Molzbichl
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Molzbichl ( village ) village cadastral community Molzbichl |
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| Basic data | |||
| Pole. District , state | Spittal an der Drau (SP), Carinthia | ||
| Judicial district | Spittal an der Drau | ||
| Pole. local community | Spittal an der Drau | ||
| Coordinates | 46 ° 46 '25 " N , 13 ° 33' 16" E | ||
| Residents of the village | 212 (January 1, 2020) | ||
| Building status | 66 (2001) | ||
| Area d. KG | 6.35 km² | ||
| Statistical identification | |||
| Locality code | 02040 | ||
| Cadastral parish number | 73413 | ||
| Counting district / district | Molzbichl (20635 030) | ||
| Source: STAT : index of places ; BEV : GEONAM ; KAGIS | |||
Molzbichl is a place in the lower Drautal in Carinthia . The cadastral municipality of the municipality of Spittal an der Drau covers an area of 634.76 hectares and has 242 inhabitants (as of 2001). The church village is located at an altitude of 532 m in the immediate vicinity of the Tauern motorway , the Austrian part of the Drautalbahn and the Drautal Straße (B 100) and is about five kilometers from Lake Millstatt .
history
Molzbichl was first mentioned in a spring in 1063 as Mulzpuhil. This designation is a common Slavic-German double name in Carinthia. The Slavic word muliti means highlighted and, like the German -bichl, indicates the elevated position of the place. In the early Middle Ages, Molzbichl also had the name Münster (Munstiure). This name refers to the oldest monastery in Carinthia, which was built in Molzbichl in the 8th century for the mission of the Alpine Slavs. The written Slovenian place name is Molec .
Under the current parish church, which is consecrated to St. Tiburtius , the former monastery church with the remains of the former burial place of St. Nonnosus von Molzbichl could be identified. In Austria, the monastery church was only surpassed in its dimensions of 24 × 8 m by the Salzburg Virgildom at the same time. Numerous remains of marble have been preserved from the magnificent interior of the sacred building. The oldest monastery in Carinthia from the 2nd half of the 8th century was excavated on the southern part of the church grounds. The remains that have also been preserved can be viewed. The plant was in the course of the missionary work of the Slavic inhabitants of Carantania by Tassilo III. founded between 772 and 788 and is therefore older than the monasteries founded in the 11th century in St. Georgen am Längsee , Ossiach or Millstatt . After the decline of the monastery in the 9th and 10th centuries, the place was used as a burial place for the carantans . Parallels to Bischofshofen in Pongau in Salzburg and Saint Maximilian with Celto-Romanic cult continuity are likely.
The more than 70 Carolingian wattle stones found represent the most important pre-Romanesque find in Austria. Various finds can be viewed in the early Middle Ages Museum Carantana in the immediate vicinity of the church. The name "Carantana" goes back to a documentary mention of the historian Paulus Diaconus at the time of Emperor Charlemagne , whose territory provincia Carantana also included today's Carinthia and is considered the predecessor of the Duchy of Carinthia. Possibly it was the Molzbichler church and not the one in St. Peter im Holz that Chorbishop Modestus consecrated in the 8th century . Since Molzbichl is a cult continuity, the presence of Romanes or Romanized Celts in the Drautal near the old Roman town of Teurnia (St. Peter in the Wood) can be assumed, as the Nonnosus worship from late antiquity was adopted in the monastery. Why the monastery was abandoned in the 10th century at the latest or whether it was destroyed by rebellious carantans who wanted to shake off the Bavarian-Franconian sovereignty is not clear. Due to the splendid furnishings, there is also the possibility that this is the foundation or own church of a Slavic nobleman, which visibly fell apart or was destroyed after the abdication of the Slavic ruling class, which was forced by the Bavarians. It is also unclear whether Molzbichl was founded in Salzburg or perhaps by the diocese of Freising. In the conversation , which among other things describes the missionary activities of the Salzburg bishops in Carinthia, there is no mention of a mission center in the Drautal, nor of other - proven - mission bases such as B. Innichen , Maria Wörth or the presumably Lombard foundation Maria Gail .
In the altar of today's church there is a tombstone with the only inscription in Austria from the 6th century. This early Christian testimony mentions a deacon by the name of Nonnosus , who died in 532 and lived in the Molzbichl area in the 6th century. The Latin inscription reads:
Hic re [quies] / ci (t) servus Χϱ [ι] (στου) / Nonnosus diac (onus) / qui vixit annos / p (lus) m (inus) CIII obiit / IIII Non (as) Septemb (res) / et deposit (us) est in / hunc loco XIII Kal (endas) Aug (ustas) indict (ione) XI / tertio (anno) post cons (ulatum) / Lampadi et Ores / tis v (irorum) c (larissimorum)
Here lies the servant of Christ, the deacon Nonnosus, who lived about 103 years. He died on September 2nd and was buried in this location on July 20th in the eleventh year of the indication, three years after the consulate of the famous men Lampadius and Orestes.
