List of field marshals of Austria-Hungary

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Dress uniform of an Austro-Hungarian field marshal

The field marshal was in the Austro-Hungarian Army in the First World War from 1915 to 1918, the highest military rank or rank of the Austro-Hungarian generals . The rank became obsolete with the dissolution of the army on October 31, 1918 and demobilization on November 11. The order of precedence was major general , lieutenant field marshal (chief medical officer or chief auditor), infantry general (cavalry general, Feldzeugmeister), colonel general and field marshal .

Rank
lower:
kuk Generaloberste
(from 1913)
Imperial Coat of Arms of the Empire of Austria.svg

kuk field marshal

higher:
none
See also

About the function of the title

This highest rank of the Austro-Hungarian generals was only granted to special war heroes as an exception during the Austrian Empire . With the creation of the dual monarchy in 1867 , there were 3 field marshals, at the turn of the century there were no longer any rank holders, and after the Solferino disaster there were no more major military successes. The post was not filled again until the First World War , and in 1915 the post of Colonel General was created as the second highest rank. In the final phases of the war there were then up to 7 commanding field marshals. The title became obsolete with the dissolution of the army on October 31, 1918 and demobilization on November 11.

The title was also awarded to monarchs of other powers within the framework of military cooperation; conversely, some Austro-Hungarian officers were also field marshals of other states, i.e. in principle had the authority to command (which should serve to subordinate troop contingents in common struggle without subordinating them directly to a troop leader of the friendly nation) .

The emperor automatically held the rank of field marshal and always wore the appropriate uniform.

List of field marshals

The list of field marshals of Austria-Hungary contains generals of the Joint Austro-Hungarian Army who were appointed or promoted to field marshal (abbreviation FM ) or who temporarily held this rank of general.
The corresponding rank titles of foreign powers are also mentioned in this list.

Appointment: Rank data (promotion date in brackets)
to: sortable by actual military command (with notes)
Function: from appointment; then the following functions until the end of the war

