List of fatalities from the Chernobyl nuclear disaster

The Chernobyl nuclear disaster ( Ukrainian Чорнобильська катастрофа , Chornobylʹsʹka katastrofa ) occurred on April 26, 1986 in Block 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Ukrainian SSR , then part of the Soviet Union , now part of Ukraine . The scientific consensus on the effects of the accident was developed by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). In several publications, the UNSCEAR has identified fewer than 60 immediate deaths from trauma, acute radiation sickness and thyroid cancer from a group of 4,000 thyroid cancer cases. Various NGOs are of the opinion that the long-term effects of the accident caused over a million deaths. The UN and other organizations such as the Chernobyl Forum and the World Health Organization describe such information as exaggerated and demand detailed documentation.

The clarification of the question is complicated by the fact that apart from the diagnosis of acute radiation sickness and obvious accidental injuries, an assignment of deaths is more a statistical process than a diagnostic process. The effects of ionizing radiation on the organism become better understood with increasing empirical experience.

In 1986 the official Soviet death toll rose from 2 to 31. Immediately after the accident, 600,000 liquidators from all parts of the Soviet Union were involved in the clean-up work. Several organizations claim that at least 6,000 people died in the immediate incident and the clean-up.

Radiation sickness deaths and injuries

The following list names 41 people whose death was directly caused by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. Of these, two died in the explosion, four in a single helicopter crash, forty-one from acute radiation sickness, and three from medical complications considered a long-term consequence of the accident. The fatalities included a cameraman, a doctor, seven firefighters, two supervisory bodies and 30 members of the power plant staff. After the accident, one person died of cardiac thrombosis on the power plant site, 15 children died of thyroid cancer and are viewed as direct victims of the disaster. Civilians received no inpatient medical treatment in the months after the disaster, the fishermen Pustavoit and Protasov received radiation doses of 400 rem. According to official information, 137 people developed acute radiation sickness.

On the official list	Name in Russian: Surname, first name and patronymic (Latin script) (Cyrillic)	Date and place of birth	Date and place of death	Cause of death	activity	description	Award
Yes	Akimov, Alexander Fyodorowitsch Акимов, Александр Фёдорович	May 6, 1953, Novosibirsk , Russian SFSR	May 11, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness, burns on 100% of the body, irradiated with 15 gray	Shift supervisor of block 4	Akimov was the chief reactor operator and was in the control room at the time of the explosion. He was fatally contaminated when trying to pump cooling water into the reactor.	Ukrainian Order of Third Degree Valor .
Yes	Baranow, Anatoly Ivanovich Баранов, Анатолий Иванович	June 13, 1953, Novja Majachka , Kherson Oblast , Ukrainian SSR	May 20, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	senior electrical engineer	Monitored the generators, participated in the fire fighting in the generator hall.	Ukrainian Order of Third Degree Valor , Soviet Order of the October Revolution
Yes	Braschnik, Vyacheslav Stepanovich Бражник, Вячеслав Степанович	May 3, 1957, Atbasar , Akmolinsk Oblast , Kazakh Soviet Republic	May 14, 1986	Acute radiation sickness	higher-ranking operator in the turbine room	Was in the turbine hall at the time of the explosion. Was contaminated with over 1000 wheels mainly from a piece of fuel near the turbo generator 7 during the manual operation of the turbine oil emergency valves.	Ukrainian Order of Third Degree Valor ; Badge of Honor of the Soviet Union .
Yes	Khodemchuk, Valery Illitsch Ходемчук, Валерий Ильич	March 24, 1951, Kropywne, Rajon Ivankiv , Kiev Oblast , Ukrainian SSR	April 26, 1986, Chernobyl	Injuries	chief technician, main circulator pump, 4th reactor	Khodemchuk's workplace was in the southern engine room of the main circulator pumps. He was believed to have been killed instantly by the explosion. His body was not found and is believed to be buried under the rubble of the steam boiler drum. A memorial stone for Khodemchuk was placed in the building of the 4th reactor.	Order of Valor of the Third Degree.
