of the former course of the Limes had been completely lost among the local population in the second half of the 19th century, which is why all relevant research was initially unsuccessful. It was only during the investigations by the Reich Limes Commission (RLK) that the fortification under the direction of the route commissioner Karl Schumacher (1860–1934) could be discovered and the exact position of the border installations documented. In 1995 an emergency excavation took place in the course of a threatened partial overbuilding.

Building history

Excavation plan of the RLK

The 0.3 hectare complex with rounded corners, like the small fort located a little further to the north, belongs to the Rötelsee type and its construction essentially corresponded to the well-preserved small fort Hönehaus . The RLK excavators mainly excavated the 50-meter-long, northwest-facing rear of the fort. In the center there was a gate bounded by two cheeks. The front facing the Limes, on the other hand, could not be examined due to the difficult terrain. A defensive trench surrounding the complex could not be identified. 65 to 80 centimeters behind the surrounding wall, however, a 0.55 to 0.60 meter wide ditch could be observed inside the camp. Schumacher found that the backfilling of this little grave, about one meter apart, contained charred wood residues, which, in his opinion, pointed to rectangular, roughly 15 × 15 centimeters wide and thick beams. These beams could once either have supported a wooden battlement or served as vertical supports for the wooden back wall of an earth wall that was necessary towards the camp. Both inside and immediately outside the fort, rectangular, round and semicircular living pits and cellars with a diameter of up to three meters were preserved. In addition to these pits, fireplaces were also recorded several times. These findings were confirmed during the emergency excavation in April 1995, which had to be carried out in the area of ​​the southern corner of the fort. In addition to a 0.80 meter wide and 22.5 meter long search cut by Schumacher, which was still emerging, a 2 meter × 0.90 meter large pit was found two meters south of it, which was filled with black humus soil. In addition to animal bones - mostly jaw fragments - it contained fragments of utility ceramics and terra sigillata of the drag forms. 31, drag. 32 and drag. 33 . Sigillates with these shapes were produced from the middle of the 2nd century until the 3rd century. A more precise dating left the fragment Drag. 32 to. It was part of a piece that came into fashion from the second half of the 2nd century. Even a salvaged single-handle jug with a beaded ribbon lip (type Niederbieber 62) should not have been made before the end of the 2nd century.

Roman shards were found 150 meters from the eastern front of the fort, which indicate a camp village.

Very late discoveries of coins from the Vorderen Limes , which came to light at the small fort Rötelsee in the south and the small fort Haselburg in the north , show that this borderline existed until 259/260 AD - the fixed end point of the Limes Falls . In the course of this historically significant event, which culminated in the abandonment of the Agri decumates (Dekumatland), the Roman forts that still existed here were evacuated by their garrisons if they had not already been violently destroyed.

Finds

The finds from Rinschheim, which are listed in the compendium Der Obergermanisch-Raetische Limes des Roemerreiches (ORL), also include fragments of a large and small hunting mug, for whose place of manufacture Kurt Stade determined the Middle Rhine in general, as well as two iron stamps with the shortcuts AS and M . The terracotta figure of a Venus was stamped with the product seal Servandus . This potter, who ran his factory in Cologne, is one of the most productive manufacturers in the provincial capital. By 2004 more than 40 marked statuettes were known. Servandus probably started working shortly before or around the middle of the 2nd century AD. It can only be clearly documented from the 1960s onwards. Other ceramic shards recovered in Rinschheim, in particular Terra Sigillata , came from the workshops of Constans , Cerialis and Proppius , whose factories were located in the important pottery center of Rheinzabern . One of the notable finds is a face urn from the early 3rd century.

Lost property

The finds from the excavation of the RLK and from 1995 were brought to the Badisches Landesmuseum (BLM) in Karlsruhe .

