List of protected areas in Baden-Württemberg
The list of protected areas in Baden-Württemberg contains the statistics of all protected areas (as of October 7, 2017) in the German state of Baden-Württemberg .
National park
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The Black Forest National Park has existed as the first national park in the state since January 1, 2014. It is located in the highlands of the northern Black Forest, mainly in the area of the administrative district of Karlsruhe.
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Freiburg administrative district | 1 | 905.37 | 0.10 |
| Karlsruhe district | 1 | 9,153.64 | 1.32 |
| Stuttgart administrative district | - | - | - |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | - | - | - |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 1 | 10,059.09 | 0.28 |
Nature reserves
A nature reserve (NSG) is a strictly protected area. In Germany, nature reserves are defined by or on the basis of laws. Colloquially, the term nature reserve also describes all protected areas in nature and landscape protection . Areas are often designated as nature reserves which are important for the preservation of the flora and fauna, often also for scenic and geographic features. The aim is to place plant and animal species under protection in their area of distribution. Areas are also designated as nature reserves if they are considered worthy of protection for scientific or natural history reasons, because of their uniqueness or special beauty. These are often biotopes such as moorland , heathland , mountainous landscapes or forests . In nature reserves, agricultural use, leaving the publicly marked trails and lighting fires are mostly prohibited.
In Baden-Württemberg there are 1041 nature reserves with a total area of 86,551.34 hectares (ha). This corresponds to a share of 2.43 percent of the area of the state. Thirteen protected areas each extend over two administrative districts , they are counted only once for the country, which gives the difference to the sum of the areas of all 4 administrative districts.
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttgart administrative district | 257 | 15,463.83 | 1.46 |
| Karlsruhe district | 229 | 18,919.55 | 2.73 |
| Freiburg administrative district | 268 | 32,114.06 | 3.44 |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | 300 | 19,250.93 | 2.17 |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 1,041 | 86,551.34 | 2.43 |
→ See main article: List of nature reserves in Baden-Württemberg
Landscape protection areas
In Germany , the landscape protection area (LSG) is one of the options for area-related nature protection provided by the Federal Nature Conservation Act (BNatSchG). The federal states determine which areas can be designated as landscape protection areas . They also determine the form in which the landscape protection areas are marked. Paragraph 26 of the BNatSchG stipulates that landscape protection areas should serve the preservation and development of nature, impairment of the natural balance should be removed and performance and functionality should be restored. This happens because of the diversity and uniqueness of the landscape, its cultural and historical importance or its special importance for recreation.
In Baden-Württemberg there are 1,451 protected landscape areas with a total area of 808,014.68 hectares (ha). This corresponds to a share of 22.65 percent of the area of the state.
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttgart administrative district | 585 | 233,502.65 | 22.12 |
| Karlsruhe district | 289 | 184,962.27 | 26.73 |
| Freiburg administrative district | 245 | 174,343.01 | 18.65 |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | 332 | 204,607.22 | 23.11 |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 1,451 | 808,014.68 | 22.65 |
→ See main article: List of landscape protection areas in Baden-Württemberg
FFH areas
The Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive, or Habitat Directive for short, is a nature conservation directive of the European Union that was adopted in 1992 . Together with the Birds Directive , it essentially serves to implement the Bern Convention ; one of its main tools is a coherent network of protected areas called Natura 2000 .
The correct German name for the Habitats Directive is Council Directive 92/43 / EEC of May 21, 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and wild animals and plants . In Germany, however, the term FFH directive is used almost exclusively, which is derived from fauna (= animals), flora (= plants) and habitat (= habitat).
In Baden-Württemberg there are 212 FFH areas with a total area of 429,367.19 hectares (ha). This corresponds to a share of 12.03 percent of the area of the state. 26 FFH areas each extend over two administrative districts, they are only counted once for the country, which results in the difference to the sum of the areas of all four administrative districts.