	Christitsch, Leonid Ivanovich Христич, Леонид Иванович	February 28, 1953	October 2, 1986, Chernobyl	Helicopter crash	Helicopter pilot	Christitsch's helicopter was supposed to drop material onto the exposed reactor. During the final approach, the helicopter collided with the cable of a crane and crashed.
Yes	Degtjarenko, Viktor Michailowitsch Дегтяренко, Виктор Михайлович	August 10, 1954, Ryazan , Russian SFSR	May 19, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Reactor driver	Degtjarenko was near the pumps at the time of the explosion. His face was scalded by hot water or steam.	Ukrainian Order of Third Degree Valor ; Badge of Honor of the Soviet Union .
	Dyatlow, Anatoly Stepanowitsch Дятлов, Анатолий Степанович	March 3, 1931, Atamanovo , Krasnoyarsk Territory , Russian SFSR	December 13, 1995, Kiev, Ukraine	Heart failure, probably a long-term consequence of radiation exposure	Delegate chief engineer of the power plant	Djatlov, as Fomin's assistant, oversaw the test and was present in the control room at the time of the explosion. Dyatlov was contaminated with 550 rads while exploring the damaged area with Nikolai Gorbachenko. He suffered burns on his face, right hand, and legs. After the disaster, he was expelled from the Communist Party and arrested in August 1986. In August 1987, a trial was opened against him in which he was sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp for grossly violating security regulations. After five years, he was released early due to poor health.
	Ganschuk, Nikolai Alexandrovich Gанжук, Николай Александрович	June 26, 1960	2nd October 1986	Helicopter crash	Helicopter crew	Ganschuk's helicopter was supposed to drop material onto the exposed reactor. During the final approach, the helicopter collided with the cable of a crane and crashed.
	Ignatenko, Wassili Iwanowitsch Игнатенко, Василий Иванович	March 13, 1961, Sperischye , Gomelskaya Oblast , Belarusian SSR	May 13, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Group commander, 6th Paramilitary Fire and Rescue Unit, Pripyat	Ignatenko, who held the rank of chief sergeant, was the first firefighter on the reactor roof. He was fatally irradiated while fighting the fire. He left behind his wife Ludmilla and her unborn child. She died shortly after birth of a heart defect and cirrhosis of the liver, which were probably caused by radiation.	Hero of Ukraine with the Order of the Golden Star, Cross for Valor , Order of the Red Banner
	Ivanenko, Jekaterina Alexandrovna Иваненко, Екатерина Александровна	September 11, 1932, Neschichow , Gomelskaya Oblast, Belarusian SSR	May 26, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Guardian	Ivanenko guarded a gate across from Block 4 and stayed there until morning.	Order of the Red Banner
Yes	Kibenok, Viktor Nikolayevich Кибенок, Виктор Николаевич	February 17, 1963, Ivankov, Kherson Oblast , Ukrainian SSR	May 11, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Fireman, 6th Paramilitary Fire and Rescue Unit, Pripyat, Kiev	Kibenok held the rank of lieutenant and headed the second unit. He was involved in the fire fighting in the reactor area, the main hall and in the space in between.	Hero of the Soviet Union and Order of Lenin , awarded by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on September 25, 1986.
Yes	Konowal, Yuri Ivanovich Коновал, Юрий Иванович	January 1, 1942, Ust-Charyschskaya Pristan , Altai region	May 28, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	electrician	Supervised facilities and supported fire fighting in the 4th and 5th block.	Ukrainian Order for Bravery Third Degree; Badge of Honor of the Soviet Union.
Yes	Kudrjawzew, Alexander Gennadijewitsch Кудрявцев, Александр Геннадиевич	December 11, 1957, Kirov , Russian SFSR	May 14, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Candidate for the post of chief reactor control engineer	Kudryavtsev was in the control room at the time of the explosion. He intended to find the control rods and manually drive them into the reactor. Kudryavzew was fatally irradiated when he looked into the exposed reactor core.	Ukrainian Order of Third Degree Valor .
