Mocholz
Mocholz (also Mochholz ), Upper Sorbian Mochowc , is a deserted area in Upper Lusatia ( Saxony ) in the municipality of Rietschen .
The place in the Sorbian settlement area was demolished in 1993 in favor of the Reichwalde opencast mine , before it was deferred in 1999 before reaching the location. After the opencast mine went back into operation in 2010, the former location was demolished in the first half of the decade.
geography
The place was about five kilometers west of Rietschen, eight kilometers west of the Daubitz parish and about four kilometers northeast of the Reichwalde parish . Before it was moved, the White Schöps flowed north of the village from the east towards the Black Schöps . The edge of the open pit was less than a kilometer east of the former town center when the open pit was suspended.
Zweibrücken was to the north of Mocholz, Viereichen to the east , Altliebel to the south and the villages of Publick , Wunscha and Schadendorf to the west on the Weißen Schöps were located to the west, all of which were devastated in favor of the open pit. To the southeast lies Neuliebel , south Nappatsch today Altliebel . An extensive forest area extends north of the former location in the Oberlausitz military training area, some of which will also be dredged over by the opencast mine.
When it was incorporated in 1938, the relatively small area of the Gassendorf comprised around 109 hectares. It was originally divided into block and strip corridors.
history
Archaeological finds in the district provide evidence of prehistoric settlement activity.
As a hammer settlement developed around an iron hammer , Mocholz is one of the more recent local foundations in Upper Lusatia . The place was first mentioned in a document in 1563 in a division agreement between those of Metzradt . Archaeological excavations in the years 2009/2010 with subsequent dendrochronological investigations dated the oldest find in the area of the hammer to 1552 (± 10 years). Other finds, all of which are younger, suggest that the hammer (and thus the location) was built in the mid-16th century.
Soon afterwards, Mocholz became the property of the Muskau rulership . When the manor was sold in 1597, the village of Muchholcz, along with iron hammer and fish ponds, was listed in the purchase agreement, so it can be assumed that Mocholz was under Fabian von Schoenaich (owner of the Muskau manor from 1558 to 1573 and from 1587 to 1589) or his nephew Hans Georg (1573 to 1587) was acquired. This was the first time that a place south of the Schöps line came under the rule of Muskau. The iron hammer was probably destroyed in the Thirty Years War (1618–1648). After the war, Curt Reinicke von Callenberg had him rebuilt as one of four in the rule, but the unfavorable market situation forced him to stop at the beginning of the sixties. The Hammergut was converted into a manorial Vorwerk , on which a mill was built in 1662, which was more recently a grinding and oil mill .
Between 1769 and 1771, the Muskau registrar Johann Alexander von Callenberg founded several schools in the rulership, including one in Mocholz in 1770. The school community included Mocholz, Altliebel, Nappatsch, Publick, Viereichen and Zweibrücken. Around 20 years later, a school house was built in which the pastor from Daubitz came to sermon twice a year . This duty is traced back to a legend according to which a chapel should have existed in Mocholz in the pre-Reformation period .
For lack of money, Prince Pückler sold the Mocholz estate in 1811, but bought it back in 1829. In the meantime, as a result of the division of Upper Lusatia after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 , the community came to Prussia and in 1816 was incorporated into the Silesian district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) .
After the Sorbian church service was no longer held in Daubitz , Mocholz and some neighboring towns were repared to Reichwalde in 1858. In Reichwalde, the Sorbian church service was held weekly after the German one.
In 1902 a new school building was built. After the First World War , a rifle club was founded in 1920 and the place was connected to the electrical network in 1924. A World War II memorial commemorated the fallen from Mocholz, Altliebel, Nappatsch and Viereichen.
On April 1, 1938, Mocholz was incorporated into Viereichen . After the end of World War II, again belonging to the state of Saxony, the community was in the administrative reform of 1952 the county White water in district Cottbus assigned.
At the beginning of the eighties the place was connected to the drinking water network. The mill was operated until 1980 and finally demolished in 1992.
The municipality of Viereichen merged with Daubitz , Rietschen and Teicha to form the municipality of Rietschen in 1992 . From 1993 Mocholz, Altliebel and Viereichen with Zweibrücken were devastated for the Reichwalde opencast mine .
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Around 1990 an initiative arose to preserve the historic scrap wood houses that are typical in the Sorbian-populated northern Upper Lusatia. The homestead Mocholz No. 31, consisting of a house (1713/14), barn (1763/64), Ausgedinge (1769/70) and gatehouse (1778/79), was dismantled from 1991 to 1994 and rebuilt on the northern edge of the settlement of Rietschen . It was named Erlichthof after the neighboring Erlichtteich. With the implementation of further scrap wood houses, the museum-like Erlichthof settlement was created .
