Eldena Monastery (Elde)

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Eldena Monastery on a drawing from the 17th century

The Eldena Monastery was a Cistercian nunnery in Eldena in southwest Mecklenburg . The monastery, founded in the first half of the 13th century, acquired extensive property in the region in the following decades. The patron saint of the monastery was John the Baptist sancte Johannis baptiste (1333). After the Reformation , the monastery was secularized by a treaty between the last prioress Margarete von Pentz and Duke Ulrich von Mecklenburg . The monastery church burned down in 1830; part of its foundation walls were used for the local Johanneskirche, which was built afterwards .

location

Location of the monastery

The monastery was located in the southeast of Eldena, today the core of the municipality of the same name in the Ludwigslust-Parchim district in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The current village church was built in place of the old monastery church. The monastery owned lands in a number of surrounding villages.

history

Document from 1291, in which Bishop Konrad von Ratzeburg renewed the privileges of the monastery

In 1185 the right Elbe part of the county of Dannenberg was awarded to the diocese of Ratzeburg . In the Hagenow Treaty of 1190, the agreements between the county and the diocese were specified. In the following years, both sides extended their rule to the Wendish lands of Jabel and Wehningen, and German settlers leased land there.

In Eldena, Bishop Gottschalk von Ratzeburg founded a Cistercian monastery according to the rules of St. Benedict . In later literature it was referred to as both a Cistercian and Benedictine monastery . The mother monastery was the Amelungsborn monastery . The exact year of the foundation is not known, as the foundation letter was destroyed in the fire of the first monastery building in 1290. What is certain is that the founding of the monastery can be dated to the time in office of Bishop Gottschalk between 1228 and 1235.

The oldest surviving document from August 10, 1259 shows that Count Adolf von Dannenberg gave an annual share of two wispels of malt from the Dömitz mill to the Eldena monastery. In 1290 the monastery was destroyed in a fire but rebuilt. In 1291, Bishop Konrad von Ratzeburg and the Ratzeburg Cathedral Chapter as well as the Counts of Dannenberg renewed the privileges of the monastery. All churches between Sude and Elde as well as other lands near Wittenburg , Gadebusch and Grevesmühlen were subordinate to the Archdeaconate Eldena .

In 1307, Duke Rudolf I of Saxony gave the monastery the salt works in the nearby town of Conow . Until 1328 the whole place Conow became the property of the monastery. In the years that followed, the monastery continued to grow in power. His sphere of influence extended beyond the Mecklenburg area to the states of Lüneburg , Lenzen and Perleberg .

By the beginning of the 16th century, the monastery lost its influence again, the property mainly included the places in the vicinity. In 1527 the then prioress Antonia von Winterfeld complained that the Conower Saline had been sold to the Mecklenburg dukes without respecting the property rights of the monastery. In 1515 another fire destroyed the main building of the monastery, during which time Heinrich Möller was provost.

West side of the monastery, drawing from the 17th century

The last provost of Eldena was from 1529 the Canon of Stendal Joachim von Jetze . Von Jetze was Chancellor Duke Albrecht VII and a bitter opponent of the Reformation. In 1537 the monastery was also reformed; It was previously reported that "as early as 1535 the nuns longingly asked for an evangelical preacher":

“Jungfrawen asked the vogt to grabaw, he sold vns to send you. All young people beg for the reyne word of god and the right use of the sacraments for reasons of yre's heart and complain almost highly that they have no evangelical preacher, bytten diligently E. g. vmb eynen honest, eltlichten, guetten predicanten, who provide sy with lere and right usage of the sacraments konde. Thereupon dy priorin sampt gave the whole collection to me eynen brieff, E. g. therefore to arrive. Yr predicant, confessor, messholder, are all hypocrites and self-murderers and nobody will appear for us. "

- contemporary text, quoted by Friedrich Lisch
Johanneskirche with the surrounding walls of the monastery church that burned down in 1835

In 1547 Joachim von Jetze was deposed together with the Eldena pastor Dietrich and in 1556 the monastery was secularized. Two years later, Duke Ulrich von Mecklenburg concluded an agreement with the prioress of the monastery, Margarethe von Pentz, not to accept any new nuns.

There is no exact number of nuns in the monastery. The directory from 1578 names the names of 54 nuns, but this is a list drawn from memory by Anna Weisin with names who have lived in the monastery over the past decades.

