Max Arkadyevich Taiz

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Taiz plaque on the main building of the LII

Max Arkadievich Taiz ( Russian Макс Аркадьевич Тайц ., Scientific transliteration Maks Arkad'evič Tajc ; born January 21 . Jul / 3. February  1904 greg. In Warsaw ; † 23. July 1980 in Zhukovsky ) was a Soviet aerodynamics and university teachers .

Life

Taiz was the son of the sales representative Izchok-Aaron (Issaak-Arkadi) Sacharowitsch Taiz from Kaunas (1868-1935) and his wife Sara Mowschewna (Sofja Moissejewna nee Wilentschuk (1874-1951)). As a result of the First World War , the Taiz family fled from Warsaw to Moscow in 1915 . Taiz attended the private Sokolowa-Korobowa-Gymnasium there with his younger brother. Then studied Taiz on the mechanics - Faculty of the Moscow Institute of Technology (MWTU). He also worked for a living as a bookbinder and proofreader in several Moscow publishers . In 1925 he married the MGU student Iraida Sejest (1902-1981), who became a well-known archaeologist and later worked in the Pushkin Museum and the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , with whom he had 4 daughters. During his last college course, Taiz worked as a technician in the Research Institute of the Air Forces of the USSR and completed a flight internship in Sevastopol .

After successfully completing his studies in 1929, Taiz was employed at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (ZAGI) . He worked together with Vsevolod Simonowitsch Wedrow in the section for flight investigations under the direction of Alexander Wassiljewitsch Tschessalow . Taiz achieved initial successes while working on the tests of the TB-5 bomber , led by Mikhail Mikhailovich Gromov . 1934-1937 Taiz worked in the technical commission for the preparation of the record flights of the ANT-25 . He played an important role in preparing and planning the plane for the flight of the Valery Pavlovich Chkalov crew . Taiz suggested Andrei Nikolaevich Tupolev for the wings of the ANT-25 to improve the aerodynamics of corrugated surfaces, which was then realized. Taiz was also involved in Gromow's record flight to the United States. Together with Alexander Iwanowitsch Makarewski , Taiz developed devices and methods for measuring the strength of components and the pressure distribution on surfaces and for optical observation of deformations in the 1930s .

When Tupolev and many aircraft designers, as well as his older brother Dawid Taiz, were arrested during the Great Terror , Taiz left the ZAGI before a possible arrest and found a job as an editor in the State Science Library of the People's Commissariat for Heavy Engineering. In 1939 he became dean of the faculty for theoretical mechanics at the all-union industrial academy.

In 1940 the ZAGI brought Taiz back as group leader. Together with Tschessalow, Wedrow and Grigori Semjonowitsch Kalachev, he initiated the establishment of the Flight Research Institute (LII) in Zhukovsky on the basis of the flight research section of the ZAGI. In contrast to the research institute of the People's Commissariat for the Armaments Industry for the testing of aircraft, the LII was to take the leading role in anticipatory aeronautical research regardless of ongoing developments. Taiz was head of Laboratory No. 2 and vice chief of science.

During the German-Soviet War , Taiz directed the evacuation of the scientific part of the LII to Novosibirsk . He then headed the scientific work and flight tests in Novosibirsk and Moscow to increase the maximum speed, increase maneuverability and reduce the fuel consumption of fighters and bombers at the front . In 1945 Taiz, who spoke German , was sent as head of a technical group by the People's Commissariat for the Aviation Industry (NKAP) to the Peenemünde Army Research Center , where the V1 cruise missile and V2 rocket had been developed.

1945-1947 initiated Taiz together with Tschessalow the construction of flying laboratories (LL) of the LII on the basis of the Tu-2 for the investigation and testing of jet engines . Taiz developed a similarity theory for jet engines. He led the tests of the jet fighters MiG-9 , MiG-15 , MiG-19 , Su-9 and others.

Taiz was sacked during the campaign against the rootless cosmopolitan in the late 1940s. In connection with research and development work on cruise missiles and rocket technology, Taiz was brought back to the LII in 1952. He now carried out this work together with the future head of the institute Viktor Wassiljewitsch Utkin and Alissa Moissejewna Znamenskaja . This resulted in the first cruise missile KS-1 , whose testing Taiz led. The head of the LII institute, Nikolai Sergejewitsch Strojew , had Taiz appointed as his deputy despite the opposition due to his Jewish nationality, the failure to join the CPSU and relatives who were victims of the Great Terror or who lived abroad.

Taiz was the initiator and founding director of the Soviet certification system for civil aircraft and helicopters . Its activities led to the entry of the USSR into the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). In 1970 he organized a Soviet- French symposium on issues relating to the standardization and certification of aircraft. Strojew, Utkin, Arseni Dmitrijewitsch Mironow , Wladimir Wassiljewitsch Kostotschkin , Vasili Ivanovich Botscharow and others were involved in the work. Together with the Ministries of Aviation Industry (MAP) and Civil Aviation (MGA), the first Soviet standards for aircraft were developed and introduced. From 1960 to 1970, Taiz led the LII's work on developing the state air traffic control system.

In addition to his research and development activities, Taiz taught at the MWTU (1938–1940), at the Moscow State Aviation Institute (MAI) and Moscow Institute of Aviation Technology (MATI) (1940–1941) and at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MFTI) (1955 -1980). In 1955 he received his doctorate in technical sciences . In 1957 he was appointed professor . 1965–1974 he headed a chair at the MFTI.

Honors, prizes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Энциклопедия техники: Тайц Макс Аркадьевич (accessed July 12, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g В. А. Шевченко, Ю.А. Лапин: Профессор М. А. Тайц и его братья . In: Знакомьтесь: город Жуковский . АО "Книга графикс", Moscow 1995, ISBN 5-88701-002-9 , p. 91-104 .
  3. ↑ ЗЕЕСТ ИРАИДА БОРИСОВНА (accessed July 10, 2019).
  4. ↑ Михаил Маслов: Тяжелый бомбардировщик ТБ-5 . In: Авиация и космонавтика вчера, сегодня, завтра . No. 11 , p. 2013 ( wikireading.ru [accessed July 10, 2019]).
  5. ↑ Seljakow LL : Тернистый путь в никуда: Записки авиаконструктора . АО АНТК им. А.Н. Туполева, Moscow 1997 ( svavia.ru [accessed July 11, 2019]).
  6. ↑ a b c d Лётные исследования и испытания. Фрагменты истории и современное состояние: Научно-технический сборник . Машиностроение, Moscow 1993, ISBN 5-217-02059-8 .
  7. ↑ a b c Амирьянц Г.А .: Летчики-испытатели. Сергей Анохин со товарищи . Машиностроение, Moscow 2001.
  8. ↑ Космический мемориал: Алиса Моисеевна Знаменская (accessed July 12, 2019).
  9. ↑ Анатолий Смирнов: Съезд должен заняться поиском решений сегодняшних трудностей . In: Жуковские Вести . No. 9 , March 1, 2016, p. 8 ( aviationunion.ru [PDF; accessed July 12, 2019]).
personal data
SURNAME Taiz, Max Arkadyevich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Тайц, Макс Аркадьевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian aerodynamicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH February 3, 1904
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw
DATE OF DEATH July 23, 1980
Place of death Zhukovsky