Leonid Alexandrovich Wesnin

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Leonid Aleksandrovich Vesnin ( Russian Леонид Александрович Веснин ; born November 28 . Jul / 10. December  1880 greg. In Nizhny Novgorod , † 8. October 1933 in Moscow ) was a Russian architect and university lecturer .

Life

Wesnin came from a Nizhny Novgorod merchant family. He spent his youth with his two younger brothers Viktor and Alexander on his mother's small estate on the banks of the Volga near Yuryevets . Wesnin attended the Moscow Academy of Applied Trade Sciences with a degree in 1899. In 1900, like his brothers in 1901, he began studying at the St. Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineers (PIGI) in the class led by Leonti Nikolajewitsch Benois . The brothers lived together and, while studying, continued to work on drawing and painting in Jan Ciągliński's studio . During this time her father became insolvent , so that Wesnin now took care of himself and his brothers.

During the Russian Revolution in 1905 , Wesnin took part in strikes and demonstrations. He worked in the Political Red Cross and in the Student Elder Council. After the closure of the PIGI as the center of the revolutionary student movement, because of his own difficult material situation, he went to Moscow with his brothers to work in the architectural offices of Illarion Alexandrowitsch Ivanov-Schitz , Roman Ivanovich Klein , Pawel Pavlovich Wisnewski , Nikolai Pavlovich Miljukow and others. Wesnin and his brothers continued to draw, first with Konstantin Fjodorowitsch Juon and then in the studio organized in their own apartment together with Vladimir Evgrafowitsch Tatlin . At the invitation of Alexei Viktorovich Shtusev , Wesnin restored the Vasilyev Church in Ovrutsch . In 1909, Wesnin completed his studies in St. Petersburg at the architecture department of the Art School of the Imperial Academy of Arts as an architect-artist . He then carried out his first own project for WA Nossenkow, building a dacha on the north-western edge of Moscow.

Initially, Wesnin worked on projects together with his brothers for many building competitions. He became famous for winning first prize in the competition for the building of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture . In 1913, the brothers, together with Vasily Ivanovich Yeramishanzew, built the facade of the JW Junker & Co. banking house. At the same time, the Wesnin brothers built the administrative building of the Volga shipping company in Nizhny Novgorod ( Chairman of the Board Dmitri Vasilyevich Sirotkin ), which is now used by the Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy . During the First World War , Leonid and Alexander Wesnin were drafted into the Imperial Russian Army , while Viktor Wesnin ran the architectural office. During the construction of the department store for the Dinamo joint-stock company on Moscow's Ljubanka Square from 1916–1917, the Wesnin brothers created a reinforced concrete structure with large glass surfaces .

After the October Revolution , Wesnin worked 1918-1919 in the building council of the administration of the peat main committee of the Supreme Council for National Economy and in the architecture workshop of the building department of the Mossoviet (first state architecture artel in Soviet times). From 1921 to 1923 he worked in the Scientific Council for the New Moscow under the direction of Shtusev with questions of Moscow city ​​planning . In their joint projects, the Wesnin brothers turned to constructivism .

The Wesnin brothers, like Andrei Konstantinowitsch Burow, worked with the Left Front of the Arts ( LEF ) founded in 1922 by Boris Ignatievich Arwatow and others . Besides Arwatow, the core of the LEF was formed by the Russian futurists Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Mayakowski as leaders of the group, Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Assejew , Ossip Maximowitsch Brik , Sergei Michailowitsch Tretyakow , Boris Anissimowitsch Kuschner and Nikolai Fyodorowitsch Tschuschak. In the activity of LEF, the participating artists Alexander Mikhailovich Rodchenko , Varvara Stepanova , Lyubov Sergeyevna Popova , Vladimir Tatlin and others and the filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein , Lev Kuleshov , Grigori Kozintsev , Leonid Trauberg , Dziga Vertov , Sergei Yutkevich , Esfir Ilyinichna thrust and others

In 1923, Wesnin became a full member of the RSFSR State Academy of Arts in Moscow. From 1924 he headed the project office of the Soviet joint stock company Standart instead of the late RI Klein. Under Wesnin's leadership, the first so-called workers' village was built as a garden city with timber frame houses in Ivanovo-Voznesensk from 1924 to 1925 . In 1927 he became a member of the Housing Commission of the State Research Institute of Civil, Industrial and Technical Construction of the Supreme Council of National Economy of the USSR . In 1931 he was elected to the Moscow Architecture Council, which was supposed to advise on the reconstruction of the Moscow center.

Wesnin taught at the higher artistic and technical workshops ( WChUTEMAS ) , at the Moscow State Technical University (1923–1931) and at the Moscow Architecture Institute (MArchI) (1932–1933).

Wesnin was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery. His brother Alexander designed the tomb. Later, Wiktor and Alexander Wesnin were buried next to Leonid Wesnin.

Honors

Works

  • Facade of the banking house JW Junker & Co. (1913), Kuznetsky Most 16, Moscow

  • 1. Building of the Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy (1913)

  • Club of the Pyotr Alexeyev Factory (1927–1929), Michalkowskaja Uliza 36, ​​Moscow

  • Mostorg department store (1927–1929), Ulitsa Krasnaja Pressnja 48/2, Moscow

  • SIL - Palace of Culture (1930–1937, restored 1966–1976 by RP Aldonina ), Moscow

Web links

Commons : Wesnin Brothers  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Чиняков А. Г .: Братья Веснины . Стройиздат, Moscow 1970.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Полякова Л. Л .: Зодчие братья Веснины . Верхне-Волжское книжное издательство. Иванское отделение, Moscow 1989.
  3. ↑ a b Зодчие Москвы времени эклектики, модерна и неоклассицизма (1830-е – 1917 годы): илл. биогр. словарь . КРАБиК, Moscow 1998, ISBN 5-900395-17-0 , p. 43 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e Казусь И. А .: Советская архитектура 1920-х годов: организация проектирования . Прогресс-Традиция, 2009, ISBN 5-89826-291-1 .
personal data
SURNAME Wesnin, Leonid Alexandrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Веснин, Леонид Александрович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian architect and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH December 10, 1880
PLACE OF BIRTH Nizhny Novgorod
DATE OF DEATH October 8, 1933
Place of death Moscow