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttgart administrative district | 56 | 92,900.73 | 8.80 |
| Karlsruhe district | 53 | 97,163.61 | 14.04 |
| Freiburg administrative district | 67 | 131,975.60 | 14.12 |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | 62 | 94,698.37 | 10.70 |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 212 | 429,367.19 | 12.03 |
→ See main article: List of FFH areas in Baden-Württemberg
Bird sanctuaries
A European bird sanctuary or Special Protection Area (SPA) is a protected area whose basis was laid in 1979 in Art. 4 (1) of the EU Birds Directive - currently the version 2009/147 / EC of the Directive applies. These areas are part of the Europe-wide Natura 2000 biotope network . The concept of bird sanctuaries across Europe serves in particular to protect migratory birds , which rely on rest stops on their migratory routes in order to look for food and to be able to rest. The European bird sanctuaries are subject to the protection criteria of the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive. As the implementation by the EU member states was only progressing very slowly, nature conservation associations named so-called Important Bird Areas , which they proposed for designation as European bird sanctuaries.
In Baden-Württemberg there are 90 European bird sanctuaries with a total area of 398,217.97 hectares (ha). This corresponds to a share of 11.16 percent of the area of the state. Eleven protected areas each extend over two administrative districts, they are counted only once for the country, which gives the difference to the sum of the areas of all four administrative districts.
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttgart administrative district | 21st | 69,128.23 | 6.55 |
| Karlsruhe district | 23 | 56,214.11 | 8.12 |
| Freiburg administrative district | 34 | 183,150.23 | 19.59 |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | 23 | 83,744.05 | 9.46 |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 90 | 398,217.97 | 11.16 |
→ See main article: List of EU bird protection areas in Baden-Württemberg
Natural monuments
The natural monument is a landscape element that is under nature protection . This is a single property or an area with a small area of up to five hectares. The latter is a surface natural monument and as such is clearly separated from its surroundings. The natural monument is often referred to as a natural creation, but can at the same time be a witness of the historical cultural landscape , for example striking individual trees or outcrops with special geological formations. In Germany, the protection of natural monuments is anchored in Section 28 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act and in the state nature conservation laws. The protection is based on the rarity , peculiarity or beauty of the natural monument as well as its value for science , local history and understanding of nature and includes an extensive prohibition of change.
Single objects
In Baden-Württemberg there are 8478 individual structures with a total area of 7.23 hectares (ha). This corresponds to a share of less than 0.01 percent of the area of the state.
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttgart administrative district | 2,762 | 0.07 | <0.01 |
| Karlsruhe district | 1,530 | 5.07 | <0.01 |
| Freiburg administrative district | 1,808 | 0.15 | <0.01 |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | 2,378 | 1.11 | <0.01 |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 8,500 | 7.23 | <0.01 |
Area natural monuments
In Baden-Württemberg there are 6126 large-scale natural monuments with a total area of 6541.09 hectares (ha). This corresponds to a share of 0.18 percent of the area of the state.
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttgart administrative district | 4.161 | 4,128.53 | 0.39 |
| Karlsruhe district | 281 | 486.14 | 0.07 |
| Freiburg administrative district | 464 | 638.08 | 0.07 |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | 1,220 | 1,271.99 | 0.14 |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 6.126 | 6,541.09 | 0.18 |
→ See main article: List of natural monuments in Baden-Württemberg
Nature parks
A nature park is a protected landscape area that has been created through long-term action, use and management. This valuable cultural landscape should be preserved in its current form and at the same time be marketed for tourism . This provision varies in Germany, as far as permitted by federal law (Section 22, Paragraph 4 of the Federal Nature Conservation Act), especially with regard to the designation, establishment or recognition as a nature park, in the individual federal states in accordance with the local nature conservation law. In Germany nature parks are subject to legally regulated area protection , which is part of nature conservation law.
