Melborn
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Melborn
Municipality Hörselberg-Hainich
Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 28 " N , 10 ° 26 ′ 53" E
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| Height : | 240 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 5.25 km² |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1974 |
| Incorporated into: | Wenigenlupnitz |
| Postal code : | 99820 |
| Area code : | 036920 |
 Location of Melborn in Hörselberg-Hainich
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 View from the south (2009)
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Melborn is a district of the Thuringian community Hörselberg-Hainich in the Wartburg district .
location
The village of Melborn is located in the center of the Hörselberg-Hainich community, about eight kilometers (as the crow flies) east of Eisenach and is located in the valley of the Nesse, protected from the wind in a depression . The ridge of the Hörselberge rises to the south of the village with the Huhrodt mountain in front ( 368.6 m above sea level ). BAB 4 has been running north of the locality since January 2010 , which has led to a deterioration in living conditions in the village. The closest junction is at Großenlupnitz and is also the junction with the B 84 to Eisenach, Behringen and Bad Langensalza . The geographic height of the place is 240 m above sea level. NN .
history
Melborn was first mentioned in 1075 as Mellenbrunnen , the name was also interpreted as Amalienbrunnen . In earlier years the village was one of the richer settlements in the Nessetal.
According to local tradition, nuns founded the first church by the Klingenborn fountain, which later became a popular place of pilgrimage. The stone cross in the village is said to represent one of these nuns or a saint. The St. Margarethenkirche is considered to be the successor to the pilgrimage chapel , reliable information on the early church history is not known. Another founding tradition reports that at the request of the Fulda abbot Burchard von Fulda (1168–1176) a monastery was founded as a cella in Melborn around 1174 and this was furnished with goods from the Lords of Sonneborn .
To the north of the location there was another settlement in the High Middle Ages - which is still entered in old land maps as Gozharterode . During excavations in connection with the construction of the motorway, this desertification could be confirmed by exposed foundation walls and excavations. When royal troops marched in in 1295, the region in the southern Hainich Foreland was plundered and sacked. Goszharterode was abandoned after this destruction and the survivors settled in Wenigenlupnitz and Melborn.
The lords of Erffa belonged to the numerous noble families who were bound to the Fulda monastery by feudal contracts in West Thuringia in the 13th century . Its headquarters was the Wasserburg Erffa , it was about 10 kilometers east of Melborn in today's Friedrichswerth , on the right bank of the Nesse. The goods handed over to Hartung von Erffa in 1357 were initially handed over to him in his function as monastery bailiff for the Lupnitzorte. The Erffaic goods consisted of a moated castle on the Nesse near Wenigenlupnitz, which the Lords of Lupnitz had already sold to them earlier, as well as lands and ponds. The brothers Dietrich and Hans von Farnroda acquired the Erffaischen possessions and rights in 1493. The wife of Andreas Friedrich von Uetterodt became a sister of the Farnrodaer . The Uetterodt family soon divided their estates, the branch founded by Andreas Friedrich von Uetterodt took over the estates around Wenigenlupnitz and Melborn in the Nessetal through marriage.
The division of the Wettin region since the 16th century also had an impact on Melborn. The eastern neighbors were most recently in the Duchy of Saxony-Coburg and Gotha , Melborn was part of the Eisenach office in the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach .
The Lords of Wangenheim appear as patron saints of the church and court lords in town . For the first time in 1321 the brothers Apel and Fritz von Wangenheim were confirmed as feudal lords of this family in the village. Family divisions, inheritances and pledges left a large number of documents that were the basis for an extensive family chronicle of the Wangenheimers in the 19th century. From these documents it is also clear that the place Melborn was a shared property of the Lords of Uetterodt and the Wangenheimer, the Farnrodaer had also acquired goods and property rights in the place. For centuries, the people of Wangenheim claimed ownership of the Melborn Nessemühle, the lower jurisdiction (until 1847) and the church's patronage rights (until 1909). For the three to five kilometers distant places Großenbehringen and Wolfsbehringen , the mill was compulsory until the beginning of the 19th century, it was connected with taxes to the Wangenheimer. Around 1800 an Eisenach merchant acquired the rights to use the mill and set up a spinning mill there. With the conversion of the mill to a spinning mill, jobs were created, as many cleaning and sorting operations had to be done by hand before the wool was spun.
