Maria Steinfels (Landau)
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The Roman Catholic Church Maria Steinfels (also: Steinfelskirche , Pilgrimage Church Maria im Steinfels , Pilgrimage Church of the Three Times Great Mother in the Steinfelsen ) in the Lower Bavarian town of Landau an der Isar is a Baroque pilgrimage church that was built from 1698 to 1700 with the inclusion of a rock grotto as a location the devotion to Mary was established. The patronage of the little church is the Visitation of the Virgin Mary (feast day: July 2nd).
history
The origin of the pilgrimage goes back to an experience of the Landau saddler and vigilante sergeant Christoph Christi during the Thirty Years War . In the fight against the Swedes in 1645 he was saved from dire need by invoking the Mother of God. Two years later he acquired a portrait of Mary in which he recognized the miraculous apparition. At first he only set it up for private devotion in a rock grotto east of the lower town of Landau. In 1658 he made it accessible to public veneration on a statue, and from 1680 to 1682 he had it surrounded with a first chapel building due to the large number of visitors .
The chapel soon developed into a popular pilgrimage site that was visited by many visitors from all over the lower Isar valley . Therefore, in 1698, the construction of today's baroque church began, which was completed in 1700 but not consecrated until 1726 . The pilgrimage received further confirmation when a small figure of Mary came to light during the construction work, which was identical to the miraculous image . This first came to Irlbach near Straubing via an unknown route and was then transferred back to the Steinfels Church in a solemn procession . The pastoral care of the pilgrimage was taken over by the Franciscan order until the secularization in 1802 .
description
architecture
The small baroque building is unusually oriented to the south, as the single -yoke , three-sided closed choir includes the grotto under a Nagelfluh rock . North joins the three-bay, by pilasters articulated nave on. The window openings are rounded at the top and bottom, and also minimally indented at the top. The side facing the street forms the north facade. This is divided by four pilasters into three equally wide, rectangular fields. A triangular gable rises above it, which is interrupted by the roof turret with onion dome. A small sacristy is attached to the east of the choir.
The inside of the church is accessed via three portals : two rather unadorned ones, which lead from east and west into the northern nave yoke, and the main portal in the north facade. The soaring interior is spanned by a simple barrel vault with stitch caps , which arises from strongly profiled consoles . The choir is surrounded on three sides by a gallery above the rock grotto . Another, this time two-storey gallery has moved into the northern Langhausjoch.
Furnishing
The four-column high altar from around 1725 is located in the center of the choir room and thus covers parts of the rock grotto. It contains the two miraculous images of the pilgrimage to Maria Steinfels. In the center, between the two pairs of columns, is the copy of the Passau Maria-Hilf-Image , venerated by Christoph Christi . Below, in the exposure niche of the tabernacle , the small alabaster figure of Maria-Hilf, apparently found during the construction, is venerated. The figure is exhibited in a Baroque custody from around 1700, which is decorated with rich acanthus . According to the master's mark, it was created by the Dingolfing goldsmith Anton Winhardt. The gilded side figures represent the saints Joseph and Joachim . The altarpiece is accompanied by four volutes and is crowned with a Holy Spirit dove in front of a halo. On the side gables, two vases form the top.
The two side altars are likely to have been built around the same time as the high altar; however, they are designed much more simply. The altar panel is flanked by two pairs of volutes. A cross over Akanthaus carvings serves as the upper end. The left side altar is dedicated to the Visitation of Mary , the right to the passage to the Temple of Our Lady .
On the parapet of the gallery in the choir room, symbols of the Virgin Mary are depicted in eight image fields. A total of twelve paintings from around 1725 can be seen on the gallery parapets in the nave, which thematize the history of the pilgrimage. Numerous votive pictures , which testify to the Baroque devotion to Mary, decorate the nave walls. Some of them are quite interesting in terms of folklore and local history. Other votive offerings made of wax and silver are displayed in showcases .
literature
- Monika Soffner-Loibl: Landau - City Parish St. Mariä Himmelfahrt (= Peda Art Guide No. 808/2010). Kunstverlag Peda, Passau 2010, ISBN 978-3-89643-808-9 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Soffner-Loibl, pp. 29–31
- ↑ a b City of Landau an der Isar (ed.): Churches in Landau , leaflet of the cultural office of the city of Landau and the Lower Bavarian Archaeological Museum in the Kastenhof.
Coordinates: 48 ° 40 ′ 23.2 " N , 12 ° 42 ′ 1.5" E