Yes	Kurgus, Anatoly Charlampievich Кургуз, Анатолий Харлампиевич	June 12, 1957, Krasnovichi, Bryansk Oblast , Russian SFSR	May 12, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	chief reactor operator, central hall	Kurgus was scalded when radioactive vapor entered his workplace. Regardless of this, he supported the recovery of other workers. Oleg Genrich, who worked with him, survived.	Order of Lenin , Ukrainian Cross for Valor
Yes	Leletschenko, Alexander Grigoryevich Лелеченко, Александр Григорьевич	July 26, 1938, Novoorechowka, Lubensky District, Poltava Oblast , Ukrainian SSR	May 7, 1986, Kiev, Ukrainian SSR	Acute radiation sickness, irradiated with over 2,500 rads	Deputy Head of the Electrical Department	Leletschenko was the former shift manager of the electrical department at the Leningrad power plant. At the time of the explosion, he was just entering the control room and was with Kukhar. In order to protect his younger colleagues from the danger of high doses of radiation, he entered areas flooded by radioactive water and partially blocked by debris three times in order to shut off the electrolysers and the hydrogen supply to the generators. Then he tries to establish the power supply to the pumps. After receiving medical attention, he continued his work for several hours.	Order of Lenin , Hero of Ukraine with the Order of the Golden Star, Ukrainian Cross for Valor
Yes	Lopatjuk, Viktor Ivanovich Лопатюк, Виктор Иванович	August 22, 1960, Lilov, Kiev Oblast, Ukrainian SSR	May 17, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	electrician	Lopatyuk was fatally irradiated when he switched off the electrolysers.	Order of Lenin , Ukrainian Cross for Valor .
Yes	Lusganowa, Klawdija Ivanovna Лузганова, Клавдия Ивановна	May 9, 1927	July 31, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness, probably irradiated with 600 Rad	Guardian	Guarded the construction site of a warehouse for used fuel elements, which was 200 meters away from Unit 4.	Order of the Red Banner .
Yes	Nowik, Alexander Wassiljewitsch Новик, Александр Васильевич	August 11, 1961, Horodyschtsche, Dubrovytskyi Raion, Rivne Oblast , Ukrainian SSR	July 26, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Machinist and inspector of the turbine apparatus	Was irradiated with over 100 wheels during the fire fighting and security work in the turbine hall. Most of this radiation exposure was believed to have been caused by a fuel element hurled into a transformer at turbo-generator 7 when he tried to call the control room.	Ukrainian Order of Third Degree Valor
	Orlow, Ivan Lukitsch Орлов, Иван Лукич	January 10, 1945	May 13, 1986	Acute radiation sickness	physicist	Orlov was fatally irradiated when he tried to turn on the water supply to the reactor.
	Orlov, Varsinian Орлов, Варсиниан	?	?	Acute radiation sickness	local doctor	Orlov treated irradiated people at the scene of the accident for three hours. With these he was taken to the 6th Moscow Hospital.
Yes	Pertschuk, Konstantin Grigoryevich Перчук, Константин Григорьевич	November 23, 1952, Magadan , Kolyma, Russian SFSR	May 20, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Turbine operator, senior engineer	The machinist and inspector of the turbine apparatus was irradiated with over 1000 wheels during the extinguishing and safety work in the turbine hall. Most of this radiation exposure is believed to have been caused by a fuel element hurled into a transformer at turbo-generator 7 when he tried to operate the turbine emergency oil outlet.	Ukrainian Order of Third Degree Valor .
Yes	Perevostschenko, Valeri Ivanovich Перевозченко, Валерий Иванович	May 6, 1947, Starodub , Bryansk , Russian SFSR	May 13, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Foreman in the reactor area	Perevozchenko was fatally irradiated while trying to find and recover Khodemchuk and others. He later tried to locate the control rods so that they could be manually driven into the reactor. Together with Kudryavtsev and Proskuyakov, he looked directly into the exposed reactor core. He suffered burns on the side of his body and back.	Ukrainian Order for Valor, Third Degree.
