Altena Castle (Schüttorf)

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Altena Castle
Castle complex in the late 16th century from the west

Castle complex in the late 16th century from the west

Alternative name (s): Palace / Castle Altona
Creation time : Palas probably built at the beginning of the 14th century, first mentioned as Slote in 1372
Castle type : City castle
Conservation status: Tore off
Standing position : Count
Construction: Sandstone , brick
Place: Schuettorf
Geographical location 52 ° 19 '10.9 "  N , 7 ° 13' 31"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 19 '10.9 "  N , 7 ° 13' 31"  E
Height: 35  m above sea level NN
Altena Castle (Lower Saxony)
Altena Castle

The Altena Castle was a late medieval and the Renaissance embossed town castle in the town of Schüttorf in the county Bentheim in Lower Saxony ( Germany ). The oldest part of the castle was probably completed together with the city ​​wall in the first half of the 14th century. From the 15th century onwards, the castle served as the widow of Bentheim count widows. During this time, around 1565, two wings were added to the castle. The then four-wing complex was shot at during the Thirty Years War , the south and east wings were damaged and deteriorated more and more in the following two centuries. From 1702, Catholic services were held in the north wing, and a short time later a Catholic school was built in the outer bailey. 1903 bought a producer of the castle, the ruined palace was demolished in 1903 along with the eastern part of the north wing. The north and west wings were converted for residential purposes. In early 1973 the castle was demolished for the construction of a thoroughfare.

location

The Burg Altena formed in the southeast corner of the city wall. It was near the Mühlenvechte, today's Vechtealtarm. The Vechte then headed for protection closer to the city and provided the moat. A large part of this old arm still exists today.

The name Altena

How the name Altena or Altona came about is unclear. It is believed that in the 7th century there was a Franconian protective courtyard at the site of Altena Castle , which was not all te na to the Saxon old courtyard . One way to interpret the name would be Al to na , that is, too close . In 1465, when the town charter was confirmed by Count Bernhard, Altena Castle was named unse borg , after which it was called Borch Schüttorp or Borch bynnen der Stadt Schüttorp . Around 1565 the name Altena or Altona prevailed, a possible interpretation here would again be all te na . The count's castle was integrated into the city fortifications and too close to the Schüttorf citizens . In his will, Count Arnold II referred to the castle as Haus Altona in 1591 . In 1835 Joseph Niesert wrote Schloss Altena or Alten Aue near Schüttorf of the Bentheim widows . The alternative name mentioned here suggests that the castle may have been referred to as being on the Alte Aue (ie a river valley) or the Alte Aa (ie a river), as it corresponds to the topographical conditions. In the following time the name of Burg Altena or Burg Altona remained .

history

Prehistory from the 7th century

In the 7th century, according to Heinrich Funke, a Franconian protective courtyard stood as a checkpoint for the ford near the site of Altena Castle , which later became the count's court or castle. After the construction of Bentheim Castle was Altena Castle Oberhof , hunting lodge, administrative headquarters and country castle of Bentheim . Helmut Hecht suspects a court seat at the location of the castle. A document from 1184 names the curia comitis in Scuttorpe , the Count's town hall, he considers it probable that this was the oldest and highest court in the district. In 1272 Count Egbert von Bentheim mentions a court in Schüttorf that belongs to us in another document . That it was the later Altena Castle is doubted by Dr. Heinrich Voort in his contribution to the yearbook of the Heimatverein des Grafschaft Bentheim in 1971. According to him, the count's court named 1154 and 1184, called olde court in 1388 , was outside the city and could not have stood on the site of Altena Castle .

Construction of the castle in the 14th century and the time as a count's widow's seat until around 1700

Steel engraving of Altena Castle by Friedrich Foltz (1850)

The palas of the castle was probably built in the first half of the 14th century, based on the Rhenish model, with the second city fortification as a southeast corner pillar. The count's court then moved from the old court to Altena Castle in the city . It is mentioned for the first time on a promissory note in 1372 : the miners "Vrederik van Hauergho and Bernt de ghogreue" write "And desse betalinge zole wy en doen tho Scüttorpe bynnen den Slote." granted asylum for one year and one day ; after this time, the person seeking protection had to leave Altena Castle . After he showed himself on the public street, he was able to find protection again, as it is documented in the town charter of Schüttorf:

"Item och are within our city twee rights alde freyheiten, the place in front of our borg alß de uthgeteikend is, and our mölle, they are ahling fry, we darup kombt, and who wants to bridge, which is vehelly his love watt saeke here ock gedaen hadde, year and day ... "

