Margarethe von Wied-Runkel

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Countess Margarethe von Wied-Runkel (* around 1506/10; † August 5, 1572 in Saverne ) was a German aristocrat who was known for her medical knowledge and was valued for her free medical advice.

Life

Margarethe von Wied-Runkel was the daughter of Count Johann III. von Wied-Runkel-Isenburg (* around 1475/85; † 1533) and Countess Elisabeth von Nassau-Dillenburg (1488–1559); her parents had married on February 1, 1506. Margarethe was a niece of Cologne Archbishop Hermann V von Wied and the Münster Bishop Friedrich III. from Wied .

Family networking

Among her siblings were the abbess Magdalena von Wied-Runkel of Nottuln and Elten , Count Johann IV of Wied-Runkel († 1581) and Archbishop Friedrich IV of Wied of Cologne . She was related by marriage to Count Anton I von Isenburg-Büdingen-Ronneburg-Kelsterbach , Count Ludwig and Wolfgang von Stolberg-Königstein , Count Friedrich Magnus I von Solms-Laubach , Countess Katharina von Hanau-Münzenberg and the imperial heir-tavern Christoph III . Schenk von Limpurg-Gaildorf (1531–1574).

Margarethe von Wied-Runkel married her first marriage around 1523 young count Bernhard von Bentheim-Steinfurt (* around 1490/95; † 1528), son of Ewerwin II. (III.) Von Bentheim-Steinfurt (1466–1498), Lord of Wevelinghoven , and Countess Adelheid (Aleyd) von Hoya (1475–1513). In 1525 her father Johann III. von Wied-Runkel took out a loan from Count Wilhelm von Nassau for his daughter Margarethe . Margarethe von Wied-Runkel was assured that Altena Castle in Schüttorf would be Wittum at the marriage discussion in 1518 , but after the early death of her husband she was resigned in 1528.

Marriage and widowhood in Blankenheim

Her second husband, whom she married in 1534, was Count Arnold I. von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1500–1548), son of Count Johann I. von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1446–1524), Herr zu Gerolstein (Gerhardstein), and (engagement 1473, ⚭ 1480) Countess Anna Margaretha von der Marck - Arenberg († 1542). In 1546, the married couple Arnold von Manderscheid-Blankenheim and Margarete von Wied bei Godert (Gotthard) von Densborn , Herr zu Lindweiler , Amtmann zu Hardt , took out a loan of 200 Joachimstaler , which bears interest at 5% and is from the appraisals of the villages of Roderath , Holzmülheim , Bouderath and Buir was settled; Johann (Jost) von der Heyden (* around 1505; † after 1560) zu Nechtersheim ( Nettersheim ), Lord of Dalbenden , bailiff of Blankenheim acted as the seal witness .

After the death of her second husband, the following were appointed as guardians of the County of Manderscheid-Blankenheim: Eberhard von Manderscheid-Blankenheim († 1559), archdeacon of the collegiate monastery St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen and provost of the monastery St. Paulin in Trier , an uncle of her children, who Electorate of Cologne choir bishop Friedrich von Wied , Count Johann IV. Von Wied-Runkel and the Electorate Landhofmeister Philipp I. von Winnenburg-Beilstein († 1583). Margarethe von Manderscheid, born Countess von Wied-Runkel, received a pension from the county of Nassau-Dillenburg , from which her mother († 1559) came from. In 1548 she converted to Protestantism - perhaps under the influence of her mother-in-law Anna Margarete von Blankenheim, born Countess von der Marck-Arenberg, who is said to have become Protestant as early as 1525. In 1550 she asked her Lutheran brother-in-law, Count Ludwig von Stolberg-Königstein- Rochefort , to grant one of her sons the parish benefice of the Soye lordship ( Soy-lez-Durbuy ) in the county of Rochefort in the Ardennes.

In 1560 Margarethes eldest son Hermann von Manderscheid-Blankenheim, who succeeded his father as sovereign, came of age.

