Klostermühle (Münsterschwarzach)
| Monastery mill
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 Today the former mill is used as a living area for the monks |
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| Location and history | ||
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| Coordinates | 49 ° 48 '21 " N , 10 ° 13' 50" E | |
| Location |
 Germany
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| Waters | Schwarzach , Castellbach | |
| Built | “Clostermühl” in the High Middle Ages, 1744–1749 / 1750 Balthasar Neumann's baroque mill | |
| Shut down | In 1803 shut down as a flour mill, continued to be used as a paper mill | |
| Status | Mill technology removed and building converted | |
| technology | ||
| use | Flour mill | |
| drive | Watermill | |
| water wheel | overshot waterwheel | |
The Klostermühle (also Clostermühl, Barockmühle) is a former grain mill in Münsterschwarzach in Lower Franconia . It stands on an artificially created mill stream, which combines the water of the Schwarzach and Castellbach rivers. After the mill was built in the High Middle Ages to supply the Münsterschwarzach Abbey with flour, Balthasar Neumann built a new building in the 18th century, which was the last to survive the destruction of secularization. In the 19th century, the third paper mill in Germany was built in the mill, operated by the Koenig und Bauer company .
history
The "Clostermühl" of the Middle Ages (until 1743)
The monastery mill of the Münsterschwarzach Abbey has existed here since the High Middle Ages . The so-called Mühlbach combines the water of the Schwarzach and Castellbach tributaries, which flow into the Main at a short distance between Münsterschwarzach and Stadtschwarzach . This Mühlbach was mentioned for the first time in 1251. The "Clostermühl" was shown on several illustrations. The monastery village of Sommerach had its grain ground in the monastery mill.
Balthasar Neumann's baroque mill (until 1750)
As early as the end of the 17th century, the abbots of Münsterschwarzach pushed for the new construction of the monastery buildings, which at that time were largely of Romanesque origin. By 1703, the master builder Valentino Pezani rebuilt the guest wing and the convent wing in the Baroque style. The Münsterschwarzach monks then planned to rebuild the monastery church. The baroque monastery church was built between 1727 and 1743 according to plans by Balthasar Neumann. It could be consecrated on September 8, 1743.
The mill was already visible on an engraving made by Balthasar Gutwein for the consecration of the church. Probably there were the first considerations to rebuild the farm buildings of the monastery, even before the completion of the church. Originally the builder Balthasar Neumann planned the mill on the south bank of the Schwarzach, later the plant was moved to the north side of the river.
The first preliminary drawings from Neumann's hand were made between 1743 and 1744. The connection to the other monastery buildings was to be established via a bridge , which at times was even planned with a roof. A second draft by Neumann is referred to in the literature as the "mill lock". It contained three -story pavilions with sweeping mansard roofs that framed a two-story central building.
The final execution was then less castle-like. Construction began just four months after the church was consecrated and consisted of two sections. First the eastern half of the mill was raised, then work began on the adjoining rooms. Shell limestones were brought to the construction site from Eulenberg, sandstone was quarried in the Abtswind quarries . Trees were cut down in the monastery forests in Stadelschwarzach and Reupelsdorf , clay came from the Hallburg .
Balthasar Neumann only stayed in Münsterschwarzach in March, May and July 1744 and in August 1745 to supervise the construction. He had probably entrusted the construction management to Johann Adam Stahr from Gerlachshausen . This craftsman also completed the Holy Trinity Church in Gaibach for Neumann and possibly also built the Egidius Church in his home town of Gerlachshausen. Heinrich Stahler from Wiesentheider could be won over for the portal.
In the summer of 1747 the vault could be pulled in. The outbuildings were the next to be completed: the mill housed a bakery , a council chamber and a large, paved riding stable. Balthasar Neumann did without the technical equipment of the mill building. The Münsterschwarzach monks hired the so-called mill doctor Philipp Thaler from Erlangen in Ansbach . In 1750 the mill could be started.
The paper mill in the mill (1828–1894)
After the monastery was dissolved in 1803, the monastery buildings were given into private hands. On July 12, 1804, Jakob von Hirsch received the property, before Jakob Crellinger from Hanover became the new owner in 1805 . After further changes of ownership followed in the following years, the area was more and more fragmented. In 1825 the entrepreneur Andreas Friedrich Bauer from Oberzell received the monastery mill from Joel Jakob von Hirsch. He had bought it for 18,000 guilders.
Bauer planned to set up a branch of his print shop on the site. It was entered in the commercial register on June 17, 1825. In 1827 Bauer bought a large garden with a water reservoir. It took the time up to 1828 to procure the necessary machines, then operations could begin. A total of 80 to 100 craftsmen were employed. Bauer's business partner Friedrich Koenig planned to use the company to boost sales from his paper press.
Many old textiles were brought to Münsterschwarzach by so-called rag collectors in order to press them in the factory. The factory produced paper for the Bayerische Staatszeitung , the Heller-Magazin , the Hamburger Korrespondenz , the British Bible Society and many others. Germany's first continuous paper was also produced there. In 1863 the factory was sold by Koenig und Bauer.