The castle was in the following period as a body raising the seat of gräflich Bentheim widows. In 1416 Altena Mechthild was prescribed by Steinfurt. It is unclear whether she lived in the castle as a count's widow, since she died in 1420. In the marriage contract from 1435, Count Everwin wrote over his second wife Gisberta von Bronkhorst "de Borch to Scttorpe" as Wittum. At that time the residents of Altena Castle were free from civic duties, as were the count's servants. Margarethe von Wied-Runkel bequeathed the castle to Margarethe von Wied-Runkel in 1518 and confirmed in 1523 by Count Bernhard as a personal breed, but it was resigned in 1528. In the following year Count Everwin II secured the castle to his second wife Cordula von Holstein-Schaumburg, but she probably did not live at Altena Castle . The count widow Anna von Tecklenburg-Schwerin was married to Count Eberwin III. of Bentheim-Steinfurt 1553 “de Stadt unde Borg with the whole Renthampte to Schuttorpe”. When Count Eberwin III. Died in 1562, she ruled from Altena Castle because son Arnold II (IV.) Von Bentheim-Tecklenburg was still a minor.

The west wing before renovation (1903)

In 1565 Anna von Tecklenburg-Schwerin carried out extensive renovation and expansion measures. She had the north and west wing built until 1973. In addition, she exchanged a piece of land with the Süsternkloster for the land north of the Altena house, called the Unland . She converted this "unland" into a symmetrical garden.

Since Altena Castle was still the Wittum of Anna von Tecklenburg-Schwerin in 1573, Count Arnold II assigned other possessions to his wife Magdalena von Neuenahr-Alpen when he married, such as the Singraven house near Denekamp . He took over Altena Castle when Anna von Tecklenburg-Schwerin died in 1582. The biography of Count Arnold II shows that in 1587 and 1594, "zu Schüttorff aufm hauß Althena", he hosted Spanish officers from Twente and served them "happily" to prevent an attack on the city. In Arnold II's will, written in 1591, he bequeathed Altena Castle to his wife instead of the Singraven house. When Arnold II died in 1606, his widow Magdalena von Neuenahr-Alpen moved to the castle.

Title page of the court regulations from 1606

“So that everyone should know, he knows how to behave” she issued a court order on November 19, 1606, which has been preserved to this day. For example, it was stipulated that the court preacher, Mr. Johann, or his deputy should read something from the New Testament and say the evening prayer every evening at four o'clock. Another ritual was planned for the morning soup: the morning prayer and the Lord's Prayer , followed by the Ten Commandments , the Lord's Prayer, the Creed and the Lord's Prayer, were to be read out with the servants . The rentmaster was responsible for keeping the court, the kitchen, cellar, stables, Bauhaus, gate and servants. He was also instructed to guide the servants to work and was allowed to impose punishments on them. A mouth cook, a house cook, two boys and a kitchen lady worked in the kitchen. Magdalena laid out a varied meal plan. Altogether there are around 40 employees on Altena from the farm rules. There are also servants, woodcutters and postmen of the count widow. Son Count Arnold Jobst zu Bentheim and Steinfurt married Anna Amalia von Isenburg-Büdingen, Altena Castle was still his mother's widow seat in 1608, so he prescribed a different Wittum for his wife. Magdalena von Neuenahr-Alpen died in Altena Castle in 1627 . An inventory made after her death names 46 rooms.

The north wing before the renovation (1903)

In 1632, during the Thirty Years' War , the castle was shelled from sand hills outside and east of the city. The south wing and the oldest part, the Palas, were very badly damaged and fell into disrepair in the decades that followed. Gertrud van Zelst, wife of Count Ernst Wilhelm, was brought "in 1660 from Bentheim Castle to Schüttorf (where she also gave birth to the oldest son Ernst) before her childbirth" and returned to Bentheim the following year. In the successions comparison , Count Ernst Wilhelm also determines "that our wife and children should be given the Schuttorffische Rent-Amt [...] after our death."