Limes course between the small fort Rinschheim and the fort Osterburken

Traces of the Limes structures between Rinschheim and Osterburken
ORL Name / place Description / condition
KK Rinschheim see above
Wp 8/8 " Deusterberg "
Section through the Limes palisade and the moat between Wp 8/8 and 8/9
The remains of this stone tower in the middle of a ridge were excavated before the RLK began to work, so only loose bricks, chunks of mortar and Roman shards could be examined or picked up at this place . Today only a pile of stones can be seen in this place.
Wp 8/9 " Lausenberg "
The palisade at Wp 8/9.
This stone tower - standing on agricultural land - was also destroyed before the RLK began to work. The RLK was only informed of its existence for information purposes. The employees of the commission were also told of a legend that is said to have taken place here and about two armies that are said to have ambushed each other.
Wp 8/10 " Lower Deustwiesen " This tower point is only assumed here.
Wp 8/11 " Hönehaus "
The situation of Wp 8/11 at the time of the RLK.
The stone tower destroyed by the property owner soon after the excavation is shown in an excavation photo.
The stone tower built 15.10 meters behind the Limes palisade is known in local tradition as the Hönehaus (giant house). Apparently he was clearly recognizable in the field for a long time. Soon after the investigations by the RLK, this watchtower, which was still in good condition at the time, was willfully demolished and completely removed by the property owner at the time. From here there was visual contact to the north to Wp 8/4 and to the south to Wp 8/23. Today only a heavily churned rubble pile with reading stones and garbage can be seen at the point. When it was discovered, the approximately square, 4.30 × 4.36 meter tower, which had a wall thickness of 0.7 to 0.73 meters, was still over a meter high. The ORL has identified several obstacles to approach this tower. There was a fencing trench at a distance of 1.3 meters and a 1.3 meter wide enclosure ditch at a distance of 2.9 meters. On the north side of the tower, two post pits were identified at a distance of 0.8 meters.
Wp 8/12 " On Eselsweg " This tower site is only suspected.
Wp 8/13 " Kerrenberg "
Site plan and profile at Wp 8/13.
Of this stone tower, 17.10 meters behind the Limes palisade, the RLK only exposed the southeast corner. There the masonry was 0.4 meters above the tower base. The large Limes moat was also found 3.80 meters (measured from center to center) behind the palisade moat. Schumacher checked the palisade and moat at three points in this area. According to the ORL, a silver coin from the reign of Emperor Antoninus Pius (138–161) was once found in the nearby Gewann Häuslein . The employees of the RLK made a mistake during the mapping. The location of the tower location described does not correspond to the location in the area. Nothing can be seen on site today.
Wp 8/14 " Above the Rosenberger Weg " This tower site is only suspected.
Wp 8/15 " Red Bush "
Site plan of the watchtower Wp 8/15.
The almost square, 4.45 × 4.50 meter stone tower with its weak foundation, only 0.75 to 0.80 meters thick, was excavated by Schumacher on behalf of the RLK. The distance from the middle of the Limes palisade was 17.70 meters. The remains of the logs of the still 0.80 meter deep and less than 0.40 to 0.50 meter wide palisade trench, which had been charred upon discovery, had been wedged with stones in this area. Schumacher noted that he had also stumbled upon broken pieces at the ditch. The tower was extremely well positioned to monitor the basement valley and the eastern height of the Rimschleims. Today nothing can be seen on the agricultural area of ​​this watchtower.
Wp 8/16 " Pigeon tree " This tower site is only suspected.
Wp 8/17 This tower site is only suspected.
Wp 8/18 and Limes wall " At the Altenhaus "
Site plan of the watchtower Wp 8/18

The traditional field name “Am Altenhaus” indicated the location of an old building that apparently must have existed for a long time as a recognizable landmark. An almost square, 4.10 × 4.15 meter stone watchtower was secured here by the RLK excavation, but it was neglected to record its exact location. When it was found, Wp 8/18 had almost completely fallen victim to stone robbery. Only the weak foundation with a thickness of 0.75 meters could be examined. The tower was surrounded by a double ring moat, which was 1.80 to 1.90 meters away from the structure. Both trenches were interrupted on their east side to two and one meters. Today nothing can be seen on the agriculturally used area.

Between Wp 8/18 and the next watchtower Wp 8/19, which was only localized by guesswork, Schumacher located the northernmost remains of a stone Limes wall (also known as the Limes wall ) between 1.2 and 1.25 meters near the Bofsheim cemetery has been wide. The investigations by the route commissioner made it clear that this wall was not directly connected to the towers, as was the case on the Rhaetian Limes. Instead, the wall mostly ended at a short distance in front of the tower flanks, creating a clear gap that could perhaps have served as a passage. Schumacher was able to use some structural findings to prove that this wall was created as the youngest expansion stage of the Front Limes and was only built after the wooden palisade, the pile ditch , which was probably rotted in the meantime , had to be abandoned. Further traces of this Limes wall were found on the following section over a length of around 17 kilometers up to Wp. 8/56 - almost as far as Jagsthausen Fort . Perhaps the work was conceived as a supraregional project that was ultimately intended to completely replace the older wooden palisade, but could never be completed. In this context, Schumacher was unable to prove whether the wall had already been completed on the entire section or whether this stone bar had been attacked at different points at the same time and had to be abandoned before completion in the course of the Limes Falls. Also in 2006 under the direction of Britta Rabold, investigations between Wp 8/33 and 8/34 on a length of 75 meters confirmed the research of the RLK, but could not find any traces of the Limes wall here either.

