Painted to Putbus

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Malte Ludolph Franz Eugen von und zu Putbus , born von Veltheim , (born January 3, 1889 in Halberstadt , † February 10, 1945 in Sachsenhausen concentration camp ) was a large German landowner . His inheritance, the former princely Putbus ' rule Fideikommiss was a restitution suit the largest claim for return after the turn in the GDR out.

Life

Empire and First World War

The manor house in Krimvitz (2013), residence of Maltes from 1919

Malte von und zu Putbus was the son of Viktoria (1861-1933), the third daughter of Prince Wilhelm Malte II of Putbus, and her husband Ludolf Heinrich von Veltheim . The noble houses of Putbus and Veltheim had been married for four generations.

After spending his youth in Pasewalk , he left home at the age of 11 to complete a cadet training course. During his vacation he often stayed with his grandfather Wilhelm Malte II on Rügen . In 1909 he joined the cuirassier regiment "Queen" (Pommersches) No. 2 in Pasewalk, was promoted to lieutenant in 1911 and married on October 2, 1913 in Stettin Marie von Ploetz from the Stuchow - Quilow family . From this marriage there were seven children.

After the First World War Malte of Putbus member was in a volunteer corps and managed the estate Krimvitz in Garz on Rügen, which is owned by the Putbuser royal house was located. He was an avid tournament rider and enjoyed hunting. In 1932 he joined the NSDAP . He became a member of the storm department and took part in the construction of an SA cavalry storm . Malte von Veltheim was friends with the Nazi Reichsbauernführer Walther Darré , and Hermann Göring was also a guest at Putbus Castle . After the death of Prince Wilhelm Malte II's daughter, Asta Eugenie von Riepenhausen, he succeeded her in the Putbus family in 1934. In 1938 the Reich Ministry of the Interior granted him permission to use the name “von und zu Putbus”, but without the title of prince.

Conflict with the National Socialist system

Putbus Castle , residence from 1934

On July 30, 1935, at the invitation of the Reichsleiter of the Nazi organization “ German Labor Front ” Robert Ley, a meeting with local party leaders, politicians and architects took place on the terrace of the “Fürstenhof” hotel in Sassnitz . Ley asked Malte to Putbus whether he was ready to provide the DAF with a seven-kilometer stretch of coast on the Schmale Heide , between Mukran and Binz , for the construction of the first KdF beach bath " Seebad Prora ". Since Ley explained the great importance of the project and presented its realization as an urgent wish of Hitler, von Putbus declared himself ready to surrender the land. The agreement was sealed with a handshake.

When Malte zu Putbus got the impression that the site had been squeezed from him under moral pressure, his conflict with the National Socialist system began. He quickly fell out with the small local officials: "... he'll remember that, Fähnleinführer", that's how the Pomeranian district court of the NSDAP recorded his choice of words. He protested sharply against an order based on Decree No. 78/38 of July 2, 1938 by Adolf Hitler's deputy , Rudolf Heß , according to which he would resign from the Order of St. John , which the National Socialists viewed as a refuge for political and ideological reactionism should. The local group leader of the NSDAP arranged that he was taken into protective custody for three days and posters were posted in Putbus calling him a “Jew friend”, “Hitler's saboteur” and “traitor”. On Maundy Thursday 1938, he was asked to appear on the market square in order to be publicly demoted in front of the assembled SA team. He did not obey this request, but was transferred by the Gestapo to Stralsund for an investigation, where “the enormity of the accusation finally turned out.” Since 1939, Malte zu Putbus criticized the persecution of the Jews and maintained contacts with opposition officers. The party judges of the Pomeranian District Court of the NSDAP recorded an incident in March 1939 as follows: “In the course of a conversation he took a position on the Jewish question and expressed his excitement that he could understand the Jews, that they would take revenge on Germany one day, that they had their honor and defended them. It is unjust to expel them from Germany, God will punish Germany through the Jews. "

During the Second World War , Malte zu Putbus served as a staff officer . In 1942 he left the Wehrmacht . When he refused to only hoist the swastika flag on national flag days , he was expelled from the NSDAP. Proceedings before the special court in Stettin under the Heimtückegesetz were discontinued after an intervention by the Reich Ministry of Justice with a warning. Colonel-General Ludwig Beck , Colonel-General Friedrich Fromm and Colonel-General Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord , three leading officers of the resistance against National Socialism who had been friends with him since the First World War, often came to the Granitz to hunt and stayed in the hunting lodge . There the officers are said to have talked about the futility of the war, about which reports were made.