At the urging of Christoph Bernhard von Galen , Count Ernst Wilhelm converted to the Catholic faith on August 21, 1668, so that in 1669, the Jesuit Gerhard Wickede opened the Catholic service in the chapel in the Palas of Altena Castle ; from 1670 these were held outside the castle. Rentmaster Henrich Nünning wrote in 1680 that the income in kind in the granaries "was available on the Altena house". The castle was also a place for ingested natural products from the city. After Count Ernst Wilhelm died in 1693, Anna Isabella von Limburg-Stirum and heir Count Arnold Mauritz Wilhelm agreed that she could live at Altena Castle . There is a report from 1698 that describes the castle in a very bad condition: “There is no single door in the dining room, it closes properly, even without it there is no single door connected to it ...” It goes on to say: “You cannot pour corn on a single grain collector Because everything below is completely perforated and full of open cracks, the wooden, dark, partly lacking, partly not usable because of the lack of Henxel and hooks, and only a single door can be locked. ”In 1698, imperial ambassadors visited the Altena house and commissioned the Bentheim treasurer Johann Joachim Sibin to have the necessary repairs carried out within six weeks. After the work, the castle was makeshift repairs on doors and windows, among other things. The roof and floors were then renewed for more than 200  Reichstaler . The count's officials accused Anna Isabella von Limburg-Stirum's rentmaster of deliberately damaging the castle. Notary Ernst Ludwig Cramer had this view confirmed by three craftsmen: They could not demonstrate adequate maintenance of the buildings. The servant of the count's widow Derck Fromme had "sold beer and allowed bowling in specie on the large hall". In the meantime, Countess Anna Isabella von Limburg-Stirum moved to Cologne around 1700. After her, no other count widow seems to have lived at Altena Castle .

The castle was used for Catholic services from 1702 until the outer bailey was demolished in 1890

Memorial stone to the Nünning brothers

The Hague settlement, the Laudum Regium of 1701, stipulated in the 11th section that the Catholic community in Schüttorf had to return the monastery church they had used to the Protestants, and in point 15 it also permitted worship at Altena Castle . This took place from 1702 in the north wing of the castle. In 1702 the judge Jodocus Hermann Nünning was granted "to inhabit the high counts castle of Schüttorf". Together with his brother Heinrich Ignaz Nünning, he set up a Catholic school in a building in the outer bailey in 1712, where priests taught until 1830. A memorial stone commemorating the building of the school, this one bears the inscription:

"DEO TER OPT IM O B I N I FRATRES N V NN I NG CANON ICI ER I GEBANT"

(The brothers Nünning, canons , built the school for the triune, best God ). The memorial stone is now in the extension of the Catholic school on Süsterstrasse in Schüttorf.

In 1719, Count Hermann Friedrich stipulated in his will that the Catholic worship service should take place undisturbed on Altena. Eleonore Magdalena von Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Steinfurt, daughter of Ernst Wilhelm and Anna Isabella, married Count Ambrosius Franz von Virmont . In 1723 he received the income rights at the Schüttorf Rent Office, a rent master and a housekeeper appointed by him are proven in the following period, in 1731. It was stipulated that the Bentheim house would look after the castle despite the lack of income from the rent office. On May 22, 1752 he pledged the county of Bentheim to the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , which also had to maintain Altena Castle . Since the costs had to be paid from the income of the pension offices, this was only makeshift. Landdrost von Ompteda wrote in a letter from 1754 that he had "sublet the rather dilapidated apartment of every Patris Missionarii in the castle of Schüttorf the Chatolian sexton" for two Dutch Reichstalern. After the sexton moved out the following year, the apartment was rented to a widow.

The ruins of the Palas from the south (1903) ...
... and from the east (1903)

In 1756, Landdrost von Ompteda and Government Secretary Cantzler reported to the Hanoverian government about the dilapidated hall, which "only consisted of four walls, the tach and some partly rotten balcken". Thus, its partial removal was commissioned: "Since the Lord Count ... himself saw that it was inevitable and necessary that the castle Altena in Schüttorf had been completely devastated for several years, only from the four walls, the Tache and to demolish some of the existing buildings, the high castle, some of which have become partially lost ”.

Expert GJ Schrader wrote in 1757 about the desolate condition of the high castle, the Palas, which could not be repaired "without great expense": beams were partially or completely rotten, the roof was unstable and threatened to collapse in a stormy wind. In his report he makes two proposals. The first would be to demolish the gable up to the level of the side wall, the second option would be to remove the masonry by about 5 m, with the insertion of new ceiling beams for the floor of the upper floor and the roof (4 m lower than before). He estimated the costs (without material) for the demolition at 236 Reichstaler and for the reconstruction of the roof at 120 Reichstaler. In 1759 GJ Schrader wrote a cost estimate for the demolition of a small extension on the north wing in the northeast. This extension had a stone spiral staircase, and there was also a kitchen. He calculated the cost of masonry and carpentry work to be 34 Reichstalers.

A cost estimate for the repair of the roof of the north and west wings was made in 1760. "The roofs on the house [...] have to be painted with new ones and docked". The required roof tiles, thatch, the lime and the wages resulted in 25 Reichstaler and 12  Stüber . This work was commissioned. Three years later, in 1763, on the orders of Vogts Kock, the bricklayer Lucas Duggen calculated the cost of repairing the In den hoff house . The building was 8.2 m long and a total of 8.65 m high. It had a sandstone base (2.7 m high and 0.75 m thick) and a half-timbered storey built on it. An Entt Maure about 1.9 m long up to a cellar door should also be repaired. According to Dietrich Maschmeyer, this Entt Maure could be an extension of the house In den hoff , these two would be about 10 m long in total, it could be the south wing standing between the hall and the north wing. For these repairs the bricklayer would need “about 300 feet of Bentheim sandstone, 2000 new bricks in addition to the old and 12 tons of lime that can still be used” and 72 guilders wages.