Today nothing can be seen of the wall in the area.

Wp 8/19 " Glosenrain " This tower site is only suspected.
Wp 8/20 " On the rise "
Traces of the Limes wall at Wp 8/20.
This stone tower spot in the area of ​​a yard was known to the RLK, but could no longer be examined as it had been destroyed beforehand. As a result, a more precise specification of the localization in the ORL was no longer possible. At Wp 8/20, in the hallway Am Burkemer Weg , Schumacher came across a piece of the Limes wall.
Wp 8/21 " Dome red " During the RLK excavation, only the 0.80 to 0.85 meter thick foundations of the almost square, 4.40 × 4.45 meter tower, which was 16.50 meters behind the palisade, could be secured. The Limes wall, covered on both sides of the tower flanks, joined the tower in the middle with gaps of 0.20 and 0.50 meters. The area marked by a few stones lying around is now heavily disrupted. As was often the case at the time of the RLK, the cuts made during the excavation were no longer filled in and are still recognizable as remains
Wp 8/22 " Erloh " This tower site is only suspected.
Wp 8/23 " Roschle " In addition to the palisade and moat, the Limes wall was discovered here over a length of 16 meters. 15 meters behind, there were clear traces of the Limes Road. The 4.80 × 4.85 meter stone tower, excavated as early as 1880 by the antiquity-loving private scholar Karl Christ (1841–1927), from which the crew had an excellent view of the country, was only properly examined by Schumacher. Only the east wall of the building erected 17.10 meters behind the palisade was still 0.30 meters high above the 0.80 to 0.90 meter wide foundations. Today the excavation funnel of the RLK and a surrounding rubble wall are still visible.
Wp 8/24 " On the calving path " This tower site is only suspected.
Wp 8/25 " Barnholz " The 4.65 × 4.65 meter stone tower excavated by Christ in 1880 was only fully examined by Schumacher. The structure erected 17.10 meters behind the palisade was still in very good condition at the time. Its masonry was still 0.60 to one meter high. In contrast to most of the other towers along the route, this structure had not yet been torn up inside. So Schumacher could still clearly see the stratifications . Above the original clay floor, a 0.30 meter thick layer of fire was found in the entire interior of the tower, over which a 15 cm thick layer of clay, mixed with smaller stones and debris, followed. The final end of the structure testified to a renewed, 0.30 meter thick layer of fire, over which rubble, brick, mortar and numerous pieces of clay with rod prints lay. Roof tiles or stone slate tiles could not be discovered, which may indicate that the tower was covered with wood shingle. A coin from the reign of Emperor Commodus (180–192), a Pelta fibula and a bronze chape , part of a sword, were recovered from the older layer of fire . On the north side of the building there was a fence at a distance of 1.50 meters and a circumferential protective ditch 2.70 meters away. Schumacher referred to three post pits at a distance of 1.30 meters in front of the tower from an older wooden tower that may have previously stood here. The tower, which was already conserved by Schumacher, was completely demolished and rebuilt in the new conservation carried out in 2005 without the involvement of the preservation authorities.
"Field guard" " Rear calf " One of the youngest structures on the Vorderen Limes was attached to the Limes wall as a rectangular building and, according to the measurements of the RLK, was 14 × 9 meters in size. The meaning and purpose of this perhaps one-story building are unknown. The ORL records the point as a field watch. Today a flat mound of rubble can be seen here.
