Marie Jahoda

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Marie Jahoda (born January 26, 1907 in Vienna ; † April 28, 2001 in Keymer, Sussex , Great Britain ; also Marie Jahoda-Lazarsfeld or Lazarsfeld-Jahoda , through further marriage to Albu ; pseudonym: M. Mautner ) was an Austrian social psychologist . She was politically active in the Social Democratic Workers' Party , with the revolutionary socialists and with the foreign representation of the Austrian socialists . Jahoda has been involved in the labor movement since her youth and was considered one of the great old ladies of international social democracy.

Life

Marie Jahoda grew up as the third of four children in a middle-class, assimilated Jewish family. She had two brothers (Edi, born 1903, and Fritz, born 1909) and a sister (Rosi, born 1905, married Kuerti). Her parents were the businessman Karl Jahoda and his wife Betty, nee. Provost. In the year she was born, her father appeared in the address book with the residential address 2., Wittelsbachstrasse 4 (at the Rotundenbrücke , on the Pratercottage ) and as a partner in the company Carl Jahoda, a specialty shop for technical papers and utensils , 3., Radetzkystrasse 11.

Jahoda graduated from the Girls Realgymnasium of the Association for Realgymnasiale girls' teaching in Vienna 8 in 1926. She was involved in the Association of Socialist Middle School Students . There she met the then teacher Paul Felix Lazarsfeld , whom she married in 1926 when she was 19. However, she kept her maiden name. Jahoda began a double degree: teacher training at the Pedagogical Academy and psychology at the University of Vienna . She also worked in a student counseling center. At the age of 21, she moved to Paris for a year for a short time, attended lectures at the Sorbonne and taught Latin.

In 1930 their only child, Lotte Franziska (born July 17, 1930) was born in Vienna . As part of a research project on baby development, she and her husband recorded the child's gestures, smiles, and sounds during the first year.

Making the Invisible Visible: Yahoda's Significance for Social Science

In 1932, together with her husband and Hans Zeisel , she carried out a socio-psychological study on The Unemployed von Marienthal ; the study became famous. His marriage to Lazarsfeld in 1926 was divorced in 1934 after he had gotten involved with Herta Herzog in 1932.

In 1933 she was a member of the Association of Socialist Writers . From 1933 to 1936 Jahoda worked, among other things, at the “Business Psychological Research Center”, an institute affiliated with the University of Vienna. She received her doctorate at the age of 25, making her one of the youngest female doctors in Austria.

She was also active for the Revolutionary Socialists underground. In 1936 she was arrested for working underground. Jahoda was released after nine months of imprisonment due to international interventions, but had to leave the country within 24 hours in July 1937. In addition, her Austrian citizenship was revoked.

She emigrated to England, where she a.o. during the Second World War . a. worked as an advisory member for the propaganda broadcaster “Radio Rotes Wien” and the London office of the diplomatic mission of the Austrian Socialists .

After eight years in London, she went to the USA in 1945 and taught until 1958 at the "University in Exile", the New School for Social Research in New York , as a professor of social psychology . Here she also worked with the exiled members of the Frankfurt School , including Max Horkheimer .

In 1958 she married the British Labor MP in the House of Commons and Minister of State Austen Albu (1903-1994).

From 1958 to 1965 she taught psychology at the Brunel College of Advanced Technology in Uxbridge, Hillingdon (near London). It was not until 1962 that she received a professorship for psychology and social sciences. From 1965 until her retirement in 1973, she held a chair in social psychology at the University of Sussex .

Jahoda formulated a classic problem in the social sciences: "The problem in the human and social sciences is to make invisible things visible". (German: The problem of the social sciences is to make invisible things visible.) She addressed the problem of qualitative methods and analysis techniques, e.g. B. to determine the attitudes or values ​​of an interviewee that do not show up in a pure surface analysis.

In June 2016 she was honored with a bust in the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna .

Awards

Fonts (selection)

  • The unemployed from Marienthal. A sociographic experiment on the effects of long-term unemployment . With Paul F. Lazarsfeld , Hans Zeisel . Hirzel, Leipzig 1933; again: Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt 1975, ISBN 3-518-10769-0
  • Anti-semitism and emotional disorder. A psychoanalytic interpretation. With Nathan W. Ackerman. Harper, NY 1950
  • Research Methods in Social Relations. 1951. With Morton Deutsch and Stuart W. Cook
  • Studies in the Scope and Method of “The Authoritarian Personality.” With Nathan W. Ackerman , Theodor W. Adorno , Bruno Bettelheim , Else Frenkel-Brunswik and others. a.)
    • in German: The authoritarian character. Volume 2: Studies on Authority and Prejudice . Materialis, Frankfurt 1954, ISBN 3-88535-341-5
  • Current Concepts of Positive Mental Health. Report to the Joint Commission of Mental Health and Illness. NY Basic Books, New York 1958
  • Social Psychology of Politics and Culture. Selected writings . Nausner & Nausner, Graz 1995, ISBN 3-901402-02-0
  • “I haven't changed the world.” Memoirs of a pioneer of social research . Edited by Steffani Engler, Brigitte Hasenjürgen , Beltz, Weinheim 2002, ISBN 3-407-22753-1
  • How much work does a person need? Labor and unemployment in the 20th century , (reprint of the 3rd edition), Beltz, Weinheim 1995, ISBN 978-3-407-85033-1

Articles (selection)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Steffani Engler (ed.): "I have not changed the world": Memoirs of a pioneer in social research . Campus-Verlag, Frankfurt 1997, ISBN 3-593-35821-2 , p. 18, 171 .
  2. Adolph Lehmann's general housing indicator 1907, Volume 2, p. 449, digitized online at wienbibliothek.at.
  3. Marie Jahoda. In: uni-graz.at . Archive for the History of Sociology in Austria, 2010, accessed on December 25, 2019.
  4. a b c d e Kathrin Fromm: Students from the past: Marie Jahoda. In: zeit.de . October 19, 2010, accessed December 25, 2019.
  5. Catalog slip at the University Library Vienna.
  6. ^ Marie Jahoda: The Psychology of the Invisible: An Interview. New Ideas in Psychology (4) 1986, No. 1, pp. 107-118.
  7. Seven women's monuments for the University of Vienna. . In: orf.at . October 28, 2015, accessed December 25, 2019.
  8. Arkadenhof of the University of Vienna now also houses women's monuments. In: derStandard.at . June 30, 2016, accessed July 1, 2016.
  9. Honor Community - Website of Johannes Kepler University Linz ( Memento of 7 March 2013 Internet Archive ).
  10. ^ Marie Jahoda School, Vienna.
  11. At the DNB in electronic version.