The ruins of the Palas seen from the Vechte (19th century)

In 1765, land-builder Vick wrote in an investigation into the state of the hall: “... a Balcken-Sparrwercke most changeable, and the almost 80-foot-high gables enticed bristles in the sides of the moors. The roof is unlikely to be repaired because the floorboards lacks fire over the uppermost beams and the main beams are badly rotten. To be able to take it down next to the stone gables without risking life, heavy equipment costs are required. And to leave the already postponed Sparrwerck in the current change could be extremely disadvantageous for the buildings in front if the collapse happened by itself. ”He calculates the costs for the demolition of the building up to the height of the city walls.

The chapel became dilapidated, so that Pastor JW Bülte applied to the government in 1792 that a place suitable for worship should be given "... so that we can perform our ordinary worship more decently". The government refused on the grounds that "... there are no defects that could prevent the worship service or endanger the community."

Around 1795, during the First Coalition War , part of the Hanoverian field hospital was moved to Altena Castle . After his departure, the castle housed Brunswick troops. FF von Raet von Bögelskamp wrote in 1805 that “Altena Castle in Schüttorf was left to its fate to invade, but with almost no reparation to be made to it”, he also wrote that “the otherwise beautiful Altena Castle in Schüttorf has been since became a heap of rubble for the Hanoverian interim government ”. Vogt Gerhard Jacob Kock asked the Domain Chamber in a letter dated September 4, 1811 that, if the position of a sexton and that of a school teacher were filled, "the small school buildings and the school in front of the castle" would be used by the Catholic community could. Rentmeister Hoogklimmer reported to the Chamber that the house was built directly against the city wall with a flat roof, that it had a kitchen with a hallway and a peat shed and that it was also inhabited by a maid. He also goes on to explain that the roof of the school, which can accommodate 10-15 students, needs to be repaired. The domain chamber accepted this, the community could rent the building for one Reichstaler and 54 Stüber per year, and they should do the repairs themselves.

Longitudinal and cross-section of the Catholic Church at Altena Castle (1848)
Floor plan and cross section of the Catholic school and the teacher's apartment (1848)

"The dilapidation of the long building at Altona Castle in Schüttorff ... [have] increased depressingly," reported Rentmeister WD Nordbeck in 1839 . In the same year, the Catholic community moved its services to a stable in the city center. Due to years of legal dispute over the maintenance of the community, the Catholic Consistory Osnabrück had "the Catholic cult buildings in Schüttorf" by the builder Jos. Check Niehaus from Haselünne. Three drawings have been preserved, a floor plan, a longitudinal and cross-section of the Catholic chapel in the north wing and a floor plan with a cross-section of the Catholic school and the teacher's apartment in the outer bailey. In his report he examines the three buildings mentioned at the same time, he suggests how they can be repaired: “The church, which was set up on the ground floor in a wing of the prince Bentheim castle Altona zu Schüttorf , was unusable because of dilapidation, it was almost all the rest of the castle in ruins. ““ The church furniture, as benches, altar tables, etc. has remained in the church until now ”, at that time the service had been celebrated on the pastor's property for several years, the furniture in the assembly hall at the castle was damaged. He planned to remove the ceiling and use a prieche that could be reached by stairs . In this way, the necessary space for the approximately 280 Catholics can be achieved. He recommended new buildings for the buildings in the outer bailey. The school, with almost 15 m², was in disrepair and too small for the 70 children. The teacher's apartment was big enough, but "so badly deteriorated that repairing it is wasted". His cost estimate calls for the repair of the church in 1996 talers, for the construction of the school and teacher's apartment 909 talers. In 1850 the Catholic Consistory of Osnabrück applied for improvements to the buildings, and they sent the report and cost estimates. The carpenter A. Hölscher, called in by the domain chamber, made a more favorable proposal, which was carried out step by step. The domain chamber informed the consistory on September 30, 1853 that “the local at Altona Castle in Schüttorf, which was previously used for Catholic worship, has been put into storage.” One month later, in October, the chapel was reopened consecrated, the service was resumed.