According to a notarial deed of October 27, 1863, the Frankfurt trading company Rohm und Heller became the new owner for a total of 52,000 guilders . Already in 1875 the factory came to Johann Wilhelm August Adolf Braun and Karl Albert Moritz Leistner from Görlitz . From 1881 Braun was the sole owner. Several changes of ownership followed in quick succession: In 1883 the paper mill was in the hands of Louis Mayer from Lorch . He had bought the area for 100,000 marks.
After its bankruptcy, the company H. Stern from Kitzingen bought the company. The couple Herrmann and Berta Felsing from Frankfurt owned the factory between 1890 and 1891 before they gave way to the couple Karl and Margaretha Burg, also from Frankfurt. Again it came to bankruptcy. Michael Vornberger from Würzburg emerged as the new owner from the auction . Theodor Arens, who had already acquired other parts of the monastery, also bought the paper mill in 1894 and tore out the machines.
Resettlement of the abbey (until today)
On July 31, 1913, the monks of the Congregation of the Missionary Benedictines of St. Ottilien repopulated the abbey. At that time the mill wheel was still there in the mill. In 1914, the monks divided the mill's premises and set up a kitchen and pantry here. After the outbreak of World War I , the other buildings could not be refurbished and the monks converted the mill into a new apartment in 1915.
Architecture and technology
The monastery mill was built by Balthasar Neumann between 1744 and 1749. It was a two-storey structure with a total of 13 axes on the long side. The narrow side was significantly smaller with only three window axes. The mill building had a rich pilaster structure and ended with a sweeping mansard roof . When the mill was commissioned, the building had not been plastered.
The richly designed north side faced the monastery. Here the window frames were profiled and a rocaille portal with the coat of arms of the Schwarzach abbot Christophorus Balbus was attached. It was probably created by the Wiesentheid sculptor Heinrich Stahler, as this fine work exceeded the arts of Johann Adam Stahr and Stahler appeared in the monastery accounts in 1749. In 1960 the badly weathered abtwappen was renewed by the monastery workshop.
The mill was spanned with a barrel vault, which was completed in the summer of 1747. The actual mill rooms with the mill and the overshot mill wheel were originally to be found in the east, while the utility rooms were set up in the west. In 1914, the Münsterschwarzacher monks drew in a partition and changed the original division of the mill room.
literature
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
- Franziskus Büll: The Monastery Suuarzaha. A contribution to the history of the Münsterschwarzach women's monastery from 788 (?) To 877 (?) (= Münsterschwarzacher Studien Vol. 42) . Münsterschwarzach 1992.
- Wilfried Hausmann: Balthasar Neumann . Cologne 2 2003.
- Sales Heß: The Mühlbau von Münsterschwarzach (1744–1749) . In: Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kunst 35 . Würzburg 1983. Würzburg 1983. pp. 49-51.
- Fritz Mägerlein: From the economic life of the Kitzinger Land in the 19th century . In: District Administrator and District Council of the District of Kitzingen: District of Kitzingen . Münsterschwarzach 1984. pp. 147-158.
- Johannes Mahr: Münsterschwarzach - 1200 years of a Franconian abbey (= Münsterschwarzacher studies, vol. 49) . Münsterschwarzach 2002.
- Erich Schneider: Balthasar Neumann's monastery mill in Münsterschwarzach . In: Hanswernfried Muth (ed.): Old Franconian pictures and coat of arms calendar. 86 year, 1987 . Würzburg 1987. p. 8 u. 13-14.
- Erika Stadler: On the trail of Volkach's town mills . In: Ute Feuerbach (Ed.): Our Main Loop. 1978-1992 . Volkach 2008. pp. 279-291.
- Eleutherius Stellwag: The end of the old Münsterschwarzach. Edited and edited by Basilius Doppelfeld (= Münsterschwarzacher Studien Vol. 33) . Münsterschwarzach 1980.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Büll, Franziskus: Das Monasterium Suuarzaha . P. 20.
- ↑ Stadler, Erika: In the footsteps of the Volkach town mills . P. 291.
- ^ Schneider, Erich: Balthasar Neumanns Klostermühle . P. 8.
- ↑ Heß, Sales: The Mühlbau von Münsterschwarzach . P. 50.
- ^ Schneider, Erich: Balthasar Neumanns Klostermühle . P. 14.
- ↑ Stellwag, Eleutherius: The end of the old Munster black wax . P. 102.
- ↑ Stellwag, Eleutherius: The end of the old Munster black wax . P. 103.
- ↑ Mägerlein, Fritz: From the economic life of the country Kitzinger . P. 151 f.
- ↑ Mahr, Johannes: Münsterschwarzach . P. 64.
- ↑ Mahr, Johannes: Münsterschwarzach . P. 66.
- ^ Hausmann, Wilfried: Balthasar Neumann . P. 223.
- ^ Schneider, Erich: Balthasar Neumanns Klostermühle in Münsterschwarzach . P. 14.
- ^ Bauer, Hans: District of Kitzingen . P. 125.