Metro line 13 (Paris)
The Line 13 of the Paris Métro has two branches north and connects the stations Asnières - Gennevilliers - Les Courtilles or Saint-Denis - Université in the north with Châtillon - Montrouge in the south of Paris .
history
Building history
Today's line 13 was made up of two lines: the former "Line B" of the Société du chemin de fer électrique souterrain Nord-Sud de Paris ( north-south for short ) and the old line 14. Line B was opened on February 26, 1911 Opened on the section from Saint-Lazare to the Porte de Saint-Ouen station, a branch line from La Fourche to Porte de Clichy followed on January 20, 1912. The La Fourche station (German for: the fork ) was built on two levels for safety reasons: at the top two tracks going out and into the city, at the bottom one - coming from the north-east branch - towards the city center. This had the advantage that crossing traffic did not have to be expected on any track. This route leads through working-class neighborhoods, which has given it a high volume of traffic from the start.
Line 14 (old) was originally planned as "Line C" from the north-south . However, it was not built until 1934 by the Compagnie du chemin de fer métropolitain de Paris (CMP) - this had taken over the Nord-Sud in 1930 and with it Line B, which was now run as "Line 13". On January 21, 1937, the section between Porte de Vanves and Avenue du Maine (now Montparnasse - Bienvenüe ) was opened. Half a year later (July 27, 1937) it was extended, but the extension was not a completely new building. It is the Duroc - Invalides section of line 10 . This was directed to the west, the orphaned northern section was connected to the 14 (old) via a short new line ( Duroc - Avenue du Maine ). The Montparnasse - Bienvenüe station used to consist of the two individual stations Montparnasse (lines 4 and 12 ) and Bienvenüe (lines 10 and 14 (old)). These were now linked via a long connecting tunnel so that a common station was created.
The extension of line 13 from Porte de Saint-Ouen to the Carrefour Pleyel station began before the Second World War , but construction work was suspended during the German occupation and was only resumed after the liberation of Paris at the end of 1944. On June 30, 1952, the section went into operation. In September 1951 the first MA train was delivered to the RATP, from February 1952 to May 1953 line 13 was completely converted to this series.
One of the first plans for the RER network was to link Montparnasse and Saint-Lazare stations . However, it was recognized that a link between lines 13 and 14 (old) could be realized at a fraction of the cost. In addition, it was possible to take advantage of several positive additional effects: The heavily loaded 13 had a higher capacity and the chronically overloaded line 12 could be relieved. The new line continued to provide connections to the important east-west line 1 and metro line 9 .
The link was made in 3 stages: Saint-Lazare - Miromesnil on June 27, 1973, Miromesnil - Champs-Elysées – Clemenceau (Grand Palais) on February 18, 1975 and the last section Champs-Elysées – Clemenceau (Grand Palais) - Invalides on November 9, 1976. The old loop at Invalides station was still used to park trains after the extension went into operation. The newly created line was given the number 13.
On May 20, 1976, the north branch of Carrefour Pleyel was extended to Saint-Denis Basilique station . On November 9, 1976 (date of the merger), a southern expansion also went into operation, between Porte de Vanves and Châtillon-Montrouge
On May 9, 1980, another extension went into operation in the northwest, between Porte de Clichy and Gabriel Péri ; almost 20 years later, on May 25, 1998, the (for the time being) last north-east section Saint-Denis Basilique - Saint-Denis-Université .
Second World War
When France declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939, line 14 (section of today's line 13 between Invalides and Porte de Vanves ) was completely closed , along with other lines . The reason was that many Métro employees were drafted into the military. On September 30, 1939, the line - initially between Duroc and Porte de Vanves - was reopened.
Renamed stations
In the course of the more than 100-year history of the Paris Metro, the names of a number of stations have changed. Some stations have even been renamed several times. The following stations were affected on line 13:
| today's name | since | previous name (s) | comment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liège | 1914 | Berlin | |
| Champs-Élysées - Clemenceau | 1931 | Champs-Élysées | |
| Montparnasse - Bienvenüe | 1942 | Montparnasse | Merging of the originally separate stations Montparnasse and Bienvenüe |
| Guy Moquet | 1946 | until 1912: Marcadet 1912–1946: Marcadet-Balagny |
|
| Basilique de Saint-Denis | 1998 | Saint-Denis - Basilique | |
| Gabriel Péri | 2008 | Gabriel Péri - Asnières - Gennevilliers | Extension of the route to Asnières - Gennevilliers - Les Courtilles |
During rush hour traffic (6:30 am to 9:00 am and 5:00 pm to 7:00 pm) the branches are served in a ratio of two (Asnières – Gennevilliers Les Courtilles) to three (Saint-Denis), otherwise alternately.
13bis
Porte de Clichy - Saint Lazare was not always used by the 13. For a few years there was a shuttle service under line number 13bis between Porte de Clichy and La Fourche.