An agreement between Alexis zu Bentheim and Steinfurt and the Ministry of the Kingdom of Hanover was ratified on August 15, 1859. A contract between the Catholic community and Prince Alexis stated, among other things, that the premises used by the community in the castle, the teacher's apartment and the school must be vacated by July 1, 1870 at the latest. In 1868 the Catholic school moved to a building next to the newly built church on Rathausstrasse in Schüttorf. The building with the teacher's apartment at Altena Castle and the other buildings in the outer bailey were demolished in 1890. Until 1891 the post office was housed in a wing of the castle.

Remodeling in 1903 until a monument was built in 1988

A picture of the stone that hit the Lindemann Hotel in 1903

In 1903 the manufacturer Herman ten Wolde acquired the castle complex from Prince Alexis zu Bentheim and Steinfurt for 65,000  marks . At the end of February 1903 he had the remains of the ruins of the south and east wings demolished by Minden pioneers. A stone weighing 72 kg hit the nearby Hotel Lindemann . The rubble from the blasting is said to have been used as a new packing layer for Herman-ten-Wolde-Strasse in Schüttorf. Herman ten Wolde converted the north and west wings of the building into apartments, one of which he lived in in the west wing until his death in late 1930. On the north wing, which was reduced to the ground floor to the east, he had two towers attached to its eastern end. For this purpose, small turrets and a dwelling were attached to the west wing .

From 1904 to 1938 the Schüttorfer Zeitung had publishing rooms in the north wing until it was closed. The archway of the Schüttorfer Zeitung stood over the path from Steinstraße to the west wing of Altena Castle until the 1960s . Families lived in the castle until it was demolished, and it was empty at times. The demolition of the castle began on January 8, 1973, it was demolished as a "sign of progress" for the then federal highway 65 . On August 27, 1988, at the Burg-Altena-Platz in Schüttorf a plastic called directed back of Werner Ratering revealed it is to remember the castle as a refuge for legal lots that for a year and a day guard at the castle could find. The sculpture is about 50 meters away from the former castle.

investment

The entire castle complex at the end of the 16th century:
  • Outer bailey
  • North wing
  • West wing
  • East wing / hall
  • South wing
  • Garden area
  • City wall with city gate
  • Vechte
  • Other attachments

    • The castle consisted of four main wings and a bailey, the east wing was the main hall, it was built first. This is followed by the next building in the south wing. These two wings were four-story mansions. In 1565, Anna von Tecklenburg-Schwerin had the castle expanded with the north and west wing that had existed until the end; they comprised two-story servants' and guest apartments. Subsequent to the north and west wings there were further narrow wings along the city wall, which in turn disappeared early. In the inner courtyard there was a stair tower in the corners of the north-west and south-east wing. In the 17th and 18th centuries, a bailey was built to the west, which was demolished in 1890. The castle was accessed through a gate in the middle of the west wing.

    Hall

    The Palas or the High Castle was a late medieval building made of sandstone and the oldest part of the castle, it was built in the first half of the 14th century together with the second city fortifications. It was about 28 m long, 12.50 m wide, 14.95 m to the eaves and 23.85 m high in total. The hall had a stepped gable with seven steps, the top step was raised a little. The roof was covered with wooden shingles until the 18th century , according to a report from 1698. On the first floor there was a large hall, the Catholic Church celebrated its services in this until 1670. Dietrich Maschmeyer suspects, due to the bricked-up openings and retrofitted windows, major renovations of the palace in the 15th century. Accordingly, the stair tower could have been built during this expansion. In the southern part there was probably a mezzanine with access from the stair tower.

    During the Thirty Years War, the Hohe Burg was shot at, fell into disrepair by the 18th century and was then partially demolished. Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff describes the ruins in the work of 1879: "Of a (...) once two-storey castle wing, only part of the surrounding walls with cross-mullion windows of the late Gothic style and remains of a chimney system with graceful wall pillars of the Roman order". In 1903, Herman ten Wolde , the new owner of the castle, had the ruins of the palace blown up.

    South wing

    The south wing was probably built in the 15th or 16th century, possibly in half-timbering. Probably the wing, like the hall and the south gable side of the west wing, was placed on the city wall during the construction. According to Wilhelm Berge, the south wing had four floors and was used together with the hall as a mansion. The south wing was destroyed in the Thirty Years War. Since the building disappeared very early, research is difficult. In 1903 the last remains of the wall were removed.

