Hausen Monastery
| Hausen Monastery | |
|---|---|
 Hausen Monastery in Bad Kissingen |
|
| location |
 Germany
|
| Lies in the diocese | Wurzburg |
| Coordinates: | 50 ° 13 '46.9 " N , 10 ° 4' 0.5" E |
| Patronage | Holy cross |
| founding year | (probably before) 1161 by Premonstratensian women |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1581 |
| Mother monastery | Oberzell Monastery |
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The convent Hausen is a former Premonstratensian - pen in Hausen in Bad Kissingen . It belongs to the Bad Kissingen architectural monuments and is registered together with the associated monastery church “ Heilig-Kreuz ” under the number D-6-72-114-186 in the Bavarian list of monuments .
history
Emergence
The monastery consecrated to the Holy Cross was founded by Count Heinrich von Henneberg. The first known documentary mention of the monastery comes from the year 1161. It does not contain an exact date, as it does not document the actual foundation, but only confirms an earlier legal transaction. City and district home keeper Werner Eberth limits the actual time of origin of the monastery to the time between 1141 (time of origin of the monastery Veßra , whose abbot was temporarily subordinate to the monastery Hausen) and 1161 and estimates the year 1150.
middle Ages
Count Heinrich von Henneberg had acquired the town of Hausen from Eberhard von Bamberg in exchange for the villages of Heyden and Hircendorf. After the foundation, Heinrich von Henneberg handed the monastery over to the diocese of Würzburg under Prince-Bishop Heinrich II von Stühlingen .
In 1250 an extensive donation of land was made to the Hausen monastery. It was initially a subsidiary of the Oberzell Abbey near Würzburg, but in the 13th century it was temporarily subject to its abbot as part of a visitation right by the Veßra Abbey. The monastery had the right to exercise lower jurisdiction in the village of Hausen .
The property probably housed a convent school that was supposed to train girls to become nuns and was headed first by a magistra (the last known name of a magistra dates back to 1465), then by a prioress (first known name of a prioress: 1518). The monastery school was comparable to today's secondary school, possibly even today's grammar school, and was connected to a boarding school.
It is possible that the monastery church was built at the same time as the monastery was founded. The first known documentary mention of the monastery church comes from the year 1272; The name of the church as "ecclesia sanctae crucis" ("Church of the Holy Cross") is handed down in a document from the Teutonic Order of Munich from 1272 .
An order from Emperor Charles IV of August 8, 1356 to the Bishop of Würzburg to protect the Hausen Monastery against the attacks by the brothers Karl and Mangold von Ostheim indicates that the monastery has already been almost completely integrated into the Würzburg Monastery was.
Modern times
In the peasant revolt of 1525 Hausen was devastated. The nuns found refuge in the Oberzell monastery ; his abbot Georg von Oberzell rebuilt the Hausen monastery. A little later the Hausen monastery was hit hard again, on the one hand in the Second Margrave War (1552/1553) and on the other hand in the Grumbachschen Handel (1565).
A secular monastery administrator is documented for the first time in 1556. With the permission of Pope Gregory XIII. In 1581 the monastery came under the administration of the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg under Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , with all of its assets, especially its forest holdings in the form of the Klauswald . This corresponds to the dissolution of the monastery; the last recorded prioress was Ottilie (from?) forester.
After devastation in the Thirty Years War (1618–1648), the monastery was rebuilt in 1681 under Peter Philipp von Dernbach ; the monastery church was rebuilt under Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn and designed under the Prince-Bishops Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths and Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn . The extensive forest property of the monastery is still a state forest today (Klauswald).
Until 1821 the facility was under the administration of the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg and then became state property. In 1837 the state sold the monastery property (excluding the church) to the Jewish baron Joel von Hirsch, who in 1847 sold the property on to 28 local farmers (as it is said, he was compelled to do so because a monk in a white habit appeared to him, the According to legend, has been walking in the monastery building since the prehistoric times).
In 1860, the Kissingen district judge, Count Friedrich von Luxburg, bought the monastery buildings for the Kissingen district and set up a “Kath. Marienpflege rescue center for the neglected girls in the Bad Kissingen district ”. In 1942 the National Socialists converted this into a “district children's home” for children from all over the Third Reich . In 1959 the district children's home was dissolved.
During the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 , Bavarian soldiers found accommodation in Hausen Monastery, which was looted by Prussian soldiers after they had withdrawn.
After the Maria Stern Sisters from Augsburg took over responsibility for the monastery, a children's institution was set up on the ground floor in 1894. In 1960 the children's home was closed.
After the closure of the children's home, the Bad Kissingen district relocated the district retirement home, which had been housed in Massbach Castle, to the Hausen monastery. In 1962 the monastery church was transferred by the state to the parish of Hausen. In 1976 the old people's home was closed and its operations were relocated to Münnerstadt . The monastery building has since been used as an office of the Bad Kissingen district office. In 1990 the plan of the Vietnamese Cistercian monks to move into the Hausen monastery was soon dashed.