The dissolution of the monastery took place in 1588. After secularization, Eldena became the seat of a Mecklenburg ducal office that administered the monastery’s former property. The first administrator of the monastery property was called Jakob Wolder. The so-called Wantzeberger , the villages on the Wanzeberg west of Eldena and a number of other places east and south of Eldena belonged to the Amt Eldena. From 1734 to 1787 the office of Eldena was pledged to Prussia .

Buildings

House Altonaer Straße 2a on the old vaulted cellar of the monastery.

The entire monastery complex was redesigned several times after the Reformation. With the exception of individual parts of the church, no buildings from the time of the monastery have been preserved. Confirmed knowledge about the appearance of the monastery in the Middle Ages can neither be derived from the building stock nor from the early modern descriptions. The news of the fire in the monastery in the confirmation document of Bishop Conrad I from 1291 also contains a reference to the buildings affected by it. From this it can be concluded that the first church and possibly also the entire original monastery complex were built from wood. The brick building, which forms the core of today's church, was not built until around 1300 after the fire.

In 1718 the rectory, the school house, the church tower and other buildings were destroyed in a fire, and many old documents were burned. Another fire, the largest fire in Eldena's history, also destroyed the building of the monastery church in 1835. Instead of the destroyed church, a single - nave neo-Gothic church with a stately west tower was built. The walls of the original, also single-nave, Gothic brick building were included in the construction. For Friedrich Lisch , an oversized round-arched frieze on the upper edge of the preserved walls was "the only thing remarkable about the church for the history of architecture and the monastery". The ogival windows, which Lisch characterized as "already wide and ogival, but not yet beautiful and bold", also belonged to the expansion of the 19th century. Nothing has been preserved from the interior of the original monastery church.

Traces of adjacent buildings and entrances indicate that the cloister was on the south side of the church. The exam was probably canceled as early as 1600. No further relics of the monastery could be found in the 19th century. A vaulted cellar of the monastery is mentioned on the list of monuments of the Ludwigslust-Parchim district. It is located under the house at Altonaer Straße 2a. The cellar under the building, also known as "Kreih" (crow), may have been part of the monastery brewery. The basement gates, now walled up, were so big that a full hay cart could drive into the basement.

Provosts and prioresses

View of St. John's Church from the southwest

The prioress ( priorissa ) was the spiritual director of the monastery . The provost was responsible for secular management and legal administration . He was elected by the convent and installed by the Ratzeburg bishop.

Prioresses

Names and years indicate the documented mention as prioress.

  • 1329-1330 Eylika
  • 1341–1348 Wybe (Wycburgis)
  • 1370 0000Alheyt Lassan
  • 1348 Gertrud Gerdes
  • 1350–1372 Gertrud von Halberstadt
  • 1375–1382 Gertrud von Halberstadt
  • 1379 0000Mechthild Chapel
  • 1390 0000Dylinane
  • 1392 0000Katherina Ploten
  • 1416–1431 Abele von Pentze
  • 1442 0000Heseke pieces
  • 1457–1464 Elisabeth Lutzowe
  • 1468-1477 Elisabeth Restorp
  • 1505 0000Beca Ritzerow
  • 1515 0000Anna Streseke
  • 1522 0000Antonia (von) Lützow
  • 1525 0000Antonia (von) Winterfeld
  • 1529 0000Anna (von) Schack
  • 1548–1558 Margarete von Pentz
  • 1578 0000Anna Weisin (acting)

Chambermaids

Curators

  • 1346 Helene
  • 1346 Ludgard Wackerbeck

Scholastica

  • 1346 Adelheid von Lassan

Toast

Names and years indicate the verifiable mention as provost.

  • 1241 0000 Hinricus (Heinrich)
  • 1277-1295 John
  • 1321 0000 Werner
  • 1325–1334 Rose, Rödiger (Rodingerus)
  • 1339–1340 Hinricus Thune (Thun), mentioned again in 1348.
  • 1341 0000Thidericus (Dietrich)
  • 1343 0000Hermann
  • 1345–1348 Hinricus Munt (Heinrich Munt)
  • 1349–1369 Heinrich Kolbow (pastor in Conow since 1347)
  • 1369–1380 Albert Conow (also Chancellor under Duke Albrecht II )
  • 1389 0000babes
  • 1392 0000Hermann Valke
  • 1400–1414 Ulrich von Lützow
  • 1431–1447 Bertholdus van Dytten (Ditten)
  • 1451–1481 Werner Gesevitze
  • 1481–1483 Werner Reuentlow
  • 1483–1485 Hermannus Sluter (previously vicar in Dannenberg)
  • 1504–1529 Hinrich Moller (afterwards canon in Güstrow)
  • 1529–1547 Joachim von Jetze (was the youngest canon in Stendal in 1512)
  • 1548 0000Heinrich Moller (acting)