Medical work in Cologne

Later the Countess lived in Cologne , where they the House for Scherfgin in the Broad Street inhabited. Her brother Friedrich von Wied resided as archbishop and elector in the cathedral city from 1562 to 1567, and her son Arnold (1546–1614) was canon in Cologne at the end of the 1560s.

Hermann von Weinsberg (1518–1597) reports of a life-threatening illness of his wife Drutgin Bars († 1573) in late summer / autumn 1567. After the Cologne city doctor Bernhard Dessennius Cronenberg (1509–1574) her death on August 21 after an urination " Zerende krenckde " predicted for the coming winter, Weinsberg feared that the doctor would drive him into the costs. He therefore turned to " the griffin van Widt and Blankenhem, to the Schirfgin on the Briderstraissen wonhaftich, an experienced woman in the medicinen, who helped many people upset ". Drutgin Bars took the countess's medical advice, “ gave ir at times raitzichn or other small admiration ”, recovered and was able to leave her house for the first time on October 8th after being bedridden for 22 weeks.

The library of her son, Count Arnold II of Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1546–1614, ruled 1604–1614), to which Hermann von Weinsberg was also in contact, consisted primarily of medical manuscripts, the collection of which was probably already started by Margarethe von Wied-Runkel would have. In the recipe collections of the Count Palatine Reichard von Pfalz-Simmern (Simmern, around 1570) and his nephew Elector Ludwig VI. from the Palatinate (Amberg, 1570–1572) the “Countess von Wied” is named as a recipe contributor. A recipe for trembling the hennde says: "The Greuin from Wida learned Vonn Doctor Jacob Ochs, then Hertzog Reichardt from Gedachter Greuin". Jakob Ochs († 1575) was the first academically trained physician (Dr. med.) Who is known to have practiced as a city doctor in Düsseldorf without any connection to the Jülich-Bergisches Herzogshof. In the recipe for an evil stomach to use Eusserlich noted Ludwig VI. from the Palatinate on: “We got this art from Hertzog Reichart Pfaltzgraffen. Which S: G: learned from dero fraw Schwiger the Countess vonn Widt ”.

Death in Saverne

After the abdication of her brother Friedrich von Wied as archbishop and his death, Margarethe von Wied-Runkel moved in mid-1572 to her son Johann IV. Von Manderscheid-Blankenheim , who had been elected Bishop of Strasbourg in 1569 . Bishop Johann IV, who himself supported the Catholic Counter-Reformation in his area , had the Lutheran pastor and superintendent Ulrich Cubicularius of Count Philipp IV von Hanau-Lichtenberg from Pfaffenhoffen come to his residence in Saverne (Zabern) to grant his dying mother his wish fulfill to receive the Lord's Supper sub utraque specie . Her son Johann IV. Left her next to his father in the Manderscheider grave place - probably in the “St. Margaretha Chapel "of Blankenheim Castle - burial.

progeny

Margarethe von Wied-Runkel and Arnold I. von Manderscheid-Blankenheim had the following offspring:

  1. Hermann von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1535–1604), nominated as canon of the cathedral monastery in 1558, resigned, married since 1567 to Juliana von Hanau-Münzenberg (1529–1595), 1584 imperial councilor
  2. Odilia von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1536–1597), married since around 1561 to Reinhard II von Leiningen-Westerburg (1530–1584) in Westerburg
  3. Johann IV. Von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1538–1592), from 1569 to 1592 Bishop of Strasbourg
  4. Margareta von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1539–1603), abbess of the founders Elten and Vreden since 1572 . In 1571 Marsilius II von Palandt († 1606) zu Wachendorf and his mother Clara Haes, Mistress zu Türnich , sold a 5% pension of 100 gold guilders a year for a debt of 2000 gold guilders, which they paid to Countess Margareta zu Manderscheid-Blankenheim Recordings. Claims for pledges from this lending business were still being litigated 100 years later.
  5. Elisabeth von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1540–1598), worked with her sister Elsabeth in the imperial monastery Essen , 1562 provost, since 1588 princess abbess, tomb in the church of St. Dionysius in Essen-Borbeck
  6. Eberhard von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1542–1608), canon since 1562 in Strasbourg, 1592 there cathedral sexton, since 1563 canon and archdeacon in Liège, 1570 nomination in Cologne, after 1589 Domkeppler in Cologne and provost of St. Paulin in Trier
  7. Elsabeth (Lisia) von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1544–1586), abbess of the imperial monastery of Essen since 1575, resigned in 1578, married to Count Wirich VI. von Daun-Falkenstein (around 1542–1598)
  8. Ursula von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (* 1545; † young)
  9. Arnold II von Manderscheid-Blankenheim (1546–1614), 1569 canon of Cologne, enrolled in Padua in 1573, canon in Strasbourg and Trier, coadjutor of the abbot of Prüm in 1575, was suspected of witchcraft in Trier in 1593 , resigned in 1596, married Maria Ursula in 1604 von Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (1584–1649) and became sovereign of the county of Manderscheid in the same year after the death of his brother Hermann