"Field guard" " Front calf " The RLK excavations in the Gewann Vordere Kalbe uncovered another Limes wall extension. The 11 to 12 meters wide (north-south) and in the light 20 meters deep (east-west) trapezoidal structure with its 1.15 thick walls had an extension on the slightly elevated south-east side that was 4.30 × when it was found Was 6 meters tall, but originally took up more space. The structures were affected by the stone robbery deep into the foundation area. Only the two lowest, mortarless stone layers of the building foundation were preserved. Roman building remains were also found on the opposite side of the Limes wall, but these could no longer be related. Today nothing can be seen in this area. Wp 8/26 is just 85 meters further south.
Wp 8/26 " Osterburkener Kalbe " The RLK was only able to determine the 0.65 to 0.85 meter thick foundation of the poorly preserved tower in a field. The building had a width of 5.50, 5.10, 4.80 and 5.20 meters on the north, south, east and west sides. "Many traces of fire" could be found inside . The Limes wall, which was also determined, had a gap of 0.30 and 0.45 meters on both sides of the tower. From this guard post there was a line of sight to the Osterburken cohort fort in the south. Today, only scattered limestones torn out by the plow can be found in the field.
Wp 8/27 " Affeldern south of Grübe " Wp 8/27 could only be examined by the RLK in a very poor condition. The stone tower probably had a square floor plan, as suggested by the incompletely preserved 0.7 meter wide foundations. Inside, the room was divided by a small wall. Nothing of the building can be seen on the area that is still used for agriculture today.
" Affeldern "
The Limes at Wp 8/28.
Between Wp 8/27 and Wp 8/28 there was again an elongated, narrow extension to the Limes wall and further, not clearly recognizable wall remains on the opposite eastern side of the wall. The moat and the palisade could also be observed here. To the west of the annex stood two lime kilns side by side with their openings facing the Limes. The Limes wall had already been examined by the Mannheimer Altertumsverein in 1867 and again in 1892. The wall width was measured at 1.20 to 1.25 meters.
Wp 8/28 " Affeldern " Schumacher found only a few remains in this area , which could also come from the Limes wall. Today there is a housing estate here; ancient traces are no longer preserved.
Wp 8/29 " Salzberg / Gänsacker " In this area, too, a tower can only be guessed at due to the lack of clear evidence.
"Field guard" " Salt Mountain " Again a very young structure, which the RLK found only heavily destroyed in an interruption in the Limes ditch. Towards the east it protrudes about 5 meters above the center line of the trench, while the extent to the west is unknown. The width of the structure is between 4.50 and 6.70 meters. Three layers of foundations 0.30 meters high could still be observed at individual points. Schumacher suspected a secured passage through the Limes in the building, but this was already considered questionable in the ORL due to the topographical location. Today nothing can be seen in a meadow at this point.
Wp 8/30 " Kirchberg " From this square stone tower on the Kirchberg, examined by the RLK, only fragmented remains of the foundation were preserved. The tower was later finally destroyed and is now overbuilt.
ORL 40 Osterburken