Excavations took place on the former monastery grounds in Molzbichl in 2013 and 2014, during which 14 human skeletons from the 10th century were recovered. They were examined by the anthropologist Bettina Jungklaus . Of those buried, seven were adults, two were teenagers, three were small children and two were newborns. The high number of non-adults is unusual. The sexes were almost evenly distributed. An average low body height and high exposure to dental caries indicated a low supply of animal protein . Some people were very sick; a younger woman had advanced rheumatoid polyarthritis . Overall, the picture emerged of a population that lived in poor conditions.
The church, first mentioned around 1063, and the cemetery are surrounded by a defensive wall. Molzbichl was an own church of the Eppensteiner in the early Middle Ages . Since the former Römerstraße (first-order road) runs through the local area, it is not surprising that the administration of Molzbichl under the Eppensteiners was located in the former royal court in Treffen am Ossiacher See, directly connected by the former Roman road. Later she was under the patronage of the Counts of Ortenburg in Spittal, temporarily also the Millstatt Knight of St. George . As the original parish , Molzbichl - since 811 the Drau formed the border between the Archdiocese of Salzburg and the Patriarchate Aquileia on the opposite bank - was originally very large and extended from St. Peter-Edling to Rothenthurn, Ferndorf , St. Paul, Glanz, Gschriert, the Laufenberg, Döbriach to Matzelsdorf . Döbriach's dependency did not end until 1786. Apparently, the proximity to Millstatt repeatedly led to conflicts with the monastery. The nave of the church was renewed in 1801 after a major fire. In the Romanesque apse is a two-storey high altar with figurative decorations. A bizarre detail is the wooden hand with a crucifix mounted on the pulpit.
The association "Historisches Molzbichl", operator of the Carantana Museum, researches under the scientific direction of Univ. Prof. Dr. Franz Glaser the late antique complex on the Luginsland near Molzbichl, the Magdalenenkapelle in Baldersdorf and the Carolingian-Ottonian cemetery in St. Peter / Edling. As early as 1939, during the construction of today's Tauern Autobahn (then Reichsautobahn) in Baldersdorf, a Celtic industrial and cult facility was discovered, which included a production facility for Noric iron and a small temple complex.
The oldest traces of settlement in the area can be found at the striking elevation (816 m) Lug ins Land and go back to the 3rd millennium BC. BC back. Stone utensils, ceramics, but also wall and ditch systems were found, which testify to the use of the site up to late antiquity (5th / 6th centuries). The Hochgosch (876 m), the highest point on the Millstätter See ridge, is just under two kilometers away. In 1910 a system with a palisade wall was found there, which was examined more closely in 1987 during an excavation by the Millstatt Abbey Museum . The ramparts, probably a Slavic noble, could be dated to the time around 800 AD.
Trivia
- Around 1700 Prince Anton von Porcia allowed the hermit Simon Frank to build a hermitage in the forest of Molzbichl. Frank came from the local area (Kreuzen) and had a life as a mercenary behind him. The convert had lived in a cave under the Luginsland since 1679 . The pious man repeatedly expressed his wish to find his final resting place at the portal of the Molzbichler Church, which he was granted after his death on June 29, 1725 at the age of 91.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dehio Carinthia 2001, p. 561.
- ^ Claudia Fräss-Ehrfeld: History of Carinthia. Volume 1 , Klagenfurt, 2nd edition 2005, p. 51.
- ^ Project Molzbichl, cemetery of the carantans. In: anthropologie-jungklaus.de. Retrieved June 4, 2017 .
- ↑ Bettina Jungklaus: The carantanic church cemetery of Molzbichl / Carinthia - results of the anthropological investigation . In: Felix Biermann , Thomas Kersting, Anne Klammt (eds.): The early Slavs - from expansion to gentes and nationes . Verlag Beier & Beran , Langenweißbach 2016, ISBN 978-3-95741-054-2 .
- ↑ A large part of the found material is to be exhibited in the Lug ins Land inn.
- ↑ Representations of this early medieval refugee settlement can be viewed in the Millstatt Abbey Museum .
- ↑ Cf. Matthias Maierbrugger: Urlaub am Millstättersee ., 1978, p. 194 ff.
literature
- Franz Glaser / Kurt Karpf: A Carolingian monastery. Bavarian mission center in Carinthia. Vienna 1989.
- Matthias Maierbrugger : Vacation on Lake Millstatt. A guide. Heyn Verlag, Klagenfurt, 2nd edition, 1978, ISBN 3-85366-269-2 , pp. 192-196. [not entirely current overview / without footnotes]
- Dehio manual. Carinthia (pp. 561-562). Verlag Anton Schroll & Co., 3rd edition, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X
further reading
- Karl Amon (ed.): The holy Nonnosus of Molzbichl Verlag d. Kärntner Landesarchivs, Klagenfurt 2001, ISBN 3-900531-49-8
- Franz Glaser: The minster in Molzbichl, the oldest monastery in Carinthia , 1989. In: Carinthia I , 179 (1989), pp. 99–124.
- Kurt Karpf: On the history of the Molzbichl parish: from the beginnings to the Josephinian parish regulation , dissertation, Innsbruck 1988