Margarethe von Wied-Runkel is the ancestor of almost all ruling members of the European nobility.

swell

  • Excerpts from the Salbuch of Count Kuno von Leiningen-Westerburg , 1226–1589; therein: Property and family history, testament of Ottilie von Manderscheid, children of Count Arnold von Manderscheid and his wife Margaretha von Wied , 18th century; Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt (holdings E 12 aristocrats and gentlemen, no. 203/11)
  • Correspondence between Countess Ottilia von Leiningen-Westerburg and her mother, Countess Margarethe von Manderscheid, b. Countess zu Wied , undated; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 339 Dominion Westerburg and Schadeck, No. 984)

literature

  • Jacob Wilhelm Imhoff , Johann David Köhler : Notitia Sacri Romani Germanici Imperii Procerum tam Ecclesiasticorum quam Secularium historicoheraldico-genealogica , Vol. II. 5th edition Cotta, Tübingen 1734, pp. 115 and 179 ( Google Books )
  • Leonard Ennen : From the memorial book of Hermann Weinsberg . In: Zeitschrift für Kulturgeschichte 1 (1872), pp. 554–570, 613–636 and 764–775; 3 (1874), pp. 46–56, 294–316, 359–368, 437–444, 489–575 and pp. 731–765 ( Google Books )
  • Wilhelm Grevel : Elsabetha, née Countess von Manderscheidt and Blankenheim, Prince-Abbess of the Essen Monastery from 1575-1578 . Bädeker, Essen 1889, esp.p. 7f ( Google Books )
  • Hermann Knaus: Darmstadt manuscripts of Middle Rhine origin (Blankenheim, Koblenz, Steinfeld, Trier) . In: Archive for Hessian History and Antiquity 26 (1958), pp. 43–70 = studies on manuscript studies. Selected essays . Saur, Munich 1992, pp. 51-71
  • Alan R. Deighton: The library of the counts of Manderscheid-Blankenheim . In: Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens 26 (1986), pp. 259–283 ( Google Books ; limited preview)
  • Jana Madlen Schütte: Medicine in Conflict. Faculties, markets and experts in German university towns from the 14th to the 16th centuries . (diss. phil. Göttingen). Brill, Leiden 2017, esp. Pp. 1–3 ( Google Books )

Remarks

  1. ^ Son of Conrad III. von Winnenburg-Beilstein († 1525) and Barbara von Manderscheid-Blankenheim, a sister of Count Arnold I of Manderscheid-Blankenheim.
  2. ^ From Amsterdam, studies in Leuven and Italy, Dr. med. in Bologna, doctor in Groningen and Cologne, enrolled in Cologne as a doctor with a doctorate in 1547, city doctor.
  3. Haus zum Scherfgin, formerly called Schaitzavel (= Schachtzabel, chess tabula , board = chess board ).
  4. Embossed wine consumption value brand of the City Council of Cologne in the monetary value of half a thaler.