Melborn was also badly hit during the Thirty Years' War. The St. Margarethenkirche was plundered and valuable documents disappeared or were destroyed in flames. The church was not renewed until 1769, and in 1860 the baroque interior was found to be out of date and part of the walls was whitewashed. The three late Gothic figures of saints belonging to the inventory of the church came to the Thuringian Museum in Eisenach in the 19th century , and a very old “alphabet bell” was used to ring the church.
According to the church chronicle , Valentin Meyse came to the village in 1637, he worked as a teacher for three years and was replaced by his son Andreas Meyse in 1640 . The volumes of the Melborn Church Chronicle before 1637 were lost in the Thirty Years' War, so it is unclear since when the town had its own school. The school building in the local area was built in 1869, it remained in use until 1969, most recently as a primary school for 1st to 4th grade students. School operations for the higher grades were already carried out in Wenigenlupnitz, where the primary and regular school for the Nessetalorte still exists today. The Melborn School had a very good reputation as an educational institution, on June 24, 1869, the then Grand Duke Carl Alexander of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach visited Melborn on the occasion of the inauguration of the new school building. The inauguration festival is enthusiastically described as the cultural highlight of the place in the 19th century. Also in 1879, for the 10th anniversary of the inauguration, the Grand Duke stayed briefly in Melborn. Possibly the "Kaiser Wilhelm linden tree" and the "Bismarck oak tree" were planted as memorial trees in an orchard on the outskirts of the village.
Based on the census of 1875, statistical information on the town of Melborn was published in 1879. Melborn had 43 houses with 222 inhabitants that year. The size of the Melborner Flur was 531.9 ha of which farms and gardens 14.5 ha, meadows 14.9 ha, arable land 372.9 ha. Forest 78.6 ha, ponds, streams and rivers 5.4 ha, on paths, Trifte, wasteland and orchards accounted for 45.5 hectares. The livestock was also remarkable: Melborn had 29 horses, 114 cattle, 219 sheep, 135 pigs and 51 goats and 30 colonies of bees.
The "modern times" began in Melborn with the installation of the first power line to the electric generator at the Wenigenlupnitz "electricity works", which the estate and castle owner Baron Dietrich von Klitzing had built around 1910. With the start of automobile traffic in the outskirts of the city of Eisenach, the Nessetalorten wanted to build a modern road on the northern slope of the Hörselberg, but this was never realized. Most of the residents farmed as a sideline until after the Second World War. The cultivation of watercress was also important in Melborn. At the end of the war, two Wehrmacht soldiers were killed who wanted to prevent the advancing Americans from entering the village. Two farms also went up in flames and burned down as a result of the exchange of fire.
The proximity to the military area and military training area at Kindel was disadvantageous for the place. Ordinary soldiers of the Red Army units stationed there often went to the neighboring villages to get alcohol or food; For the residents of the Nesse valley, the firing range and the military airfield, only two kilometers away, were a threat that continued for decades. The area was a restricted area and there were provisions to protect military secrets.
The end as an independent municipality was decided with the municipal reform in 1973 and in 1974 the incorporation into the neighboring village of Wenigenlupnitz was completed. On January 1, 1996, the place Hörselberg was created in the also newly founded Wartburg district . On December 1, 2007, Hörselberg was merged with the neighboring municipality of Behringen to form the new municipality of Hörselberg-Hainich through the Thuringian law on the voluntary reorganization of municipalities belonging to the district in 2007 .
Culture and sights
The place has some listed farmsteads. In the center of the village is the St. Margaret Church and next to it a centuries-old stone cross - the symbol of the village.
literature
- Christina Reissig et al .: Commemorative publication for the local anniversary 925 years Melborn . Ed .: Melborn municipal administration. DR advertising, Melborn 2000, p. 34 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. District of Gotha, Wartburg district, district-free city of Eisenach . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 2. Erfurt 1999.
- ↑ Witnesses of this former border are old boundary stones at Hörselberg and at Kindel airfield.
- ^ Friedrich Hermann Albert von Wangenheim, Regesta and documents on the history of the Wangenheim family , Vol. I Hanover 1857, Vol. II Göttingen 1872
- ^ Friedrich Hermann Albert von Wangenheim, Contributions to a family history of the Barons von Wangenheim (..) on the basis of the previous two document collections , Huth Göttingen 1874. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- ^ C. Kronfeld, Regional Studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . Second part. Weimar 1879.
- ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2007