All dates (except life dates) only monarchy period

appointment to Surname born died Office / military use
July 15, 1859 (July 12; ↑  FZM ) 1860 (→ as early as 1860 guard post) Heinrich Hermann Joseph Freiherr von Hess March 17, 1788 Apr 13, 1870 Captain of the Hungarian satellite bodyguard
Apr. 4, 1863 (↑  Gen.d.Kav. ); 3 Jul. 1874 Russian GFM , 27 Sep. 1893 Prussia. GFM † Archduke Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf of Austria-Teschen Aug 3, 1817 Feb. 18, 1895 General Inspector of the Austro-Hungarian Army
October 19, 1867 (↑  Gen.d.Kav. ) (→ already on maternity leave in 1860) Edmund Leopold Friedrich Prince Schwarzenberg Nov 18, 1803 Nov 17, 1873 oF
Feb. 27, 1895 Prussia. GFM † Franz Joseph of Austria (as Emperor Franz Joseph I.) Aug 18, 1830 Nov 21, 1916 Emperor and apostol. King, etc.
May 4, 1900 (Uniform; ↑  Gen.d.Kav. ); February 22, 1917 also Grand Adm. (Nov. 9, 1918 abdication) Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor von Hohenzollern (as Kaiser Wilhelm II.) Jan. 27, 1859 June 4, 1941 German Emperor, King of Prussia ( Prussian GFM , British Fleet Adm. And FM , Bavarian GFM )
May 1, 1904 (uniform) † Albert Edward of Windsor (as King Edward VII) Nov 9, 1841 May 6, 1910 King of Great Britain and Ireland, Emperor of India, etc. (1875 British FM and 1887 Fleet Adm. )
8 Dec. 1914 (↑  Gen.d.Inf .; 15 Nov. 1908 Prussian GFM ) (↓ Feb. 11, 1917 available for disposition) Archduke Friedrich Maria Albrecht of Austria-Teschen June 4, 1856 Dec 30, 1936 Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of Austria-Hungary ; Dec. 2, 1916 Deputy
Jan. 20, 1916 (Oct. 3, 1918 abdication) Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (as Tsar Ferdinand I) Feb. 26, 1861 Aug 14, 1948 Tsar of the Bulgarians (Jan. 7, 1916 Bulgarian GFM , Jan. 18, 1916 Prussian GFM )
Nov. 23, 1916 (↑  Gen.-Ob. ) Archduke Eugen Ferdinand Pius of Austria-Teschen May 21, 1863 Dec 30, 1954 Commander of Army Group Tyrol ; Commander of the Southwest Front
Nov. 25, 1916 (↑  Gen.-Ob .; Nov. 26, 1916 Prussian GFM ) (Dec. 2, 1916– Mar. 1, 1917 oF; ↓ Jul. 14, 1918 containing the post, → Guard) Franz Xaver Conrad von Hötzendorf Nov 11, 1852 Aug 25, 1925 Chief of the General Staff ; 1st Mar 1917 Commander of Army Group Conrad ( Tyrol / Southwest Front ); then July 1918 colonel of all guards
Nov. 5, 1917 (↑  Gen.-Ob. ) Nov 11, 1918 Alexander Freiherr von Krobatin Sep 12 1849 Dec. 27, 1933 Commander of the 10th Austro-Hungarian Army ( Isonzo ); October 26, 1918 Commander of Army Group Tyrol
Aug. 5, 1917 (↑  Gen.-Ob. ) (April 1918 - autumn 1918 without use) Hermann Albin Josef Baron Kövess von Kövessháza March 30, 1854 22 Sep 1924 Commander of the 7th Austro-Hungarian Army ( Galicia ); Jan. 15, 1918 Commander of Army Group Ukraine (1st and 7th Austro-Hungarian Army); Autumn 1918 Commander of the Army Group in the Western Balkans ; Nov. 3, 1918 Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Austria-Hungary
Feb. 9, 1918 ({Jan. 30 ↑  Gen.-Ob. ) (→ Guard) Franz Josef Karl Baron Rohr von Denta Jan. 27, 1852 June 23, 1926 Commander 1st Austro-Hungarian Army ( Romania ); then captain of the Hungarian satellite bodyguard
Jan. 31, 1918 (↑  Gen.-Ob. ) (↓ replaced May 16, 1918) Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli Feb 21, 1856 Dec 9, 1941 Commander in Chief of Ukraine (Eastern Front)
Feb. 1, 1918 (Jan. 31, ↑  Gen.-Ob. ) Svetozar Boroëvić from Bojna Dec 13, 1856 May 23, 1920 5th Austro-Hungarian Army ( Isonzo Army )
May 19, 1918 † Ghazi Mohammed Reshad Osmanoğlu (as Sultan Mohammed V) Nov 3, 1844 July 1918 Grand Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of the Ottomans (Feb. 1, 1916 Prussian GFM )
Oct. 20, 1918 (↑  Gen.-Ob. ) (→ complete politics) Archduke Josef August Viktor of Austria 7 Aug 1872 July 6, 1962 emperor. Deputy in Hungary (homo regius)

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  • Antonio Schmidt-Brentano: The kk or kuk generals 1816-1918 . Ed .: Austrian State Archives. Vienna June 2007 ( oesta.gv.at [PDF] name index).
  • Kuk Generalität & Generalstab / general officers & general staff. Section The Austrian Generality 1914 - December 20 , 1918 , 1st Field Marshal . In: mlorenz.at → Armed Power. Retrieved on November 14, 2011 (list incomplete; with illustrations of the adjustment).
  1. ^ Adjustment regulation for the Austro-Hungarian Army.
  2. ^ In the armed forces of the 1st and 2nd Republic of Austria there was and does not exist the rank of Colonel General.
  3. ↑ It was created in particular to avoid having to promote all generals to field marshals in a war. (after General captain of the Imperial Army. In: weltkriege.at → generals. Retrieved 15 November 2011 . )
  4. ↑ In the armed forces of the 1st and 2nd Republic of Austria the rank of field marshal did not exist and does not exist.
  5. ↑ a b c Honorary post without general staff function
  6. ↑ From Prussia. Prince regents presented, cf. German review of the entire national life of the present . tape 27 . E. Trewendt, 1902, p. 299 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  7. ↑ This honor was of enormous importance for the Prussian alliance policy. In 1908 Wilhelm II emphasized (to Ambassador Szögyény ): "Emperor Franz Joseph is a Prussian field marshal and therefore he only has to give orders, and the whole Prussian army will follow his command." Austria-Hungary foreign policy . tape 1 , p. 278 f., 156 f . Quoted from Konrad Canis: Von Bismarck on world politics . tape 3 of Studies in International History . Akademie Verlag, 1997, ISBN 978-3-05-002758-6 , In the Sign of the Transvaal Crisis 1895/76 , p. 173 ( limited preview in Google Book search - see footnote 59). ; see. also Mission Hoyos ; See the file: Prussischer Marschallsstab 1895.jpg for a picture of the staff presented
  8. ^ From May 1917 Isonzo Army