Individual evidence

  1. See documents of 1505, 1506 and 1512; Main State Archive Wiesbaden (holdings 3036 total inventory of the old Dillenburg archive, no. KHA Inv. A 2, no. 530–542).
  2. Document dated August 28, 1525; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (inventory 170 I Nassau-Oranien (Dillenburg Archive), No. U 3264).
  3. See Heinrich Voort: On the history of Altena Castle in Schüttorf . In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein des Grafschaft Bentheim 1971. (Das Bentheimer Land 72). Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, 1970, pp. 143–161.
  4. Document dated June 29, 1546; State main archive Koblenz (inventory 54.032 Waldbott v. Bassenheim, certificate 209).
  5. Resigned 1551 in Dietkirchen; see. Christoph Brouwer, Jakob Masen: Metropolis ecclesiae Trevericae , Vol. I. Hergt, Koblenz 1855, pp. 161, 171 and 204 ( Google Books ).
  6. See Peter Neu: History and structure of the Eifel territories of the House of Manderscheid primarily in the 15th and 16th centuries . (Rheinisches Archiv 80). Röhrscheid, Bonn 1972, p. 142; Document dated July 16, 1556; Dieter Kastner (edit.): The documents of the archives of Schloss Frens , vol. I. (inventories of non-state archives 50). Habelt, Bonn 2009, No. 434, p. 223, u. a.
  7. entry for 1557 and 1558; Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (holdings 171 files (Old Dillenburg Archive), No. W 1233).
  8. See Jakob Katzfey: History of the City of Münstereifel and the Neighboring Places , Vol. II. Johann Georg Schmitz, Cologne 1855, p. 36 ( Google Books ).
  9. Cf. Karl Leopold Kaufmann: The Development of the Reformation in the Eifel . In: Annals of the Historical Association for the Lower Rhine, especially the old Archdiocese of Cologne 118 (1931), pp. 59–71, especially p. 67.
  10. Cf. Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts , vol. XXXVIII. Zedler, Leipzig / Halle 1743, Sp. 1045.
  11. See Wilhelm von der Nahmer : Development of the territorial and constitutional conditions of the German states on both banks of the Rhine . (Handbook of Rhenish Particular Law 3). Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, p. 713.
  12. ^ Act, 1550; State Archives Würzburg (Mainz Government Archives 26577).
  13. ^ A b cf. Leonhard Ennen: From the memorial book of Hermann Weinsberg . In: Zeitschrift für Kulturgeschichte 3 (1874), p. 489-575, esp. P. 493 ( Google Books ) = Liber iuventutis , sheet 541-543 ( digitized version of the University of Bonn).
  14. Cf. Theodor Gottfried Husemann: The Cologne Pharmacopoeia and their authors . (Reprint from the Apotheker-Zeitung 1899). Denter & Nicolas, Berlin 1899, pp. 23–44, especially p. 43 ( Google Books ; limited preview).
  15. See Jana Madlen Schütte: Medicine in Conflict. Faculties, markets and experts in German university towns from the 14th to the 16th centuries . (diss. phil. Göttingen). Brill, Leiden 2017, esp. Pp. 1-3.
  16. ^ Entry from March 2, 1570; Liber iuventutis , sheet 580 ( digitized version from the University of Bonn).
  17. a b c cf. Klaus Stezenbach: The Strasbourg lute books 1574 and 1586 by Sixtus Kargel . Bretten 2004, p. 20 and p. 79-84 ( PDF ; 9.35 MB).
  18. Cf. Alan R. Deighton: The library of the counts of Manderscheid-Blankenheim . In: Archiv für Geschichte des Buchwesens 26 (1986), pp. 259–283; Elisabeth M. Kloosterhuis: Erasmus disciples as political reformer. The ideal of humanism and rulership practice on the Lower Rhine in the 16th century . Böhlau, Vienna 2006, p. 317.
  19. Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 195, p. 150).
  20. Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 192, p. 133 and p. 258; the latter cites Cod. Pal. Germ. 195, p. 150).
  21. Another, anonymous collection (around 1570) contains the recipe for Ein hubsch oell zu den Gleichen der wunden zu den Stichen and zu das Geader… von der Frauen von Blanckenburg (= Blankenheim?) ; Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 199, Bl. 156).
