Kniestedt (Salzgitter)

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Kniestedt is a former village in the area of ​​the city of Salzgitter , which was incorporated into today's district of Salzgitter-Bad in 1938 . The place, first mentioned in documents in 1209, was the headquarters of the noble family of the same name until the 19th century .

Kniestedter Church in Salzgitter-Bad

Place name and time of foundation

The basic word -stedt of the place name stands for place in the Germanic language area . In the area of Eastern Westphalia it was used in many cases to form place names. Some of the founding places of this name are dated to the pre-Franconian period . It is assumed that Kniestedt was first settled at this time, as is indicated by finds from the Roman Empire , which were found during excavations at the site of the earliest settlement of Kniestedt.

The base word of the place name is derived from the Old Saxon word knio , which means something like angle or bend. On the one hand, this can refer to the location of the place on a stream that runs in many turns in the local area. On the other hand, it can also refer to the location in a forest, known as Kneien , which closed off the place in a large arc to the north.

The oldest known written mention of the place is more recent and dates from June 6, 1209. It is a document from the then Pope Innocent III. , in which the nearby Ringelheim Monastery is placed under his protection and his possessions in 60 surrounding villages are confirmed. Five hooves in Kinistide , the name of the place at the time, are also listed. Other early spellings for the place name are z. B. Cnistede (1221), 1271 a Conradus de Knistede is mentioned in a document and 1361 it is called Knystede. In 1548 the present name Kniestedt appears for the first time .

location

The origin of the village was on a fenced-in place between today's Kriemhildstrasse, Heinrich-Ahrens-Strasse and the Salzgitter-Bad army clinic. This is where the von Kniestedt family's ancestral home, later the “Oberhof”, and the “Mittelhof” stood. At the end of the 15th century, the first "Unterhof" was built, which was at the intersection of today's Breslauer and Braunschweiger Strasse. The second “Unterhof”, built from 1530 onwards, was located east of it on a previously vacant site next to the village church.

The district of the place reached in the south to the Warne , south of it still parts of the Vogelwinkel (today Schützenplatz von Salzgitter-Bad) and the Windmühlenberg belong to it. In the west the area extended to the Galberg (former Galberg shaft ) and the Finkelkuhle (old name for the opencast mine of the Finkenkuhle mine ), in the north to the forest area that formed the border between Kniestedt and Engerode . In the east, the area reached as far as the Fuchsbach, which flows into the Warne at the level of the Vosspass settlement .

history

In the Middle Ages, Kniestedt belonged to the Salzgau , which in turn belonged to the Hildesheim diocese founded by Ludwig the Pious in 815 . After the reorganization of the Principality of Hildesheim (the name of the worldly property of the diocese), Kniestedt belonged to the Liebenburg office from 1330 . After the end of the Hildesheim collegiate feud , the place fell to the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg in 1523 . In 1643 Hildesheim got back most of the former large monastery, including Kniestedt. After the incorporation of the Diocese of Hildesheim by Prussia on August 3, 1802, the Hochstift Hildesheim - and with it Kniestedt - fell to the Kingdom of Prussia. During the Napoleonic rule from 1807 to 1813, Kniestedt belonged to the Kingdom of Westphalia as a commune in the Salzgitter canton in the Goslar district in the Oker department ; the mayor of the canton was provided by the von Kniestedt family. From 1815 Kniestedt belonged again to the Kingdom of Hanover . This was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866. After the reorganization of the Prussian land order on March 6, 1884, the district of Goslar was formed from the city of Goslar and the districts of Liebenburg and Wöltingerode , to which Kniestedt belonged from now on.

Kniestedt received a railway connection in 1856 with the Börßum – Salzgitter – Kreiensen line. In the same year the station in Kniestedt was inaugurated. Today this is the Salzgitter-Bad train station. On August 12, 1900, the Bismarck Tower , which was still in the Kniestedter area, was inaugurated on Hamberg .