As a result, the local pastor and Bad Kissingen dean Georg Hirschbrich created the small Cardinal Döpfner Museum in the monastery as a memorial to the well-known cardinal on the 25th anniversary of the death of Cardinal Julius Döpfner from Hausen (July 24, 2001) .
Monastery church "Holy Cross"
history
The first known documentary mention of the monastic Holy Cross Church comes from the year 1250; The name of the church as "ecclesia sanctae crucis" ("Church of the Holy Cross") is handed down in a document from the Teutonic Order of Munich from 1272 .
Under the Würzburg Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn , the church was repaired together with the monastery, which is reminiscent of an inscription plaque with a coat of arms in the left aisle of the church. A coat of arms in the west portal shows a renewal of the church under the prince-bishops Johann Philipp von Greiffenclau zu Vollraths and Johann Philipp Franz von Schönborn in the first quarter of the 18th century; The church's floor plan, which is unusual for a baroque church, suggests that the renovation is based on the previous building of the church.
In 1821 the church and the monastery became state property. It has been owned by the Hausen Parish Church Foundation since 1962. In 1988 the church was renovated.
Furnishing
The east-facing church has a cruciform floor plan. The choir is like the arms of the transept just closed. The equipment of the church is uniform and was created during the construction of the church under the Würzburg prince-bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn .
The altars in the monastery church are heavy stucco marble altars, which were probably created by Kilian Staufer. All three altars are constructed in the same way with columned aedicules, the aedicules of the main altar being more richly crowned and equipped with open, protruding side yokes with figures of saints. The altarpiece of the main altar shows the erection of the cross. On the left side altar is a depiction of the Innsbruck miraculous image of Mariahilf after Lucas Cranach the Elder , while the right main altar depicts St. Antony of Padua shows.
The organ dates from 1680 and is located in an organ gallery with a baluster railing on two Corinthian pillars made of sandstone .
The coat of arms in the left aisle of the church in memory of the church redesign by Prince-Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn is designed in the style of the early Renaissance . It is very likely that it was originally on the outside of the church, probably on the west facade. The text of the coat of arms is written in the ancient meter of the distichon , which, together with the elaborate design of the memorial plaque, indicates that the monastery church was very important to the prince-bishop.
The painted way of the cross of the church was created in the middle of the 18th century and is labeled "IASCH.BCH".
On the north wall of the church there is a memorial to Cardinal Julius Döpfner, who was born in Hausen .
literature
- Werner Eberth : Chronicle of the parish Heilig Kreuz Hausen . In: 100 Years of the Catholic Workers' Movement in Hausen 1896-1996 , Bad Kissingen 1996
- Denis André Chevalley, Stefan Gerlach: City of Bad Kissingen (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume VI.75 / 2 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-87490-577-2 , p. 128-130 .
- Georg Dehio : Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Bavaria I: Franconia: The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia: BD I , Deutscher Kunstverlag Munich Berlin, 2nd, revised and supplemented edition, 1999, ISBN 3-422-03051 -4 , p. 431f.
- 850 Years of Hausen Monastery , in: Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 3. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2011, pp. 14–30
- Werner Eberth: Prince-Bishop Julius Echter and his building inscriptions - A PR gag of the 17th century , Theresienbrunnen-Verlag Bad Kissingen, 2017, p. 34f.
Web links
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Hausen Monastery , basic data and history:
Erich Schneider: Hausen - destroyed by the Peasants' War and the nobility feud in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History - "What was left of the monastery - 850 years: Jubilee in Hausen" , article from April 28, 2011 in the " Main-Post "
- Twelve ringing of the bells on Bavarian radio
Individual evidence
- ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 1. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2009, p. 75
- ^ A b Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 3. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2011, pp. 14-19
- ↑ State Archives Würzburg, Würzburg Documents 36
- ^ Werner Eberth : Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 3. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2011, p. 19
- ^ A b c Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 3. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2011, pp. 22-24
- ↑ a b State Archives Würzburg, German Order, Coming Münnerstadt documents 1272, old storage location: Würzburg documents 82/17; Würzburg documents 4342
- ^ Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 3. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2011, p. 27
- ↑ a b c d e Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 3. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2011, p. 28
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Werner Eberth: Contributions to the history of Hausen and Kleinbrach , Volume 3. Theresienbrunnen-Verlag, Bad Kissingen 2011, p. 29
- ^ Publik-Forum , Volume 30, 2001
- ↑ Presentation on the website kardinal-doepfner.de ( web archive ( Memento from October 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ))
- ↑ Hirschbrich had three points of contact with Döpfner: 1. As Bishop of Würzburg , Döpfner gave confirmation in 1948 in Sonneberg near Hirschbrich (source: Karin Reinshagen: At home in Hausen: Pastor Georg Hirschbrich is 70 , see literature ). 2. Like Hirschbrich, Döpfner had been a boarding school student at the Kilianeum. 3. Hirschbrich had worked as a pastor in Döpfner's birthplace Hausen for 35 years.
- ↑ Werner Eberth: Prince-Bishop Julius Echter and his building inscriptions - A PR gag of the 17th century , Theresienbrunnen-Verlag Bad Kissingen, 2017, p. 34f.