    North wing

    Altena Castle seen from the northeast on a postcard (1917)

    The north wing, the Long Castle, was built around 1565 under the count widow Anna von Tecklenburg-Schwerin together with the transverse castle from plastered rubble stones. The eastern part of the wing served as a kitchen. A chimney, placed in the middle of the ridge, led to a single-story, sandstone extension on the north side of the wing. It was probably a laundry or something like that. From 1702 the western part of the Long Castle was used as a chapel by the Catholic Church, and was poorly rebuilt for this purpose. The single-storey extension served as a sacristy, the upper storey of the north wing was converted into a storeroom for the community and the count's house. During this time a roof turret with a cross was attached. In the following centuries the Long Castle fell into disrepair and was only poorly repaired. The roof turret remained on the ridge until it was demolished in 1973. The eastern half of the wing had fallen into disrepair; during the renovation in 1903, it was reduced to the ground floor, flush with the central chimney. This lowered part was provided with battlements and two round towers were placed at the corners of the east facade. These two towers disappeared over the following decades.

    West wing

    The west wing seen from the south before the 1903 renovation
    The renovated and rebuilt west wing

    Anna von Tecklenburg-Schwerin had the west wing, the transverse castle, completed together with the long castle from plastered rubble stones around 1565. The south gable side of the wing was placed on the city wall. The top of the gable, a half rosette with lower quarter rosettes set with stone balls, suggests that the north and west wings were created under the influence of the Weser Renaissance . On the southern part on the west side there was possibly a two-storey extension. An almost ogival passage, in the middle of the transverse castle, led to the inner courtyard of the castle. At the corner of the inner courtyard between the north and west wings, there was a little tower with a spiral staircase until it was demolished in 1973. A small building in the northern extension of the wing was constructed from sandstone blocks a few decades later.

    In the 19th century the west wing was used for apartments, in 1903 it was rebuilt: At the height of the first floor, the wing was provided with two oriels as turrets with onion domes at the corners of the west side. To the left of the gate entrance, a dwelling with a volute gable was placed on the existing ledge . The small building attached to the north was demolished, and windows were also installed on the south gable side on the ground floor, i.e. also in the city wall and on the north gable side. A coat of arms with the inscription "Fürstlich Bentheimische Burg Altona - Bought and renewed by Herman ten Wolde 1903" was placed above the archway. Arnold Nöldeke criticizes the renovation in his work: "The western front has been disfigured by plastering and painting as well as by adding oriels to the corners." During the renovation or shortly afterwards, a two-storey winter garden was created on the south-east side. In 1973 the west wing with the north wing gave way to today's L 39.

    Outer bailey

    The outer bailey of Altena Castle, painted by Albertus Brondgeest around 1830

    The outer bailey or forecourt consisted of a horse stable, gatehouse, peat and wooden house, chicken and pig house, Bauhaus and a carriage house. This emerges from a report from 1698. In 1712 the Nünning brothers set up a Catholic school and a teacher's apartment in the southern part of the outer bailey. In the work of Heinrich Wilhelm Hector Mithoff from 1879, “a gothic archway with two coats of arms” is described. This stood between the buildings of the outer bailey and spanned the path to the castle, the coat of arms of the arch are preserved to this day and are in the Katharinenkirche in Bad Bentheim . The entire building complex in the outer bailey gave way to a post office in 1890.

    garden

    The castle garden was north of the castle complex and was acquired and laid out in 1565 under Anna von Tecklenburg-Schwerin . The system was divided symmetrically into four by two fields with paths in between. A wall with a hedge on the inside surrounded the garden. In 1795, a fish pond with a connection to the Vechte and a total of 42 trees out of 36 fruit trees are named in the rent office register. So there was a small arbor in the northeast corner.

    and display information about the image
    Floor plan of Altena Castle probably from the second half of the 16th century

    Altena as body breed

    Altena Castle was prescribed to the widows of Count Bentheim from 1416 to 1723 as body breeding (table from source 1 ).

    countess Schüttorf prescribed as body breed Schüttorf obsessed comment
    Mechthild from Steinfurt 1416 † 1420
    Gisberta von Bronkhorst 1435 1454-1459 renounced 1459
    Anna of Egmond 1459 † 1462
    Engelberta of Mecklenburg ?
    Margarethe von Wied-Runkel (1518) 1523 resigned 1528
    Cordula of Holstein-Schaumburg 1529 presumably resigned
    Anna of Tecklenburg-Schwerin 1553 1562-1582 † 1582
    Magdalena von Neuenahr-Alpen 1591 1606-1627 † 1626
    Gertrud von Zelst 1663 resigned
    Anna Isabella of Limburg-Stirum 1678 1693-1723 † 1723