For the expansion of ore mining and the establishment of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring , large areas were required as building and settlement land from 1937 onwards. The affected owners had to cede their property and were compensated with replacement land. The Kniestedt estate and all its lands were also transferred to the property of the Reichswerke; the family of Count zu Munster moved to Hessen.

For the provision of housing was in 1937 for the miners of Finke hollow pit in the West Kniestedts the stock 1 built and in the north for the workers of Hannoversche pit loyalty the bearing 2 . At the beginning of 1938 the construction of housing estates began. On the formerly agricultural areas of Kniestedt north and west of the old village, the east and west settlements, the Bismarckian settlement, the official settlement, the forest settlement and the valley settlement were built. By September 1941, 2,286 residential units had been built here, and around 3,600 had been completed by the end of the war. Mainly two-storey detached and terraced houses were built, the apartments were 60–80 m² in size, had five rooms and a toilet on two floors, as well as a small garden.

As a further consequence of the industrialization of the region, Kniestedt was integrated into the municipality of Salzgitter (-Bad) on April 1, 1938. On April 1, 1942, the city of Watenstedt-Salzgitter was founded, which was renamed Salzgitter in 1951.

The city of Salzgitter acquired the estate in 1973 from what was then Salzgitter AG , the legal successor to the Reichswerke. When Braunschweiger Strasse was rebuilt in Salzgitter-Bad in 1976, some buildings on the former property had to be demolished. The manor house from 1698, the sheepfold and the former St. Nikolai Church (Kniestedter Church) are still preserved here. The manor house, built in 1533, was converted into the rose garden in 1975/76. The former sheepfold has only been poorly repaired so far (2012), and no decision has been made about its use.

Noble family of the Lords of Kniestedt

Coat of arms of the von Kniestedt family in the Kniestedt church

The Lords of Kniestedt owned individual lands and parts of the forests in the village. The towns of Groß and Klein Holthausen between Kniestedt and Engerode, which later fell into desolation, also belonged to them as fiefs . They also owned land in many surrounding towns, such as B. in Vöppstedt, grid , Mahner , Engerode and Beinum . Other landlords in Kniestedt were u. a. the Hildesheim Monastery, the Gandersheim Monastery , the Counts of Wohldenberg , the Lords of Schwicheldt and the Lords of Wallmoden .

At the end of the 15th century, the sons of Heinrich von Kniestedt, who died in 1491, divided up the estate: Hans von Kniestedt, the founder of the later Württemberg line, kept the Oberhof, while Arndt von Kniestedt, the founder of the Brunswick or Burgdorf line, held what is now Breslauer Street built a new courtyard, the "Unterhof". However, this soon turned out to be too small and so between 1530 and 1570 a new lower courtyard was built next to the church in the village, some of which are still preserved today. This also includes the stone mansion built in 1698.

In 1709 the von Kniestedt family built a new stone widow's house opposite the church of St. Mariae-Jacobi (today Salzgitter-Bad) . This widow's residence was soon sold by the family. From 1855 it was used by the Catholic Church as a prayer room (chapel) and rectory. This use ended in 1889 when the newly built St. Mary's Church was consecrated.

Also in 1709, the two heirs of the upper court, the brothers Levin and Friedrich Hermann von Kniestedt, divided the court and the property between them. Levin kept the upper courtyard and Friedrich Hermann built the central courtyard in the immediate vicinity. In 1721 Levin's successor sold the Oberhof to Julius von Kniestedt, who at that time already owned the Unterhof. The last owner of the middle courtyard was General Christian Wilhelm von Kniestedt. After his death in 1809 his property fell back to the Unterhof, which was the sole owner of the Kniestedter fief.

When the widow of Friedrich Julius von Kniestedt (1765-1825) died on November 30, 1853, the Brunswick line of the Kniestedt family died out. The estate fell back to the sovereign, the King of Hanover, as the legal successor to the Bishop of Hildesheim. This transferred the estate to Count Georg Herbert zu Münster (1820–1902), who also owned Derneburg Castle . The estate remained in the possession of the von Münster family until 1938.

