Chornobyl

Chornobyl

Чорнобиль

Chornobyl

Basic data

Oblast :

Kiev Oblast

Rajon :

Ivankiv Raion

Height :

140 m

Area :

Information is missing

Residents :

690 (2017)

Postcodes :

07200

Area code :

+380 4593

Geographic location :

51 ° 16 ' N , 30 ° 14' E Coordinates: 51 ° 16 '25 " N , 30 ° 13' 35" E

KOATUU :

3222010500

Administrative structure :

1 city

Address:

вул. Івана Проскури буд. 7
07201 смт. Іванків

Website :

Municipal administration website

Statistical information

Chornobyl

Chornobyl ( Ukrainian Чорнобиль [ tʃɔrˈnɔbɪʎ ]), better known as Chernobyl (transcription from Russian Чернобыль [ tʃɛrˈnɔbɨl ]), is a city in northern Ukraine in Kiev Oblast .

Trumpeting angel , memorial at the liquidators cemetery in Chornobyl

The city was evacuated due to radioactive contamination from May 2, 1986, one week after the nuclear accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant 18 kilometers away , which became known as the Chernobyl nuclear disaster .

Since then, Chornobyl has been located within the 30 km exclusion zone , but outside the inner 10 km exclusion zone, so that many buildings in the city were later renovated to accommodate the workers and engineers of the former Pripyat power station park, soldiers, police officers and firefighters serve. There is also a hotel in the city, which, unlike neighboring Pripyat , is in good condition. In the surrounding area and in the urban area of Chornobyl, which has not been approved for permanent settlement, around 700 (out of 14,000) people who either did not leave the region after the disaster or who later moved to theirs live illegally, but tolerated by the authorities Villages returned.

In its list published in 2006, 2007 and 2013, the environmental organization Blacksmith Institute ranked Chornobyl among the ten places with the greatest pollution worldwide.

Geographical location

Chornobyl is located in the Ivankiv Raion in the Polesian countryside 15 kilometers southwest of the Belarusian border and 130 km north of the Kiev Oblast center . The city is located at an altitude of 140 m on the right bank of the Prypiat , a tributary of the Dnieper . The Ush flows into the Pripyat a little below the city . Coming from Ivankiw , the regional road P-56 / territorial road T-25-05 leads over the restricted zone checkpoint at Dytjatky to Chernobyl and from here in an eastbound direction on a short distance as P-35 through Belarus, after crossing the Dnepr as P-56 to lead to Chernihiv .

To the name of the city

The name Tschornobyl or Tschornobylnyk ( Чорнобиль, Чорнобильник ) is a Ukrainian name for the plant species mugwort ( Artemisia vulgaris ).

Saint Elias Church 2013

history

The first written mention of Chornobyl comes from the year 1193. The village in the Principality of Kiev was conquered in 1362 by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania . In 1552 the settlement had 196 houses and 1,372 inhabitants. Handicraft businesses such as blacksmiths and coopers developed . Marsh ore was mined near Chernobyl , which was then smelted into iron. After the Lublin Union of 1569 between Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland , Chornobyl fell under the Polish crown. In 1747 and 1751 the city was conquered by the Hajdamaks . To defend against the Hajdamaks, the then owner of the town Jan Mikołaj Chodkiewicz built a castle with a crew of 700 soldiers and 12 cannons. After the second Polish partition in 1793, Chornobyl was incorporated into the Russian Empire together with the right bank Ukraine and was located there in the Ujesd Radomyshl in the Kiev governorate . In the second half of the 18th century, crafts and trade grew rapidly in Chornobyl. There were workshops of tailors, shoemakers and furriers . Large trade fairs were held in the city and merchandise such as wood and tar were exported to Kiev and Kremenchuk , among others . Small businesses emerged in the first half of the 19th century, including a leather and two candle factories.

After the end of the Russian Civil War , during which Chornobyl was very badly destroyed, the village belonged to the Ukrainian SSR within the Soviet Union . In 1941 it was granted city status, which by 1979 grew to 12,458 inhabitants. During the German-Soviet War , the village was occupied by Wehrmacht troops between August 25, 1941 and November 16, 1943 .

In the nearby nuclear power plant , on April 26, 1986, the worst nuclear accident in the history of the use of nuclear energy occurred , which led to the evacuation of the entire population of the city.

Chernobyl has been the capital of the eponymous raion since 1923, with an area of about 2000 km² and 44,000 inhabitants (1984), which, after being almost depopulated after the nuclear disaster, was dissolved at the end of 1988 and added to the Ivankiv Rajon. Chornobyl has been part of independent Ukraine since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 .

In 2020, extensive forest fires broke out in the contaminated forests around Chernobyl, which were left to their own devices after 1986 .

Wooden synagogue in Chornobyl, 1928

Synagogue 2013

population

Judaism in Chornobyl

From the end of the 17th century Jews lived in Chornobyl, which by the 19th century had grown to become the largest ethnic group in the city (in 1897 the proportion of Jewish citizens was 60% of the population). Due to the pogroms and migration of 1905 and 1919, the proportion of the Jewish population sank to 40% by 1926. From the late 18th century to 1919, Chernobyl was the seat of the Hasidic Twersky dynasty founded by Rabbi Nachum von Chernobyl (1730–1787) and a center of Hasidism. The community was destroyed by the German occupiers in 1941.

Population development

Sources: 1552, 1790s, 1900; 1880; 1897 1923-1979;

Economy and industry

Chornobyl was home to the industrial and technical center of the Dnieper steamship , an ironworks , food industry and arts and crafts as well as a building materials combine .

The Ukraine's first nuclear power plant was built near the city on the Pripyat bank since 1971. The first block was put into operation in 1977 with an output of 1,000 megawatts ; in 1983 four blocks were operating. At that time, the entire block power plant generated 4,000 megawatts and was planned for expansion up to 6,000 megawatts. The power plant continued to work after the disaster (INES: 7) from 1986 until the last unit was shut down in 2000. Today the city is an attraction for disaster tourism in Ukraine .

Education, social and cultural institutions

Tschornobyl housed four general secondary schools, a medical and an agricultural technical college and a music school. There was also a hospital and polyclinic, as well as a cinema, swimming pool and library.

Entrance to Chornobyl

The Monument to Those Who Saved the World is a monument to the Liquidators , erected in 1996

Museum of the Memorial Complex “Зірка полину” (Wormwood Star) 2013

Kirovstrasse 2009

Administration building and canteen in the city center 2013

Chornobyl area. Recorded in 1997 from the Russian Mir space station

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Rozalia Lubomirska (1768–1794), princess of the House of Lubomirski and victim of the French Revolution
Aleksander Franciszek Chodkiewicz (1776–1838), Polish-Lithuanian general, politician, researcher and poet
Ilya Alexandrowitsch Saz (1875–1912), Russian composer
Arnold Borissowitsch Lachowski (1880–1937), Russian painter
Michail Michailow (1888–1923), Russian-Jewish violinist and conductor
Grigori Irmowitsch Nowak (1919–1980), weightlifter
Nikolai Alexejewitsch Jefimow (1897–1937), officer in the Red Army and KomKor