Linarite
| Linarite | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| chemical formula | PbCu [(OH) 2 | SO 4 ] |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Sulfates |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
7.BC.65 ( 8th edition : VI / B.10) 02/30/03/01 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | monoclinic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | monoclinic prismatic; 2 / m |
| Space group | P 2 1 / m (No. 11) |
| Lattice parameters |
a = 9.70 Å ; b = 5.65 Å; c = 4.69 Å β = 102.6 ° |
| Formula units | Z = 2 |
| Twinning | generally according to {100} |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 2.5 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | 5.3 to 5.5 |
| Cleavage | completely after {100}, clearly after {001} |
| Break ; Tenacity | shell-like |
| colour | azure |
| Line color | pale blue |
| transparency | transparent to translucent |
| shine | Glass gloss to diamond gloss |
| Crystal optics | |
| Refractive indices |
n α = 1.809 n β = 1.838 n γ = 1.859 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.050 |
| Optical character | biaxial negative |
| Axis angle | 2V = 80 ° |
| Other properties | |
| Chemical behavior | soluble in diluted HNO 3 and concentrated HCL |
Linarit , outdated or mined as a lead glaze , Kupferbleispat (h) , Kupferbleivitriol or copper Anglesit (Cupreous fishing site), is a rarely occurring minerals from the mineral class of sulfates . It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system with the chemical composition PbCu [(OH) 2 | SO 4 ] and develops mostly tabular to prismatic crystals , but also crusty coatings in a sky blue to azure blue color with a strong glass luster to diamond luster.
Etymology and history
Linarite was first described in 1822 by Henry James Brooke , who named the mineral Linares in Spain after its type locality .
classification
In the old (8th edition) and new systematics of minerals according to Strunz (9th edition) , the linarite belongs to the department of "Anhydrous sulfates with foreign anions ". However, the new Strunz'sche mineral classification now subdivides more precisely according to the size of the cations and the mineral is accordingly in the sub-section “C. With medium and large cations ”.
The Dana system of minerals used in the English-speaking world sorts the linarite into the division of " Anhydrous sulfates with hydroxyl or halogen and the general formula (AB) 2 XO 4 Z q ".
Crystal structure
Linarite crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system in the space group P 2 1 / m (space group no. 11) with the lattice parameters a = 9.70 Å , b = 5.65 Å, c = 4.69 Å and β = 102.6 ° as well as two formula units per unit cell .
properties
Linarite is very similar to azurite in color and crystal structure, but can be differentiated from it by the " hydrochloric acid sample". In contrast to azurite, linarite precipitates white lead chloride when treated with hydrochloric acid . Linarit is also soluble in dilute nitric acid .
Education and Locations
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Linarit is a typical secondary mineral that in the oxidation zone of copper - and lead - sulphides formed. Accompanying minerals include angelsite , brochantite , caledonite , cerussite , hemimorphite , leadhillite and malachite .
So far, linarite has been found at 693 sites, including Catamarca and Neuquén in Argentina; Tasmania and other regions of Australia; several regions of Chile ; Baden-Württemberg (Black Forest), Bavaria (Fichtelgebirge), Hesse (Taunus), Lower Saxony (Harz), North Rhine-Westphalia (Sauerland), Rhineland-Palatinate (Eifel, Hunsrück), Saxony-Anhalt , Saxony (Ore Mountains) and Thuringia (Harz ) in Germany; many regions of France ; in Greece at Laurion and recently also on Santorin ; at Keswick (Cumbria) and Leadhill (Scotland) in Great Britain; several regions of Italy ; Tsumeb in Namibia; Carinthia (Lölling), Salzburg (Hohe Tauern), Styria (Fischbacher Alps) and Tyrol in Austria; Nerchinsk in Siberia; Bohemia and Moravia in the Czech Republic; Rezbanya in Hungary; as well as in many regions of the USA .
The "Mammoth Mine" and the "Grand Reef Mine" in Arizona (USA) are known for their linarite finds with a size of 5 to 8 cm .
See also
literature
- Petr Korbel, Milan Novák: Encyclopedia of Minerals . Nebel Verlag GmbH, Eggolsheim 2002, ISBN 3-89555-076-0 , p. 140 .
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Linarite (Wiki)
- Mineral data sheet - Linarite (English, PDF 65.5 kB)
- Picture gallery with well developed linarite crystals
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel: Strunz Mineralogical Tables . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 376 .
- ↑ Webmineral - Linarite (English)
- ↑ a b c Linarite at mindat.org (English)
- ^ Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz : Klockmanns textbook of mineralogy . 16th edition. Ferdinand Enke Verlag, 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp. 602 .
- ↑ Minerals from the island of Santorin ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mindat - Localities of Linarite