seal

Seal of the Convent of Eldena

The seal of the convent is documented from 1282/85 to 1515. The round 5.7 centimeter large convent seal is preserved on a document from 1345. It shows an Agnus Dei looking backwards with a halo and the banner of the Baptist. The inscription reads: S 'SCI IOHANNIS BAPTISTE IN ELDENA. On the lapel of 1515 there is also a secretion seal in the form of a monogram.

The prioresses and provosts had individual seals, few have been preserved. The pointed oval seal with the inscription HINRICI COLBOW PREPOSITI IN ELDENA by Heinrich Kolbow is on the documents of August 29, 1365, February 1, 1368 and March 8, 1369. Albert Conow carried a pointed oval seal on October 14, 1369. The picture shows St. Catherine with wheel and sword. Hermann Valke's oval seal is documented in 1392. The picture shows John the Baptist and the Agnus Dei, including the St. John eagle in the three passport. A round, badly damaged seal by Bertold von Ditten is documented in 1447. A round seal from Heinrich Möller is documented in 1515.

literature

  • GCB Ackermann : Antiquities of the church at Eldena in Mecklenburg. In: New monthly by and for Mecklenburg. 5, Schwerin 1796, pp. 167-169.
  • Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. III. Volume: The district court districts of Hagenow, Wittenburg, Boizenburg, Lübenheen, Dömitz, Grabow, Ludwigslust, Neustadt, Crivitz, Brüel, Warin, Neubukow, Kröpelin and Doberan. Schwerin 1899, ISBN 3-910179-14-2 , pp. 192-200.
  • H. Schnell: The education system of the Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Strelitz. Volume 3, Berlin 1909.
  • Karl Schmaltz : Church history Mecklenburg. Volume 1-3, Schwerin 1935-1952.
  • Ursula Creutz: Bibliography of the former monasteries and monasteries in the area of ​​the diocese of Berlin, the episcopal office of Schwerin and adjacent areas. St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 1988, pp. 390-293.
  • David Franck : Old and New Mecklenburg. Volume 1–19, Güstrow / Leipzig 1753–1758, I. Book 4, pp. 18, 126, II. Book 6, pp. 99, 160.
  • Raimund Staecker: From the history of the community Eldena. To celebrate its 700th anniversary. In: Mecklenburgisches monthly magazine. 5, Rostock 1929, pp. 302-304.
  • Hans Ulrich Thee: Eldena in the old days. In: 750 Years of Eldena 1229–1979. Eldena 1979.
  • Eldena, district of Ludwigslust. In: Helge bei der Wieden , Roderich Schmidt (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 12: Mecklenburg / Pomerania (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 315). Kröner, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-520-31501-7 , p. 25.
  • Georg Dehio : Eldena, district Ludwigslust. In: Handbook of German Art Monuments, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Munich / Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-422-03128-9 .
  • Fred Ruchhöft : Eldena (Elde). Monastery of S. John the Baptist (Ordo Sancti Benedicti / Benedictine Sisters). In: Wolfgang Huschner , Ernst Münch , Cornelia Neustadt, Wolfgang Eric Wagner: Mecklenburg monastery book. Manual of the monasteries, monasteries, comers and priories. (10th / 11th - 16th century). Volume I, Rostock 2016, ISBN 978-3-356-01514-0 , pp. 301-315.

swell

Unprinted sources

  • State Main Archive Schwerin
    • LHAS 1.5-4 / 5 Eldena monastery documents.
    • LHAS 2.12-3 / 2 Monasteries and orders of knights. Secularized monasteries and monasteries, Benedictine monastery Eldena.
    • LHAS 2.12-3 / 5 church visits.
    • LHAS 2.22-10 / 12 Domanialamt Grabow-Eldena.