  22. Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 192, p. 258; cf. Cod. Pal. Germ. 195, p. 150); Matthias Miller, Karin Zimmermann (edit.): The medical manuscripts under the Codices Palatini germanici of the Heidelberg University Library , part 2.1. Heidelberg 2005, p. 126 and 146.
  23. Maybe a son or nephew of Jakob Ochs (Taurinus; zum Ochsen) († 1568) from Bonn, matriculated on October 17, 1535 in Cologne, Dr. jur., Archbishop Council of Cologne, from 1550 professor of canon law in Cologne, married to Cäcilia Broich and Ursula Rinck († 1563).
  24. Jump up ↑ The Ochs family came from the “ Zum bunt” or “ Rote Ochsen” pharmacy on the Bonn market; see. Landesarchiv NRW Department Rhineland Duisburg (Reichskammergericht, No. 1013 - Az. C 514/1320) u. a.
  25. Erich Wisplinghoff: Middle Ages and early modern times - From the first written messages to the end of the Jülisch-Klevischen inheritance dispute (approx. 700-1614) . In: Hugo Weidenhaupt (Ed.): Düsseldorf. History from the origins to the 20th century , vol. 1. Schwann, Düsseldorf 1988, pp. 161–445, especially pp. 275–282 and 420f.
  26. Reichard was married to Countess Juliana zu Wied-Runkel (1545–1575), a great niece of Margarethe von Wied-Runkel.
  27. Heidelberg University Library (Cod. Pal. Germ. 192, p. 133); Matthias Miller, Karin Zimmermann (edit.): The medical manuscripts under the Codices Palatini germanici of the Heidelberg University Library , part 2.1. Heidelberg 2005, p. 116.
  28. The year of death was 1572, not - as sometimes mentioned in the literature - 1571; see. Johannes Friese: New patriotic history of the city of Strasbourg . Lorenz and Schuller, Strasbourg 1791, p. 302f ( Google Books ), u. a.
  29. ^ Report by Johannes Pappus (1549–1610) in Aloys Meister: Der Strassburger Kapitelstreit 1583-1592 . Heitz & Mündel, Strasbourg 1899, p. 5, note 2 ( Google Books ).
  30. Cf. Dagobert Fischer: History of the city of Zabern in Alsace from its creation to the present day . F. Fuchs, Zabern 1874, p. 33f ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich).
  31. Proof of nobility on the mother's side by Count Johann III. von Nassau-Beilstein , Philipp von Solms-Braunfels (1494–1581), Sebastian II von Sayn-Homburg (1529–1573) and Hans Gerhard I von Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein (1536–1611) from August 27, 1558; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 210 Domstift, U 2/2548).
  32. Documents of March 20, 1571 and January 30, 1626; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (Best. 160 Armenverwaltung, U 3/981 and U 3/993).
  33. ↑ Trial files, (1571) 1636–1678; Landesarchiv NRW, Rhineland Duisburg department (Reichskammergericht, 1947 - G 292/789 - Az .: G 292/789).
  34. On him cf. Christian von Stramberg : Memorable and useful Rhenish antiquarian , Dept. III, Bd. 10 Middle Rhine . Hergt, Koblenz 1864, p. 526 ( Google Books ).
  35. Proof of nobility on the mother's side by Count Philip I of Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg-Schadeck (1527-1597), Ludwig III. von Löwenstein-Scharfeneck , Wolf von Isenburg-Büdingen-Ronneburg and Joachim von Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Schleiden (1539–1582) on November 24, 1573; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 210 Domstift, U 2/2665).
  36. Proof of nobility on the maternal side by Count Ludwig von Stolberg-Königstein, Georg von Isenburg-Büdingen-Ronneburg (1528–1577), Reinhard II. Von Leiningen-Westerburg-Schaumburg (1530–1584) and Konrad von Solms-Braunfels-Münzenberg (1540– 1592) of December 23, 1569; Historical archive of the city of Cologne (inventory 210 Domstift, U 2/2626).
  37. Rita Voltmer: Between the crisis of domination, economic depression and Jesuit propaganda. Hunts of witches in the city of Trier (15th – 17th centuries) . In: Jahrbuch für Westdeutsche Landesgeschichte 27 (2001), pp. 37-107, esp. P. 97.