Leo Gross (lawyer)

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Leo Gross (born April 6, 1903 in Krosno , Galicia , Austria-Hungary ; †  November 8, 1990 in Cambridge, Massachusetts ) was an Austrian - American lawyer of Jewish descent . He worked particularly in the field of international law and international relations , and served from 1944 to 1980 as a professor at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University .

Life

Leo Gross was born in 1903 in the city of Krossen in Galicia and graduated from the University of Vienna with a degree in political science , international law and economics , which he completed in 1927 with a political science doctorate under Hans Kelsen . With a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation , he devoted himself from 1929 to 1931 to further studies in the field of law and legal philosophy at the London School of Economics (LSE), at Columbia University and at Harvard University , where he studied law in 1931 PhD. After his return to Europe he worked as an assistant to Hans Kelsen at the University of Cologne .

After Kelsen was given a leave of absence from his professorship in Cologne after the National Socialists came to power due to his Jewish descent in April 1933 and emigrated to Switzerland , Gross went back to the LSE, where he acted as assistant to Hersch Lauterpacht . When his position was not extended two years later for financial reasons and a permanent position at the LSE was not possible, he switched to the Paris- based International Institute of Intellectual Co-Operation of the League of Nations . There he worked for five years as head of the international relations department before emigrating to the United States via Vichy , Pau , Madrid and Lisbon in 1940 due to the start of the Second World War .

In the USA he got a job in 1941 and three years later a professorship for international law at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University , where he worked until his retirement in 1980. In addition, he taught as a Fulbright Professor at the University of Copenhagen in 1958 and at the University of Tokyo and Hitotsubashi University in 1966 , as a visiting professor at Yale University in 1949, as a visiting professor from 1958, 1951/1952 and from 1964 to 1966 from Harvard University, 1962 as a visiting professor at Columbia University and in 1967 as a lecturer at the Hague Academy of International Law . He also served as an advisor to the US State Department and the United Nations .

The main focus of Leo Gross' legal work was the United Nations and the International Court of Justice . He was married to a Viennese artist and their twin daughters were born in the USA. He died in 1990 in Boston as a result of pneumonia . His estate is in the German Exile Archive Frankfurt of the German National Library .

Awards

The American Society of International Law , whose board he served from 1956 to 1959, Leo Gross, appointed in 1970, an honorary vice-president and awarded him in 1977 for his work "The Future of the International Court of Justice" a ASIL Certificate of Merit (Certificate of Merit) and in 1986 with the Manley O. Hudson Medal, her highest honor. In addition, in 1970 he was made honorary editor of the American Journal of International Law , for which he served as co-editor from 1956 to 1970 and supervised the book reviews from 1958 to 1985. From 1958 he was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . From 1964 he was an honorary member of the Indian Society for International Law.

Fonts (selection)

  • The International Court of Justice and the United Nations. Series: Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law. Volume 120. The Hague 1967.
  • The Future of the International Court of Justice. Two volumes. Dobbs Ferry 1976.
  • Essays on International Law and Organization. Two volumes. Dobbs Ferry 1984.

literature

  • Detlev F. Vagts: In Memoriam: Leo Gross (1903–1990). Obituary in: American Journal of International Law . 81, No. 1, 1991. American Society of International Law, pp. 149/150, ISSN  0002-9300 .
  • Leo Gross. In: Johannes Feichtinger: Science between cultures: Austrian university professors in emigration 1933–1945. Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / Main 2001, ISBN 3-593-36584-7 , pp. 283-286.
  • Jörg Kammerhofer: Leo Gross . In: Robert Walter / Alfred Schramm: The circle around Hans Kelsen. The early years of pure legal theory , Vienna: Manz 2008 (series of publications by the Hans Kelsen Institute; 30), ISBN 978-3-214-07676-4 , pp. 115-133.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d Johannes Feichtinger: Science Between Cultures: Austrian University Lecturers in Emigration 1933–1945. Frankfurt / Main 2001, pp. 283-286.
  2. ↑ a b c d Detlev F. Vagts: In Memoriam: Leo Gross (1903–1990). In: American Journal of International Law . 81, No. 1, 1991. American Society of International Law, pp. 149/150, ISSN  0002-9300 (obituary).
  3. ↑ a b c d Leo Gross Dies at 87; Taught Law at Tufts. In: The New York Times . November 15, 1990 edition, p. 20 (obituary: nytimes.com ).
  4. ^ A b Biographical Sketch: Leo Gross, born 1903. In: Collected Courses of the Hague Academy of International Law. Volume 120. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague 1967, ISBN 90-286-1572-5 , pp. 315-318 (with bibliography).
  5. ↑ a b c d Leo Gross. In: Shabtai Rosenne , Yôrām Dinšṭein, Mala Tabory: International Law At a Time Of Perplexity: Essays In Honor of Shabtai Rosenne. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht and Boston 1989, ISBN 90-247-3654-4 , pp. Xxiv / xxv.
  6. ↑ See list of awards and honors from ASIL; Online at The American Society of International Law: Past ASIL Award Winners and Honorees ( Memento of September 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed November 24, 2009)
personal data
SURNAME Big, Leo
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-American international lawyer
DATE OF BIRTH April 6, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Krossen , Galicia
DATE OF DEATH November 8, 1990
Place of death Cambridge, Massachusetts