Printed sources

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Marina cap: The time of the monastery. In: Eldena community (ed.): Chronicle Eldena 1229-2004. CW Verlagsgruppe, Schwerin 2004, pp. 12–13.
  2. ↑ a b c d Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: The Church of Eldena. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 10, 1845, pp. 307-308. (on-line)
  3. ↑ a b c Hans Ulrich Thee: Eldena in old times. In: Council of the Eldena community (ed.): 750 years Eldena 1229–1979. 1979, p. 9.
  4. ^ A b Gustav Hempel: Geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the Mecklenburg country. Hinstorffsche Hofbuchhandlung, Parchim / Ludwigslust 1837, p. 530.
  5. ↑ Ursula Creutz: Eldena ad Elde, Schwerin district Ludwigslust district. In: Bibliography of the former monasteries and monasteries in the area of ​​the Diocese of Berlin, the episcopal office of Schwerin and adjacent areas. (= Studies on the history of the Catholic diocese and monastery ). Leipzig 1988, ISBN 3-7462-0163-2 , p. 390.
  6. ↑ MUB III. (1865) No. 2118.
  7. ↑ MUB I. (1863) No. 845.
  8. ↑ a b Hans Ulrich Thee: Eldena in old times. In: Council of the Eldena community (ed.): 750 years Eldena 1229–1979. 1979, p. 11.
  9. ↑ MUB III. (1865) No. 2118.
  10. ↑ Hans Ulrich Thee: Eldena in old times. In: Council of the Eldena community (ed.): 750 years Eldena 1229–1979. 1979, p. 10.
  11. ^ A b c Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Older history of the Saline zu Conow. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 11, 1846, pp. 123-140. (on-line)
  12. ↑ a b Hans Ulrich Thee: Eldena in old times. In: Council of the Eldena community (ed.): 750 years Eldena 1229–1979. 1979, p. 12.
  13. ^ A b Georg Christian Friedrich Lisch: Joachim von Jetze as provost to Eldena. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology. Volume 26, 1861, pp. 20-22. (on-line)
  14. ↑ Friedrich Lisch : About the Protestant Church Visitaion from 1535. In: Yearbooks of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Archeology . Volume 8, Schwerin 1843, p. 49, (online)
  15. ↑ a b Hans Ulrich Thee: Eldena in old times. In: Council of the Eldena community (ed.): 750 years Eldena 1229–1979. 1979, pp. 14-15.
  16. ↑ LHAS 1.5-4 / 5 documents, Eldena monastery No. 179.
  17. ↑ Hans Ulrich Thee: Eldena in old times. In: Council of the Eldena community (ed.): 750 years Eldena 1229–1979. 1979, p. 25.
  18. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: Eldena (Elde) Monastery of S. John the Baptist. 2016, p. 310.
  19. ↑ MUB III. (1865) No. 2118.
  20. ↑ Hans Ulrich Thee: Eldena in old times. In: Council of the Eldena community (ed.): 750 years Eldena 1229–1979. 1979, pp. 27-28.
  21. ↑ a b c Georg Dehio - Handbook of German Art Monuments Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-422-03081-6 , p. 128.
  22. ↑ List of monuments of the Ludwigslust-Parchim district, as of March 2018, online .
  23. ↑ De "Kreih". In: Council of the Eldena community (ed.): 750 years Eldena 1229–1979. 1979, p. 41.
  24. ↑ LHAS 1.5-4 / 5 documents, Eldena monastery # 168.
  25. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: Eldena (Elde) Monastery of S. John the Baptist. 2016, p. 305.
  26. ↑ Wolf Lüdeke von Weltzien: Die von Halberstadt 1266 to 1788. 1989, p. 105.
  27. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: Eldena (Elde) Monastery of S. John the Baptist . 2016, p. 305.
  28. ↑ LHAS 2.12-3 / 2 Monasteries and orders of knights. No. 11, marriage to Anna Stanger.
  29. ↑ LHAS 2.12-3 / 2 Monasteries and orders of knights. No. 6, correspondence, No. 9, complaint by Provost Heinrich Möller due to arrears.
  30. ↑ MUB III. (1865) no.1653.
  31. ↑ MUB IX. (1875) No. 6509, MUB XV. (1890) No. 9389.
  32. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: Eldena (Elde) Monastery of S. John the Baptist. 2016, pp. 312-313.
  33. ↑ Fred Ruchhöft: Eldena (Elde) Monastery of S. John the Baptist. 2016, pp. 312-313.


Coordinates: 53 ° 13 ′ 41 ″  N , 11 ° 25 ′ 39 ″  E