	Popov, Georgi Illarionowitsch Попов, Георгий Илларионович	February 21, 1940	June 13, 1986	Acute radiation sickness	Popov was employed by the Kharkiv Turbatom plant , which was a subcontractor in the power plant	The vibration specialist worked in a mobile laboratory at Turbine 8. He supported the fire fighting in the turbine hall.
Yes	Prawik, Vladimir Pavlovich Правик, Владимир Павлович	June 13, 1962, Chernobyl , Kiev Oblast , Ukrainian SSR	May 11, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Officer, 2nd Paramilitary Fire and Rescue Unit, Chernobyl	Prawik led the first team on the reactor roof and went several times to the roof of Unit C, where he supervised the extinguishing work on floor 71. He received a fatal dose of radiation. His eyes are said to have changed color from brown to blue due to the radiation.	Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin , awarded by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on September 25, 1986.
Yes	Proskuryakov, Viktor Vasilovich Проскуряков, Виктор Васильович	April 9, 1955, Svobodny , Amur Oblast , Russian SFSR	May 17, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Candidate for the post of chief engineer for reactor control	Was in the control room at the time of the explosion. When trying to find the control rods to drive them into the reactor core, he looked directly into the exposed reactor core. He suffered burns all over his body and was fatally irradiated.	Ukrainian Order for Valor Third Degree. Soviet Order for Valor .
	Savenkow, Vladimir Ivanovich Савенков, Владимир Иванович	February 15, 1958	May 21, 1986	Acute radiation sickness	Savenkov was employed by the Kharkiv Turbatom plant , which was a subcontractor in the power plant	The vibration specialist worked in a mobile laboratory at Turbine 8. He was the first to fall ill and his body was buried in a lead coffin in Kharkiv.
Yes	Schapovalov, Anatoly Ivanovich Шаповалов, Анатолий Иванович	April 6, 1941, Kirovohrad , Ukrainian SSR	May 19, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	electrician	Supported the extinguishing work and tried to look after the electrical systems	Ukrainian Order for Bravery Third Degree; Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples .
Yes	Shashenok, Vladimir Nikolayevich Шашенок, Владимир Николаевич	April 21, 1951, Shchucha Hreblja , Chernihiv Oblast , Ukrainian SSR	April 26, 1986, Kiev	thermal and radiation burns, trauma	System adjuster	Schaschenok was in operation Atomenergonaladka that occurred as a subcontractor of the plant, busy. He was working in room 604 and was found there unconscious and trapped under a beam. He suffered a fractured spine, broken ribs and deep burns. He died in the hospital without regaining consciousness.	Ukrainian Order of Third Degree Valor ; Soviet Order for Courage .
	Shevchenko, Vladimir Nikitich Шевченко, Владимир Никитич	December 23, 1929	March 29, 1987	Cancer, Complications of Acute Radiation Sickness	Ukrainian cameraman	Shevchenko filmed numerous well-known shots from the early stages of the accident, including the shot of the helicopter that crashed after a collision with a rope.