Technical innovations and vehicles
vehicles
Even before the merger of line 13 and line 14 (old), trains of the type MF 67 were used on the latter ; after the merger, it was practically only these vehicles that carried the traffic.
In 1978 line 13 was the first to be equipped with MF77 vehicles. The first train of this type hit the line on September 27, 1978.
Central control center and pilotage automatique
A central PCC control center was set up on line 13 as early as 1974 .
In 1977 the (semi) automatic train control pilotage automatique was introduced.
Platform screen doors
The first platform screen doors on the Paris Metro were installed on Line 13. In 2006 a total of three platforms were fitted with three different types of platform screen doors for test purposes. These were the two platforms of the Saint-Lazare station and the eastern platform of the Invalides station , where the trains to the north depart. With the experience gained here, a decision was made to order the platform screen doors for Line 1.
The installation of an automatic train turning system in the final station Châtillon - Montrouge with driverless track change from the arrival track to the departure track in 2008 made the installation of platform screen doors inevitable.
Even before Line 1 was fully equipped with platform screen doors, 12 of the most important and busiest stations on Line 13 were finally equipped with platform screen doors between the end of 2009 and 2012. The following sections of the route are affected: Between Saint-Lazare and Montparnasse - Bienvenüe ; between Place de Clichy and Saint-Denis - Porte de Paris ; and the station Basilique de Saint-Denis .
Projects
Technology and infrastructure improvements
Traffic densification through computer-aided guidance system
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Train traffic on line 13 is to be accelerated through the use of a CTBC train control system with the artificial name OURAGAN (= Offre urbaine renouvelée et améliorée gérée par un automatisme nouveau ). The contract was originally awarded to Alcatel in 2003. A little later, the division responsible for the project was taken over by Thales . The aim of the new control system was to reduce the train interval from 100 s to 90 s. Commissioning was planned for 2007, but one year earlier it was noticed that the proposed solution did not meet all the requirements of the specification - especially in the security sector. For a while, 2011 was named for the introduction. The point is that the system of the train ignores the side signal systems and instead has to adhere to the speed set by the central computer of the control center. The driverless train turning system at the final station in Châtillon-Montrouge - which is controlled by OURAGAN - made it possible to reduce the train sequence by 5 seconds.
In spring 2015 the situation is as follows: The 66 trains of the MF77 series, which run on line 13, are equipped with OURAGAN on-board devices. The first trains - outside of public operations - carry out test drives to check the safety requirements of the system. It is hoped that OURAGAN can be taken over into daily operations in the course of 2016.
Route extensions
- An extension of the northwest branch to the Asnières-Gennevilliers - Les Courtilles station was completed in 2008. The desired extension of the route to Port de Gennevilliers is no longer included in the route development plan from 2012.
- An extension to Stains is planned for the other northern branch (Saint-Denis) , where Stains-La Cerisaie could be a transfer station for the planned Tram Express Nord .
- Due to the high volume of traffic on the sections of line 13, people have been looking for relief options for a long time. The following planning is now to be implemented by the end of 2017: Line 14 will be extended by 5.5 km to the north. Four new stations will be created: Pont Cardinet, Porte de Clichy (change to the north-west branch of line 13) , Clichy-St-Ouen-RER C (change to RER C ) and Mairie de Saint-Ouen (change to the north-east branch of line 13) . With this measure it is hoped to be able to relieve line 13 of more than 20% of the passenger numbers.
literature
- Jean Tricoire: Un siècle de métro en 14 lignes: De Bienvenüe à Météor . 3. Edition. La Vie du Rail, Paris 2004, ISBN 2-915034-32-X .
Web links
- Line plan (pdf, 171 kB)
- Nina Belz: Anyone who gets on line 13 in Paris has only one goal: to get off as quickly as possible. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), August 8, 2019
- Kim Rahir: Paris Métro. From heaven to hell and back. In: SpOn , November 10, 2006
Individual evidence
- ^ Jean Tricoire: Un siècle de métro en 14 lignes. De Bienvenüe à Météor . 2nd Edition. La Vie du Rail, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-902808-87-9 , p. 307 .
- ↑ Jean Tricoire: op. Cit. , P. 95.
- ↑ Mark Ovenden: Paris Underground. The Maps, Stations, and Design of the Métro . Penguin Books, London 2009, ISBN 978-0-14-311639-4 , pp. 77 .
- ↑ News in brief in: Stadtverkehr 2/1979, p. 95.
- ↑ Press release: Façades de quai ligne 13 du métro, début des travaux à la station Miromesnil. ( Memento of March 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ). In: Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France ( STIF ), (since July 2017: Île-de-France Mobilités ), December 29, 2009, (PDF; 3.7 kB), French.
- ↑ Octys, Ouragan: où en est-on? In: Transportparis , April 2, 2015, (French), accessed August 10, 2019.
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