Monument protection

The small fort Rinschheim and the above-mentioned ground monuments have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage as a section of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes since 2005 . In addition, the facilities are cultural monuments according to the Monument Protection Act of the State of Baden-Württemberg (DSchG) . Investigations and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval, and accidental finds are reported to the monument authorities.

See also

literature

  • Dietwulf Baatz : The Roman Limes. Archaeological excursions between the Rhine and the Danube . 4th edition, Mann, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-7861-2347-0 , pp. 234f.
  • Willi Beck and Dieter Planck : The Limes in Southwest Germany . 2nd edition, Theiss, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-8062-0242-7 .
  • Kurt Böhner: Rinschheim, fort . In: Guide to Prehistoric and Protohistoric Monuments . Volume 8: Miltenberg, Amorbach, Obernburg, Aschaffenburg, Seligenstadt . von Zabern, Mainz 1965, p. 128.
  • Britta Rabold, Egon Schallmayer , Andreas Thiel : The Limes . Theiss, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8062-1461-1 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ Kurt Böhner, in: Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments . Volume 8, von Zabern, Mainz 1965, p. 128.
  2. ↑ Karl Christ: The Roman border lines in the Odenwald (in relation to the folk tales linked to them). In: Julius I. Kettler (Ed.): Journal for Scientific Geography. Volume 2, Schauenburg, Lahr 1881, p. 138.
  3. ^ A b c Peter Knotzele, Reinhard Sölch (Britta Rabold): Report in: Find reports from Baden-Württemberg , Volume 22, Part 2, Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3806213887 , p. 106.
  4. ^ Dieter Planck: The Romans in Baden-Württemberg. Theiss, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-1555-3 , p. 192.
  5. ↑ Markus Scholz : Ceramics and history of the Kapersburg fort - an inventory. In: Saalburg-Jahrbuch Vol. 52/53, 2002/2003. von Zabern, Mainz 2003, pp. 95/98.
  6. ^ Egon Schallmayer: The Limes. Story of a border. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3406480187 , p. 65.
  7. ↑ Kurt Stade in: Ernst Fabricius , Felix Hettner , Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreiches (ORL). Section A, Volume III-IV, Section 6-9 (1933) p. 223.
  8. ↑ CIL 13, 6590 .
  9. ↑ CIL 13, 6591 .
  10. ↑ Andreas Kakoschke: Teutons in the foreign. A study of mobility from the Roman provinces Germania inferior and Germania superior based on the inscriptions from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD Bibliopolis, Möhnesee 2004, ISBN 3933925576 , p. 194.
  11. ^ Heinrich Lange: The coroplasty of the Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium. Investigations into typology, technology, workshop finds, companies, signatures and production time. In: Kölner Jahrbuch . Volume 27, Mann, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3786119007 , pp. 117–309, here: p. 151.
  12. ↑ Susanne Biegert, Johannes Lauber, Klaus Kortüm : potter's stamp on smooth sigillata from the front / western Limes. In: Find reports from Baden-Württemberg . 20, Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, 1995, pp. 547-666, here: p. 656.
  13. ↑ Susanne Biegert, Johannes Lauber, Klaus Kortüm : potter's stamp on smooth sigillata from the front / western Limes. In: Find reports from Baden-Wuerttemberg, 20th State Monument Authority, Baden-Wuerttemberg, 1995. pp. 547–666, here: p. 583 (redrawings of the Rinschheim stamps).
  14. ^ Willi Beck, Dieter Planck: The Limes in Southwest Germany . 2nd edition, Theiss, Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-8062-0242-7 , p. 43 (Fig.)
  15. ↑ ORL = numbering of the Limes structures according to the publication of the Reich Limes Commission on the O bergermanisch- R ätischen- L imes.
  16. ↑ KK = unnumbered K linseed K astell.
  17. ↑ Wp = W oh p east, watch tower. The number before the slash denotes the Limes section, the number after the slash denotes the respective watchtower.
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h Jürgen Obmann (Ed.): Limesentwicklungsplan Baden-Württemberg. Protection, development and research of the world heritage. State Office for Monument Preservation in the Stuttgart Regional Council, Esslingen 2007, p. 71.