    literature

    • Heinrich Voort: On the history of Altena Castle in Schüttorf . In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim 1971 (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 72 ). Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, 1970, ISSN  0437-1909 , ZDB -ID 970929-0 , p. 143-161 .
    • Helmut Hecht: Altona Castle - an old court in the Upper County . In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim 1971 (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 72 ). Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, 1970, ISSN  0437-1909 , ZDB -ID 970929-0 , p. 163-173 .
    • Dietrich Maschmeyer: History made stone: The built Schüttorf, Part 2: Altena Castle in Schüttorf: Obituary for a monument from the Middle Ages and Renaissance of national importance. In: Stadt Schüttorf (Ed.): 700 years of city rights Schüttorf; 1295-1995; Contributions to history (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 134 ). City of Schüttorf, Schüttorf 1995, ISBN 3-922428-39-8 , p. 100-120 .
    • County of Grafschaft Bentheim - Adult Education Center and Museum Coordination (Ed.): Told today - forgotten tomorrow . Memories of Schüttorf after 1945. 1st edition. The Bentheimer Land, No. 164 . Nordhorn 2004, ISBN 3-922428-70-3 , p. 168-173 .
    • Heinrich Voort: "So that everyone may know whose to behave" . The court rules of the countess widow Magdalena zu Bentheim for the Altena house in Schüttorf. In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim 2006 (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 175 ). Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, Bad Bentheim 2005, ISBN 3-922428-81-9 , p. 143-161 .
    • Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The former Altena Castle in Schüttorf. in: If stones could talk . Volume IV, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1998, ISBN 3-7842-0558-5 , pp. 46-48.

    Web links

    Commons : Burg Altena (Schüttorf)  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
    File category Files: Burg Altena (Schüttorf)  - local collection of images and media files