Coat of arms of the Kniestedt family

The coat of arms contains a golden field. In the middle there is a small red sign with nine green clovers sitting around the edge.

Kniestedter Church

The Kniestedt Church ( location map ) is on the southern edge of the village of Kniestedt on the same site on which the "Unterhof" was laid out from 1530. The "St. Nikolai Church", the actual name of the church, was mentioned for the first time in 1455 in a sales deed about a piece of forest. The mother church was originally the Georgskirche in lattice , later the St. Mariae Jakobi church in the nearby salt town. At the end of the 16th century Kniestedt lost its own pastorate and was looked after by a second pastorate from Salzgitter (-Bad).

The number of community members rose from 580 to almost 8,000 between 1938 and the beginning of the 1950s due to the influx of large numbers of workers for ore mining and the Reichswerke. In 1954, a new parish center (today Noah parish) was built north of the village of Kniestedt and the Martin Luther Church was inaugurated there in 1966. The church in old Kniestedt was no longer used from April 1972 and became the property of the city of Salzgitter the following year. The building has been used for cabaret events since 1985.

Kniestedter manor house

Kniestedter manor house in the rose garden, in front the conveyor rod of the old salt well

The manor house of the von Kniestedt family was built in 1533 on the site of the new "Unterhof" on the southern edge of the village. The two-storey half-timbered house is probably the oldest still-preserved half-timbered house in the city of Salzgitter.

At the end of the 17th century, the manor house had already become too small for the von Kniestedt family and so Julius von Kniestedt built a new stone manor house on the grounds of the Unterhof in 1698, which is still completely preserved today. The old manor house then served as a residence for the family's employees.

After the acquisition by the City of Salzgitter, the City Council of Salzgitter decided in 1975 to move the manor house, which stood in the way of building a crossroads, into the spa gardens (today's rose garden) ( location map ) behind the town hall of Salzgitter-Bad. Since the new location was in the area of ​​the former salt marsh between grid and Vöppstedt, the load-bearing soil was at a depth of 4 to 5 meters, so that an extensive foundation was necessary beforehand . In 1976 the implementation of the manor was completed.

A meeting place for senior citizens was set up on the ground floor of the manor. The city's music school moved into the upper floor with several rooms for practicing, teaching and meeting. After the renovation of the Kniestedter manor house, which began in 1991, was completed, the meeting place moved there in 1994. The ground floor of the manor house was rebuilt and in 1996 a Biedermeier- style wedding room was opened here as a branch of the municipal registry office .

Kniestedter manor house

Kniestedter manor house

The Kniestedter Herrenhaus ( location map ) was built in 1698 on the grounds of the "Unterhof" as a replacement for the manor house that had become too small. It is a two-storey stone building that has largely been preserved in its original form to this day.

The building was extensively renovated in 1790. New vaults were drawn in, the main stairs were renewed and a wooden beam ceiling was installed in the stable area. Changes to the exterior of the building concerned the hunching of the roof and the enlargement of some ox-eye windows in the stable area.

After 1945 the mansion was used as living space for refugees and the poor for a while and then stood empty for a long time. From 1991 the mansion was completely renovated in the style of the 18th century. For this, extensive work had to be carried out to secure the foundations, as the house is located in the swampy terrain of the nearby Warne and there had already been damage to the ceilings in various places. The foundation was stabilized and the ceiling vault was reinforced with additional concrete ceilings. After the renovation work was completed, the building was inaugurated on February 18, 1994. Since then, the mansion has housed a branch of the Salzgitter Adult Education Center and a meeting place for senior citizens, which until then was housed in the Kniestedter manor house.