  19. ^ Philipp Filtzinger, Dieter Planck, Bernhard Cämmerer (ed.): The Romans in Baden-Württemberg. Theiss, Stuttgart, Aalen 1976, ISBN 3806201331 , p. 374.
  20. ↑ Wp 8/8, stone tower, at 49 ° 30 '41.01 "  N , 9 ° 24' 2.04"  O .
  21. ↑ Wp 8/9, stone tower at about 49 ° 30 '25.54 "  N , 9 ° 24' 8.38"  O .
  22. ↑ Wp 8/10 at approximately 49 ° 30 '14.29 "  N , 9 ° 24' 12.29"  O .
  23. ^ Ernst Fabricius in: Ernst Fabricius, Felix Hettner, Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreich . Section A, Volume 4. Lines 7 to 9, Otto Petters, Heidelberg, Berlin and Leipzig 1931. p. 15.
  24. ^ Ernst Fabricius in: Ernst Fabricius, Felix Hettner, Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreich . Department A, Volume 4. Lines 7 to 9, Otto Petters, Heidelberg, Berlin and Leipzig 1931. P. 90/91.
  25. ↑ Wp 8/11, stone tower, at 49 ° 29 '59.29 "  N , 9 ° 24' 17.71"  O .
  26. ↑ Wp 8/12 at approximately 49 ° 29 '48.54 "  N , 9 ° 24' 22.04"  O .
  27. ^ Ernst Fabricius in: Ernst Fabricius, Felix Hettner, Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreich . Section A, Volume 4. Lines 7 to 9, Otto Petters, Heidelberg, Berlin and Leipzig 1931. P. 91.
  28. ↑ Wp 8/13, stone tower, at 49 ° 29 '37.29 "  N , 9 ° 24' 25.71"  O .
  29. ↑ Wp 8/14 at approximately 49 ° 29 '26.01 "  N , 9 ° 24' 29.88"  O .
  30. ↑ Ernst Fabricius, Felix Hettner, Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreiches (ORL). Section A, Volume III-IV, Section 6-9 (1933) p. 92.
  31. ↑ Wp 8/15, stone tower, at 49 ° 29 '13.46 "  N , 9 ° 24' 34.79"  O .
  32. ↑ a b c d e f g h Jürgen Obmann (Ed.): Limesentwicklungsplan Baden-Württemberg. Protection, development and research of the world heritage. State Office for Monument Preservation in the Stuttgart Regional Council, Esslingen 2007, p. 72.
  33. ↑ Wp 8/16 at approximately 49 ° 28 '51.66 "  N , 9 ° 24' 42.9"  O .
  34. ↑ Wp 8/17 at approximately 49 ° 28 '42.78 "  N , 9 ° 24' 46.19"  O .
  35. ↑ Wp 8/18, stone tower, at 49 ° 28 '30.68 "  N , 9 ° 24' 50.61"  O .
  36. ^ Wilhelm Schleiermacher : The Roman Limes in Germany. An archaeological guide for road trips and hikes. Mann, Berlin 1967, p. 145.
  37. ↑ Britta Rabold: On the trail of the Limes. Investigation of a section of route 8 south of Osterburken. In: The Limes . 3rd year 2009, issue 1. German Limes Commission, Bad Homburg 2009, pp. 105–109, here: pp. 106, 108.
  38. ↑ Wp 8/19 at approximately 49 ° 28 '17.69 "  N , 9 ° 24' 55.52"  O .
  39. ↑ Wp 8/20, stone tower at about 49 ° 28 '4.49 "  N , 9 ° 25' 0.09"  O .
  40. ↑ Wp 8/21, stone tower, at 49 ° 27 '49.49 "  N , 9 ° 25' 5.29"  O .
  41. ↑ Wp 8/22 at approximately 49 ° 27 '39.67 "  N , 9 ° 25' 9.49"  O .
  42. ^ Ernst Fabricius in: Ernst Fabricius, Felix Hettner, Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreich . Section A, Volume 4. Lines 7 to 9, Otto Petters, Heidelberg, Berlin and Leipzig 1931. p. 95.
  43. ↑ Wp 8/23, stone tower, at 49 ° 27 '24.45 "  N , 9 ° 25' 15.17"  O .
  44. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Jürgen Obmann (Ed.): Limesentwicklungsplan Baden-Württemberg. Protection, development and research of the world heritage. State Office for Monument Preservation in the Stuttgart Regional Council, Esslingen 2007, p. 73.
  45. ↑ Wp 8/24 at approximately 49 ° 27 '15.41 "  N , 9 ° 25' 18.44"  O .
  46. ^ Ernst Fabricius in: Ernst Fabricius, Felix Hettner, Oscar von Sarwey (ed.): The Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes of the Roemerreich . Section A, Volume 4. Lines 7 to 9, Otto Petters, Heidelberg, Berlin and Leipzig 1931. p. 96.
  47. ↑ Wp 8/25, stone tower, at 49 ° 27 '1.7 "  N , 9 ° 25' 23.32"  O .
  48. ↑ "picket" Rear calving at 49 ° 26 '59.44 "  N , 9 ° 25' 24.49"  O .
  49. ↑ Wp 8/26, stone tower, at 49 ° 26 '42.65 "  N , 9 ° 25' 30.76"  O .
  50. ↑ Wp 8/27, stone tower, at 49 ° 26 '27.48 "  N , 9 ° 25' 36.35"  O .
  51. ↑ Wp 8/28 at approximately 49 ° 26 '11.2 "  N , 9 ° 25' 42.74"  O .
  52. ↑ Wp 8/29 at approximately 49 ° 25 '56.31 "  N , 9 ° 25' 48.21"  O .
  53. ↑ "picket" Salzberg at 49 ° 25 '52.13 "  N , 9 ° 25' 49.6"  O .
  54. ↑ Wp 8/30, stone tower, at 49 ° 25 '39.11 "  N , 9 ° 25' 54.55"  O .
  55. ↑ cohort fort Osterburken at 49 ° 25 '39.05 "  N , 9 ° 25' 25.11"  O .
  56. ↑ Annex Kastell Osterburken at 49 ° 25 '36.21 "  N , 9 ° 25' 27.97"  O .