Some of the still existing fruit trees from the open-cast mining area were later moved to the former Boxberg open-air swimming pool, while others were taken for offspring in order to preserve the regional diversity on a fruit tree meadow in Rietschen.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1782 | 86 |
| 1825 | 263 |
| 1863 | 124 |
| 1871 | 144 |
| 1885 | 129 |
| 1905 | 114 |
| 1910 | 109 |
| 1925 | 126 |
| 1937 | 115 |
| year | obsessed man |
gardener | Cottager |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1630 | 1 | 2 | 10 |
| 1647 | 1 | 2 | 8th |
| 1699 | - | 2 | 12 |
| 1777 | - | 2 | 13 |
| 1782 | - | 2 | 12 |
| 1810 | - | 2 | 12 |
During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) in Mocholz in 1630 there was a fiefdom farmer in the Hammergut, two gardeners and ten cottagers. Shortly before the end of the war, 17 years later, Upper Lusatia was no longer contested at that time, two cottages were recorded as desolate. Towards the end of the century, the place had largely recovered from the war damage, two gardeners and twelve cottagers were recorded. Due to the conversion of the Hammergut to a Vorwerk, this was no longer occupied by a feudal farmer. The number of gardeners did not change in the further course.
When the country was examinated in 1777, 13 cottagers were recorded, five years later there were again 12. The number of residents was estimated at 86 in 1782.
Although the sources for the population of 1825 consistently give 263, this number is implausible, since as early as 1863 only 124 inhabitants are given and in the following surveys the population mostly fluctuates within a narrow range between 110 and 130. The 1870s and 1880s are an exception here, in 1871 144 and around 1880 by Muka 140 inhabitants were counted.
In the 19th century, the Sorbs made up the majority of the population. In 1863 110 of the 124 inhabitants were Sorbs (88.7%), at the beginning of the eighties Arnošt Muka determined 133 Sorbs among the 140 inhabitants (95.0%) for his statistics on the Sorbian population in Upper Lusatia.
After the incorporation, no official population figures were determined for Mocholz alone. The official number of resettlers in 1993 was 56; a large part of the population settled in the Rietschen district of Nieder Prauske from 1990 onwards.
Place name
The German place name developed from Mucholz (1563) via Muchholcz (1597) to Mochholz (1704). After that the spelling varied somewhat, for example Mochholtz (1768) and Mochholz (1819) are documented.
The name is derived from the Old Sorbian moch 'moss'. The Sorbian ending -owc was reinterpreted as Middle High German -holz . The name interpretation as a settlement in the moss or settlement in a mossy environment coincides with the wooded area of the place.
See also
Sources and further reading
literature
- Frank Förster : Disappeared Villages. The demolitions of the Lusatian lignite mining area until 1993 (= series of publications by the Institute for Sorbian Folk Research in Bautzen . Volume 8 ). Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, ISBN 3-7420-1623-7 , pp. 127-133 .
- Hermann Graf von Arnim , Willi A. Boelcke : Muskau. Jurisdiction between the Spree and the Neisse . Ullstein publishing house, Frankfurt / M, Berlin, Vienna 1978.
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, ISBN 978-3-929091-96-0 , p. 249 .
- Robert Pohl : Heimatbuch des Kreis Rothenburg O.-L. for school and home . Buchdruckerei Emil Hampel, Weißwasser O.-L. 1924, p. 210 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Jos Janssen, Peter Schöneburg: Last news from Mocholz. In: Archeology in Saxony. State Office for Archeology , February 15, 2011, accessed on March 18, 2014 .
- ^ Mocholz, most recently Weißwasser district, Saxony. In: Online project fallen memorials. Retrieved March 18, 2014 .
- ↑ The homestead Mochholz No. 31. Accessed on March 18, 2014 .
- ↑ Regina Weiß: Old fruit trees are moving. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . March 12, 2011, accessed March 18, 2014 .
- ^ Daniel Preikschat: Studying fruit trees at the Rietschen opencast mine. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. September 27, 2011, accessed March 18, 2014 .
- ↑ a b Muskau. Jurisdiction between Spree and Neisse , page 602.
- ^ Mochholz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ a b From Muskauer Heide to Rotstein , page 249.
- ↑ Municipal directory Germany 1900. Retrieved on March 18, 2014 .
- ^ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population (= German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - publications of the Institute for Slavonic Studies . Volume 4 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 118 .
- ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book (= German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . Volume 28 ). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 188 .
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 24 ' N , 14 ° 43' E