Arrested twice before, on July 21, 1944, one day after the assassination attempt on Hitler , he was arrested again by the Gestapo , held in the Gestapo prisons in Stralsund, Greifswald and in the central prison in Stettin and taken to Sachsenhausen concentration camp . According to a report from the camp commandant to his wife, he is said to have died in the hospital there on February 10, 1945 of complications from pneumonia . However, according to witnesses, he was murdered with a syringe. According to other sources, he was shot.

No document proves that Malte zu Putbus belonged to the militia of the resistance fighters of July 20 or that his property was confiscated. There was no official confiscation of assets before May 8, 1945. A formal expropriation in the course of the land reform in 1945 does not seem to have taken place either.

Legal dispute about the return of the goods on Rügen

Granitz Hunting Lodge was owned by the zu Putbus family until 1944

His son, the chemical merchant Franz von Putbus (* May 28, 1927 - April 5, 2004) filed unsuccessful claims in court after 1990 for the restitution of the extensive properties, which comprised around one sixth of the island of Rügen. This included 10,000 hectares of arable land and 5,000 hectares of forest , Putbus Castle and Granitz Hunting Lodge, 44 estates and 152 farms, seven commercial operations and several chalk quarries and chalk mills. The State Office for the Settlement of Unresolved Property Issues had already rejected the restitution claim in 1994, the Federal Administrative Court in Berlin did not allow the appeal on restitution against two judgments of the Administrative Court Greifswald in 1998 . The judgments from 1997 thus became final (BVerwG 7 B 440.97 and others), the lawsuits were unsuccessful. The decisions of the Federal Administrative Court indicate that the property was expropriated in the course of the land reform between 1945 and 1949. Restitution would therefore only have been possible if it had been expropriated due to persecution before May 8, 1945. This could not be proven in the legal proceedings, because the goods had been confiscated by the Nazi regime, but had not been formally expropriated until 1945. Franz von Putbus, who unofficially called himself Prince zu Putbus since 1951 , bought back a palace at the Circus in Putbus and small parts of the land that his son Malte took over after his death in 2004. Franz's widow, Michaela Fürstin zu Putbus, b. Countess von Carmer, moved to Rügen and took over the administration.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Prince Wilhelm Malte I married the divorced Countess Luise von Veltheim in 1806; their second daughter Asta (1812–1850) married Franz von Veltheim; their daughter Wanda Maria Freiin von Veltheim-Bartensleben married her cousin Prince Wilhelm Malte II in 1857 ; two of their daughters, Marie and Victoria, in turn married two Veltheims.
  2. ↑ a b Götz Aly : ... remember that, Fähnleinführer! In: Berliner Zeitung , June 6, 1998
  3. ↑ a b Martin Schoebel :  Putbus, gentlemen, counts (since 1723) and princes (since 1807) of. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , pp. 16-18 ( digitized version ).
  4. ^ A b Hans Watzek : The democratic land reform 1945 . (PDF; 352 kB) Marxist working group on the history of the German labor movement at the party Die Linke , GeschichtsKorrespondenz, Bulletin No. 2, Volume 16, April 2010, pp. 4–10 (accessed on November 18, 2011)
  5. ↑ Jürgen Rostock: The “most powerful thing about community” . In: The Political Opinion , monthly magazine on questions of time, No. 488/489, July / August 2010, p. 120; Retrieved November 18, 2011
  6. ↑ a b c Memories of people and fates in the Pomeranian Evangelical Church at the end of World War II . (PDF; 935 kB), published by the Pomeranian Evangelical Church, pp. 22–23 (accessed on November 18, 2011)
  7. ↑ a b Christoph Seils : indulgence trade on Rügen . In: Berliner Zeitung , July 30, 1997
  8. ↑ No restitution of former Putbus assets . Federal Administrative Court, Press Release No. 17/98 of May 29, 1998 (accessed November 18, 2011)
  9. ↑ Old Putbus assets do not change hands . In: Der Tagesspiegel , May 29, 1998
personal data
SURNAME Putbus, painted too
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Veltheim, Malte Ludolph von; Putbus, painting from and to
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German landowner
DATE OF BIRTH January 3, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Halberstadt
DATE OF DEATH February 10, 1945
Place of death Sachsenhausen (Oranienburg)