Yes	Sitnikow, Anatoly Andreevich Ситников, Анатолий Андреевич	January 20, 1940, Voskressenka, Primorsky Krai , Russian SFSR	May 30, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Deputy chief engineer, physicist	Sitnikov was fatally irradiated with around 1500 x-rays, mainly on the head, when he was sent by Fomin to the roof of Unit C to explore the reactor hall and the reactor.	Soviet Order of Lenin , Ukrainian Cross for Valor
Yes	Teljatnikow, Leonid Petrovich Телятников, Леонид Петрович	January 25, 1951 Vvdenka, Qostanai Region , Kazakh Soviet Republic	December 2, 2004, Kiev	died of cancer 18 years after the accident in which he received a radiation dose of 400 rads.	Head of the 2nd Paramilitary Fire and Rescue Unit, Chernobyl	Telyatnikov headed the plant fire brigade. He was in command of the fire fighting. After the accident, he continued to work for the internal forces of the Soviet Union and later the Ukraine. He retired in 1995 with the rank of general.	Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin , awarded by a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on September 25, 1986, Ukrainian Cross for Valor
Yes	Tischchura, Vladimir Ivanovich Тищура, Владимир Иванович	December 15, 1959, North Railway Station, Leningrad Oblast , Russian SFSR	May 10, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Fireman, 6th Paramilitary Fire and Rescue Unit, Pripyat, Kiev	Sergeant in Kibenok's unit was involved in the fire fighting in the reactor area, the main hall and the separation area.	Hero of Ukraine with the Order of the Golden Star, Ukrainian Cross for Valor , Order of the Red Banner
Yes	Titenok, Nikolai Ivanovich Титенок, Николай Иванович	December 5, 1962, Mykolaivka, Kiev Oblast , Ukrainian SSR	May 16, 1986, Moscow	external and internal radiation burns, bullous heart	Fireman, 6th Paramilitary Fire and Rescue Unit, Pripyat, Kiev	Oberwachtmeister in Kibenok's unit, was involved in the fire fighting in the reactor area, the main hall and the separation area. It was presumably contaminated during extinguishing work on the reactor roof and in the area of ​​the reactor core.	Hero of Ukraine with the Order of the Golden Star, Ukrainian Cross for Valor , Order of the Red Banner
Yes	Toptunow, Leonid Fjodorowitsch Topunov, Леонид Федорович	August 16, 1960, Nikolievka, Burinsky Raion, Sumy Oblast , Russian SFSR	May 14, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Chief reactor control engineer	He was in Akimov's control room at the time of the explosion; he received a lethal dose of radiation while attempting to restore the water supply to the reactor.	Ukrainian Cross for Third Degree Valor.
Yes	Waschtschuk, Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Ващук, Николай Васильевич	June 5, 1955, Bolshaya Khaicha , Zhytomyr Oblast , Ukrainian SSR	May 14, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Group commander, 6th Paramilitary Fire and Rescue Unit, Pripyat, Kiev	Vashchuk, who held the rank of sergeant, was involved in the fire fighting in the reactor area, the main hall and the separation area.	Hero of Ukraine with the Order of the Golden Star.
Yes	Vershinin, Yuri Anatolyevich Вершинин, Юрий Анатольевич	May 22, 1959, Kosino , Kirov Oblast , Russian SFSR	July 21, 1986, Moscow	Acute radiation sickness	Machinist and inspector of the turbines	Vershinin was in the turbine hall at the time of the explosion and was irradiated there with over 1000 rads. This radiation exposure was mainly caused by a piece of fuel near the turbo generator 7.	Ukrainian Order of Third Degree Valor ; Badge of Honor of the Soviet Union .
	Vorobjow, Wladimir Konstantinowitsch Воробьёв, Владимир Константинович	March 21, 1956	October 2, 1986, Chernobyl	Helicopter crash	Helicopter crew	Vorobyov's helicopter was supposed to drop material on the exposed reactor. During the final approach, the helicopter collided with the cable of a crane and crashed.
	Junchkind, Oleksandr Yevchnovych Юнхкинд, Олександр Евхновйч	April 15, 1958	October 2, 1986, Chernobyl	Helicopter crash	Helicopter crew	Junchkind's helicopter was supposed to drop material onto the exposed reactor. During the final approach, the helicopter collided with the cable of a crane and crashed.

Remarks

1. ↑ The marked people are on the original 28 person list of fatalities
2. ↑ Contrary to reports to the contrary, Alexei Michailowitsch Ananenko, Boris Alexandrowitsch Baranow and Valeri Bespalov, some of whom opened valves while diving, to allow water to drain from the lower reactor area, did not perish in the course of the accident. Baranov died in 2005 at the age of 65 with no documented connection to the nuclear disaster. The other two are still alive today (as of 2019).
3. ↑ The clean-up work and the operation of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant were coordinated in Russian. Due to several transcriptions, names and terms differ in their spelling from their original, especially Ukrainian or Belarusian, spelling.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Health effects due to radiation from the Chernobyl accident (Annex D of the UNSCEAR report from 2008 )
2. ↑ Chernobyl's Legacy: Health, Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts
3. ^ Health Impacts, Chernobyl Accident, Appendix 2 . World Nuclear Association. 2009. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
4. ↑ What causes cancer? . American Cancer Association. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
5. ^ Louis Henry Hempelman: What Has Happened to the Survivors of the Early Los Alamos Nuclear Accidents? . In: Conference for Radiation Accident Preparedness. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. See "Discussion" section.