Kniestedt Mill

The first mention of a windmill in the village can be found in a visitation report of the church in Kniestedt in 1572, in this document a Hans der Windmüller is mentioned. The mill stood on the egg . In the following year Diedrich von Kniestedt left this windmill to the Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and in return received a tithe for further lands in Kniestedt. For a long time there are no reports of a mill in Kniestedt from the following period. The last mill building on the Eikel, a post mill , was built at the beginning of the 19th century. A beam on the upper floor of the mill bore the inscription “Everything is important to me, God's blessing. Georg Schreyhahn 1811. “The last miller was Carl Remnitz, who ran the mill from 1894 to 1898.

The mill was foreclosed on October 17, 1898 and acquired by the miller August Bötel, who was also the owner of the "Red Mill" in Groß Mahner. After the purchase, he had the mill on the Eikel shut down in order to eliminate competition from his Mahner watermill. The mill building was demolished in 1939 to make way for new housing developments.

Population development

A list has been preserved from 1769 according to which the village of Kniestedt had lands of 1011½ acres of land and 126¾ acres of meadow. The Kniestedt house owned 500 acres of land and 71 acres of meadow.

In the "List of the number of souls and residential buildings in Kniestedt" of June 16, 1845, 397 inhabitants were listed for the village of Kniestedt who lived in 45 residential buildings. The lower courtyard of the Kniestedt estate had a further 141 residents in 10 buildings, the central courtyard had 55 residents in 4 buildings and the upper courtyard had 24 residents in 2 buildings. In total, the place had 617 inhabitants in 61 buildings in 1845.

According to the civil status survey of October 10, 1936, 580 people lived in 171 households in Kniestedt, 214 of them from 61 households were active in agriculture, the area at that time was 841 ha and 60 a . Agricultural operations were the manor , nine farms and seven smaller farms.

Kniestedt known people related to Kniestedt

literature

  • Wilhelm Schrader: Chronicle of the former village Kniestedt . Self-published, Salzgitter-Bad 1980.
  • Wilhelm Schrader: Supplement and summary of typewritten work on the chronicle of the former village of Kniestedt (Goslar district) . Self-published, Salzgitter-Bad 1982.
  • Gudrun Pischke: The Lords of Kniestedt - function and effect of a noble family in the Middle Ages . In: Geschichtsverein Salzgitter eV (ed.): Salzgitter yearbook 1991/1992 . tape 13/14 . Salzgitter 1992, p. 39-73 .
  • Franz Zobel : The home book of the district of Goslar . Verlag der Goslarschen Zeitung Karl Krause, 1928, p. 19-24 .
  • Kirstin Casemir: The place names of the Wolfenbüttel district and the city of Salzgitter . Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, 2003, ISBN 3-89534-483-4 , p. 238 f .
  • Mechthild Wiswe : The field names of the Salzgitter area . Self-published by the Braunschweigisches Geschichtsverein, 1970, p. 479 f .
  • Four years of Hermann-Göring-Werke Salzgitter 1938-1941, reprint of the anniversary edition from 1941 . Melchior-Verlag Wolfenbüttel, 2009, ISBN 978-3-941555-06-8 .
  • Church buildings in Salzgitter . In: Department for Public Relations of the City of Salzgitter (Ed.): Salzgitter Forum . tape 12 , 1986, pp. 61 (Martin Luther Church in Salzgitter-Bad) .
  • O. Kiecker, C. Borchers (ed.): Art monuments of the province of Hanover . Issue 7: District of Goslar. Self-published by the provincial administration, Hanover 1937, p. 139-141 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wiswe, Flurnamen , p. 473 ff.
  2. ^ Schrader, Chronik Kniestedt , p. 8.
  3. ↑ a b Casemir, place names , pp 216-217
  4. ↑ Four Years of Hermann Göring Works , p. 142.
  5. ↑ Pischke, Die Herren von Kniestedt , pp. 55–56
  6. ↑ The Kniestedter manor house . On: badsalzgitter.de, accessed on January 18, 2019
  7. ↑ The Kniestedter manor house . On: badsalzgitter.de, accessed on January 18, 2019

Web links

Coordinates: 52 ° 3 ′ 18 ″  N , 10 ° 22 ′ 29 ″  E