Berlin-Malchow
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Malchow district of Berlin |
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 34 '45 " N , 13 ° 28' 57" E |
| surface | 1.54 km² |
| Residents | 635 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 412 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation | Oct. 1, 1920 |
| Post Code | 13051 |
| District number | 1106 |
| Administrative district | Lichtenberg |
Malchow [ ˈmalçoː ] is a Berlin district in the Lichtenberg district . The suburb of Malchow, which was newly formed with the administrative reform in 2001, is located in the adjacent Pankow district .
history
Beginning of settlement up to the Middle Ages
As early as the Mesolithic (around 5000 BC), hunters, gatherers and fishermen used the area around Malchow as a resting place. Due to the abundance of fish and the fertile soil, settlement began from then on. Archaeological finds such as flint tools and heart-shaped arrowheads attest to this . In the younger Bronze Age (approx. 1200 BC) the area was then more intensively populated and used. Finds from Malchow's soil also date from the pre-Roman Iron Age and the Slavic early Middle Ages .
During the 13th century, German farmers founded the village of Malchow, probably around 1230, like most of the villages in the Berlin area on the Barnim . The relatively carefully square stone masonry shows that the early Gothic village church was built in the second half of the 13th century ( blown up in 1945 by members of the Wehrmacht ). In 1344, the place Malchow was first mentioned as Malchowe in a deed of donation from Ludwig the Elder (Margrave of Brandenburg) . In the land book of Charles IV from 1375 the village was mentioned with 52 hooves , four of which were parish hooves. It had a jug (taberna) . In addition to the hoof farmers, 28 cottagers lived in the village . Already before 1375 the village was owned by the Malchower branch of the noble von Barfus family . They sold it to Paul von Fuchs in 1684 .
Expansion in the 17th century
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In 1629 the imperial regiments camped under Wallenstein in Malchow. The place received a forge and a post mill in 1642. Paul von Fuchs, a Brandenburg - Prussian state minister, exchanged his Blankenburg property for the Malchower estate in 1684. The following years are referred to as Malchow's heyday, as Paul von Fuchs expanded the place into his “noble seat”. Under his leadership a preacher's widow's house and orphanage was built and the church was renovated. In the 18th century, King Friedrich I and then Christian Ludwig von Brandenburg-Schwedt acquired the estate one after the other . In addition to the creation of new avenues, the pleasure garden was also expanded. From 1734 Malchow was administered by Niederschönhausen until - after it was once again under private management in the 19th century - it was acquired by the City of Berlin in 1882, which used large areas as sewage fields . At this time, targeted breeding of food fish began on Malchower See , which was operated until the 1960s. In 1920 Malchow was also incorporated into Greater Berlin and assigned to the Weissensee district .
New residential areas are emerging
At the end of the 1920s, Malchow got a bus connection to Weißensee and thus moved closer to the city of Berlin. In the 1930s, Malchow expanded with the emergence of the Margaretenhöhe settlement and the Niles settlement built by the Niles-Werke southeast of Lake Malchow.
Around 1955 the former estate in Malchow was converted into public property. The people's own estate (VEG) Malchow was now used for feed production. When Hohenschönhausen split off from Weißensee in 1985 , Malchow was split up. The village center and the Margaretenhöhe settlement have belonged to the Hohenschönhausen district since then . The suburban settlement, on the other hand, remained in the Weißensee district, which opened up in the Pankow district in 2001.
The GDR plans for Malchow provided for the construction of a large housing estate from 1990 .
Malchow from 1990
Since the district reform in 2001 and the resulting dissolution of the Hohenschönhausen district, Malchow has belonged to the Lichtenberg district . The boundaries of the district were also re-cut; the Margaretenhöhe settlement was added to the Wartenberg district and the Niles settlement to the Neu-Hohenschönhausen district. In terms of population, Malchow is the smallest district of Berlin with 618 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2018).
population
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 2007 | 470 |
| 2010 | 488 |
| 2015 | 560 |
| 2016 | 592 |
| 2017 | 600 |
| 2018 | 645 |
| 2019 | 635 |
Source: Statistical Report AI 5. Population in the State of Berlin on December 31st. Basic data. Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (respective years)
Architectural monuments
- The medieval village church in the old village center dates from the 13th century. It was completely destroyed in World War II and has not been rebuilt. Some remains of the surrounding walls are still preserved. In the ruins there are some inscription tombstones of the pastor's Neander family from the end of the 17th century.
- The former Malchow manor house is at Dorfstrasse 9. From 1682 to 1705 it was owned by Minister Paul von Fuchs , who redesigned it into a baroque, castle-like complex. In the period that followed, numerous changes were made. The two-storey plastered building with two pavilion-like side wings was given its current shape from 1865 to 1866 in the style of the Schinkel succession. From 1951 to 2004 the building was used by the agricultural and horticultural faculty of the Humboldt University . The baroque pleasure garden to the west of the palace is only partially recognizable.
- Numerous farm workers' houses from the late 19th century
Education, culture and nature
- Primary school in the country with a children's farm, called the Knirpsenfarm
- Nature conservation station, organizes the annual stork festival
- The Hechtgraben, the Berl and the Malchower See form the abundance of water in the district. The Malchower See also serves as a fishing water.
- The Malchower Aue nature reserve is a bit away from the lake. It is important as a breeding and migration area for birds as well as for the conservation of native amphibian species. The Luch on Margaretenhöhe is a moor area.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Museum Lichtenberg in the town hall (ed.): Fascination Archeology. Finds from prehistory and early history in Lichtenberg and Hohenschönhausen. Brochure accompanying the exhibition, Berlin 2012.
- ↑ History and rural idyll in Malchow. Retrieved March 19, 2015 .
- ↑ Statistical report AI 5 - hj 2 / 19. Residents in the state of Berlin on December 31, 2019. Basic data. P. 26.
- ↑ Oliver Menges, Karsten Thieme: Malchow manor. Construction analysis and usage perspectives . In: Dorothée Sack , Martin Gussone, Dietmar Kurapkat, Daniela Spiegel (eds.): Master's degree in Monument Preservation Yearbook 2006-08 . Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-931278-49-6 , pp. 88 ( tu-berlin.de [PDF; 813 kB ]). PDF; 813 kB ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Horst Ulrich, Uwe Prell, Ernst Luuk: Berlin Handbook. The lexicon of the federal capital. FAB-Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-927551-27-9 , p. 795.
- ↑ Fried Park Cemetery Malchow - Paul von Fuchs. Retrieved October 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Hand-tamed predators on the toddler farm. Robert Bosch Foundation sponsors female ferrets. In: Berliner Woche , June 30, 2010, p. 7.
- ↑ Stork Festival in Malchow. In: Berliner Woche , June 30, 2010, p. 7.