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ a b Die Grafschafter Nachrichten of January 6, 1973.
    2. ↑ a b Die Grafschafter Nachrichten of January 11, 1973.
    3. ↑ View of the town of Schüttorf from the west from a bird's eye view (probably 18th century)
    4. ↑ a b Heinrich Funke: Schüttorf - history and stories . Self-published, Schüttorf 1994, p. 13, 45-46 .
    5. ^ Joseph Niesert: Codex diplomaticus Steinfordiensis or collection of documents on the history of the Steinford rule . In: Münster collection of documents . tape 6 , no. 2 . Rieseschen Buchhandlung, Coesfeld 1835, p. 455 ( online [accessed April 8, 2012]).
    6. ↑ a b Helmut Hecht: Altona Castle - an old court in the Upper County . In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim 1970 (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 72 ). Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, 1971, ISSN  0437-1909 , ZDB -ID 970929-0 , p. 163-173 .
    7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa from Heinrich Voort: On the history of Altena Castle in Schüttorf . In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim 1971 (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 72 ). Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, 1970, ISSN  0437-1909 , ZDB -ID 970929-0 , p. 143-161 .
    8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Dietrich Maschmeyer: History made stone: The built Schüttorf, Part 2: Altena Castle in Schüttorf: Obituary for a monument from the Middle Ages and Renaissance of supraregional importance . In: Stadt Schüttorf (Ed.): 700 years of city rights Schüttorf; 1295-1995; Contributions to history (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 134 ). City of Schüttorf, Schüttorf 1995, ISBN 3-922428-39-8 , p. 100-120 .
    9. ^ Johann Heinrich Jung: Historiae antiquissimae comitatus Benthemiensis libri tres. Accedit codex diplomatum et documentorum. Hanovia et al. a. 1773, p. 208 (Latin, online [accessed April 8, 2012]).
    10. ^ Ludwig Edel: The city rights of the county of Bentheim . Leipzig 1909, p. 29 .
    11. ^ Wessel Friedrich Visch: History of the county of Bentheim / Wessel Friedrich Visch. [Trans. after d. Zwolle 1820 by Lucie Rakers] . Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, Bad Bentheim 1984, ISBN 3-922428-07-X , p. 58 f .
    12. ↑ a b c Peter Veddeler: Castles and permanent houses: Stone witnesses from the manorial time . Altena Castle in Schüttorf. In: Steffen Burkert (Ed.): Past and present of a district: Die Grafschaft Bentheim (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 181 ). 1st edition. Publishing house Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim eV, Bad Bentheim 2010, ISBN 978-3-922428-87-9 , p. 319-320 .
    13. ↑ a b Heinrich Voort: "So that everyone may know whose to behave" . The court rules of the countess widow Magdalena zu Bentheim for the Altena house in Schüttorf. In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim 2006 (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 175 ). Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, Bad Bentheim 2005, ISBN 3-922428-81-9 , p. 143-161 .
    14. ↑ a b c d e f Wilhelm Berge: The history of the city of Schüttorf . 1935.
    15. ↑ a b Hoch-Gräflicher Bentheim-Bentheimischer, simple-minded echo, reinforced with strong testimonies, to the Injurioso-Calumnioses so called Hoch-Gräfliches Bentheim-Steinfurtisches GegenManifest u. a. Andrea Luppio, Wesel, Duißburg and Frankfurt 1687, p. 21, 92 ( online [accessed April 8, 2012]).
    16. ^ A b Gerhard Plasger: The significance of the Hague settlement of 1701 for the Reformed Church of the County of Bentheim and the position of the Oberkirchenrat from 1613-1884 . In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein des Grafschaft Bentheim 2001 (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 151 ). Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, Bad Bentheim 2000, ISBN 3-922428-58-4 , p. 49-51 .
    17. ^ Karl Tücking (ed.): History of the Münster monastery under Christoph Bernard von Galen. Using many previously unprinted archival documents . Aschendorff'sche Buchhandlung, Münster 1865, p. 312 ( online [accessed July 26, 2012]).
    18. ↑ a b Homepage of the parish community Obergrafschaft , accessed on August 18, 2012.
    19. ^ The Diocese of Münster: The Diocese . In: Wilhelm Kohl, Max Planck Institute for History (Hrsg.): Germania sacra. Historical-statistical description of the Church of the Old Kingdom . New follow-up edition. tape 37 , no. 1 . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-11-016470-1 , p. 428 ( online [accessed April 8, 2012]).
    20. ↑ a b c Hermann Thiesmeyer and Gerhard Schrader: From the history of the Schüttorfer schools . From the history of the Catholic school. In: Stadt Schüttorf (Ed.): 700 years of city rights Schüttorf; 1295-1995; Contributions to history (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 134 ). City of Schüttorf, Schüttorf 1995, ISBN 3-922428-39-8 , p. 282-283 .
    21. ^ A b Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand von Raet von Bögelskamp: Bentheim-Steinfurtische, Lagische, Oberysselsche and other contributions to the history of Westphalia, at the same time an attempt at a provincial history of the strange county of Bentheim . Burgsteinfurt 1805, p. 214, 242 ( online [accessed April 8, 2012]).
    22. ↑ a b c d e f g Heinrich Voort: Between sovereigns and class lords: The Catholic community of Schüttorf since the Reformation . In: Stadt Schüttorf (Ed.): 700 years of city rights Schüttorf; 1295-1995; Contributions to history (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 134 ). City of Schüttorf, Schüttorf 1995, ISBN 3-922428-39-8 , p. 229-254 .
    23. ^ A b Axel Kreienbrink: Problems of denominational coexistence - The cemetery dispute in Schüttorf 1853 . On the importance of parish archives for local and regional research. In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein des Grafschaft Bentheim 2002 (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 155 ). Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, Bad Bentheim 2001, ISBN 3-922428-61-4 , p. 62 .
    24. ^ Helmut Hecht: 100 years of St. Marien - Schüttorf . A sketchy chronicle. In: Yearbook of the Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim 1969 (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 65 ). Heimatverein der Grafschaft Bentheim, 1968, ISSN  0437-1909 , ZDB -ID 970929-0 , p. 32-36 .
    25. ^ A b Rudolf Laing: Schüttorf in old views . 4th edition. European Library, Zaltbommel 1980, ISBN 90-288-0179-0 , pp. 37, 45, 46 .
    26. ↑ a b County of Bentheim - Adult Education Center and Museum Coordination (ed.): Still told today - forgotten tomorrow . Memories of Schüttorf after 1945 (=  Das Bentheimer Land . Volume 164 ). Nordhorn 2004, ISBN 3-922428-70-3 , p. 168 .
    27. ^ Grafschafter Nachrichten GmbH & Co. KG (ed.): The upper county . photographed by Rudolf Bulla (1968–1988) and Alfred Beernink (Gildehaus, 1950–1970). 1st edition. November 2002, city festivals, theater and an open air festival: Schüttorfer Views, p. 194 .
    28. ↑ Homepage of Pluspunkt Schüttorf: Sights worth seeing ( Memento of the original from May 17, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 18, 2012.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pluspunkt-schuettorf.de
    29. ^ A b Arnold Nöldeke: The districts of Lingen and the county of Bentheim . In: Provincial Commission for Research and Conservation of the Monuments in the Province of Hanover (Hrsg.): The Art Monuments of the Province of Hanover . Osnabrück administrative district. tape IV , no. 4 . Self-published by the provincial administration, T. Schulzes Buchhandlung, Hanover 1919, p. 191, 203 f . ( online [accessed April 8, 2012]).
    30. ^ A b Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff: Principality of Osnabrück, Lower County of Lingen, County of Bentheim and Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen (=  art monuments and antiquities in Hanover . Volume 6 ). Helwig'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Hanover 1879, p. 158 ( online [accessed April 8, 2012]).
    31. ↑ North side of Altena Schüttorf Castle around 1900