6. ↑ David R. Maples: Chernobyl: The Decade of Despair , Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May 1996, p. 20
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Последняя командировка [Архив] - Forum on pripyat.com . Forum.pripyat.com. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
8. ↑ Воспоминания Р.И.Давлетбаева . Voropay.net. Retrieved on March 22, 2010.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
9. ↑ ^{a b} Adam Higginbotham: Adam Higginbotham: Chernobyl 20 years on | World news | The Observer , Guardian. March 26, 2006. Retrieved March 22, 2010. 
10. ^ Ukrainian History - Dr. W. Zuzak's Chernobyl Files: Chernobyl on the Internet, Part 2 . InfoUkes. Retrieved on March 22, 2010.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
11. ↑ Chernobyl - Chernobyl - Information . Chernobyl.info. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
12. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o} History does not know the words 'too late' - Publications. Materials about: Pripyat, Chernobyl accident . Pripyat.com. July 23, 2007. Archived from the original on August 20, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 22, 2010. 
13. ↑ Юрий Щербак "Чернобыль" . Kuto4ok.info. Archived from the original on November 2, 2009. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 22, 2010. 
14. ↑ ^{a b} Лузганова Клавдия Ивановна / Прочие катастрофы / Чернобыльская авария 26 апреля 1986 г . Pomnimih.ru. Retrieved on March 22, 2010.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
15. ↑ Памятники в Красногорске . Krasnogorsk.ru. Archived from the original on January 3, 2011. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 22, 2010. 
16. ↑ Chernobyl Accident 1986 . World Nuclear Association. April 2014. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
17. ↑ Grigori Medvedev: The Truth about Chernobyl . IBTauris, 1991, p. 86 (accessed April 26, 2014).
18. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v} Chernobyl NPP Heros . Archived from the original on April 29, 2014. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved April 28, 2014. 
19. ↑ ^{a b c d} Video of the Chernobyl helicopter crash .
20. ↑ Leopolis April 2006 . Leopolis.blogspot.com. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
21. ↑ Sergey Petrov: Сразу же после аварии на ЧАЭС . Bluesbag6.narod.ru. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
22. ↑ Ksenia Zubachev: Was Anatoly Djatlov really the main culprit in the Chernobyl disaster? In: Russia Beyond. TV-Novosti, June 17, 2019, accessed January 10, 2020 . 
23. ^ Svetlana Alexievich: Voices from Chernobyl. Dalkey Archive Press: 2005. Originally published as: Чернобыльска. Moліtва. Eдitioнс Oсtojie: 1997 . Archived from the original on March 9, 2014. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 7, 2014. 
24. ↑ ^{a b} Г.Медведев Чернобыльская Тетрадь . Library.narod.ru. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
25. ↑ Как готовился взрыв Чернобыля. (Воспоминания В.И.Борца.) - Версии г.Припять (Чернобыль) . Pripyat.com. July 23, 2007. Archived from the original on May 1, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 22, 2010. 
26. ↑ Документы ЧАЭС: Свидетельства очевидцев и показания свидетелей "ЧАЭС Зона отчуждения . Chernobil.info. Accessed on 22 February 1999.
27. ↑ Natasha Lisova: Nation & World | Far from their buried husbands, Chernobyl widows still cope with loss | Seattle Times Newspaper . Community.seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
28. ^ Robert E. Ebel: Chernobyl and Its Aftermath: A Chronology of Events . Center for Strategic and International Studies, (Retrieved April 26, 2014).
29. ↑ http://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/30/world/a-soviet-film-maker-at-chernobyl-in-86-is-dead-of-radiation.html
30. ↑ The Chernobyl Disaster: The Severe Days . youtube channel andree965. November 10, 2006. Retrieved October 5, 2012.