In Baden-Württemberg there are seven nature parks with a total area of around 11,956 square kilometers (km²). This corresponds to a share of 33.51 percent of the area of the state. Four nature parks each extend over two administrative districts.
| Natural park | Square kilometers [km²] | Administrative districts |
|---|---|---|
| Neckartal-Odenwald Nature Park | 1,292 | Karlsruhe, Stuttgart |
| Upper Danube Nature Park | 857 | Freiburg, Tübingen |
| Schönbuch Nature Park | 156 | Stuttgart, Tübingen |
| Swabian-Franconian Forest Nature Park | 904 | Stuttgart |
| Black Forest Middle / North Nature Park | 3,750 | Freiburg, Karlsruhe |
| Stromberg-Heuchelberg Nature Park | 328 | Karlsruhe, Stuttgart |
| Southern Black Forest Nature Park | 3,330 | Freiburg |
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttgart administrative district | 3 | 152,467.12 | 14.44 |
| Karlsruhe district | 3 | 377,263.73 | 54.53 |
| Freiburg administrative district | 3 | 575,965.15 | 61.52 |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | 2 | 100,546.41 | 11.36 |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 11 | 1,206,741.58 | 33.82 |
→ See main article: List of nature parks in Baden-Württemberg
Spell forests
In Baden-Württemberg, forest reserves are total reserves in which any use is prohibited by ordinance. In Section 32 of the Forest Act, the protected forest in Baden-Württemberg is defined as “a forest reserve left to itself”. Forests are used for scientific research into natural processes in forests. Due to their wealth of structure and dead wood, ban forests are retreats for many endangered animal, plant and fungus species.
In Baden-Württemberg there are 123 protected forests with a total area of 7,684.88 hectares (ha). This corresponds to a share of 0.22 percent of the area of the state. A protected area extends over two administrative districts, it is only counted once for the country, which results in the difference to the sum of the areas of all 4 administrative districts.
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttgart administrative district | 22nd | 1120.99 | 0.11 |
| Karlsruhe district | 34 | 2,380.66 | 0.34 |
| Freiburg administrative district | 40 | 2,603.43 | 0.28 |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | 46 | 3,896.58 | 0.44 |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 123 | 7,684.88 | 0.22 |
→ See main article: List of protected forests in Baden-Württemberg
Already forests
As Schonwald is called in Baden-Wuerttemberg a protected forest area in which the economic use of the forest is allowed, but is subject to certain restrictions. The term is not used in other German-speaking regions or, at best, is used colloquially. Schonwald is defined in Section 32 of the Baden-Württemberg Forest Act as follows:
“Already forest is a forest reserve in which a certain forest community with its animal and plant species, a certain population structure or a certain forest biotope is to be preserved, developed or renewed. The forest authority determines maintenance measures with the consent of the forest owner. "
In Baden-Württemberg there are 366 already forests with a total area of 17,526.02 hectares (ha). This corresponds to a share of 0.49 percent of the area of the state. A Schonwald stretched over two administrative districts; it is only counted once for the country, which results in the difference to the sum of the areas of all 4 administrative districts.
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttgart administrative district | 103 | 3,892.78 | 0.37 |
| Karlsruhe district | 62 | 5,513.58 | 0.80 |
| Freiburg administrative district | 138 | 5,203.54 | 0.56 |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | 63 | 2,874.61 | 0.32 |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 366 | 17,526.02 | 0.49 |
Biosphere areas
A biosphere reserve is a protected area that is representative of the respective vegetation zone or has a special feature. It is therefore primarily a matter of protecting the man-made cultural landscapes, for which UNESCO (United Nations Organization for Education, Science and Culture) is responsible, and less of nature conservation. In Baden-Württemberg, the name for the protection category is biosphere area .
There are two biosphere areas with a total area of 148,505.14 hectares (ha). This corresponds to a share of 4.16 percent of the area of the state. The Swabian Alb biosphere area extends over the administrative districts of Tübingen and Stuttgart. The Black Forest biosphere area is located in the administrative district of Freiburg.
| number | Total area (ha) | Area share (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stuttgart administrative district | 1 | 12,790.41 | 1.21 |
| Karlsruhe district | - | - | - |
| Freiburg administrative district | 1 | 63,206.64 | 6.76 |
| Administrative region of Tübingen | 1 | 71,626.31 | 8.09 |
| Baden-Württemberg, overall | 2 | 148,505.14 | 4.16 |
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- ↑ Baden-Württemberg protected area statistics from the LUBW State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (updated daily) .
- ^ Forest Act for Baden-Württemberg (PDF) from the State Forest Administration of Baden-Württemberg
