Mustafa Abduldschemil Dschemiljew

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Mustafa Dschemilyev

Mustafa Dzhemilev ( Crimean Tatar Mustafa oğlu Abdülcemil Cemilev (Qırımoğlu) ; Ukrainian Мустафа Джемілєв ; Russian Мустафа Абдулджемиль Джемилев * 13. November 1943 in Mischritschtschja (Crimean Ay Serez ) in Sudak on the Crimea ) is a Ukrainian politician and since 1998 pro-Western deputy in ukrainian parliament. In the parliamentary elections in Ukraine in 2014 on October 26th, he was re-elected to the Verkhovna Rada from the Petro Poroshenko bloc .

As a dissident in the Soviet Union , he campaigned for human rights until the end of 1991, and in particular for the concerns of the Crimean Tatars, who were forcibly relocated to Central Asia in 1944 . Since 1989 he has been chairman of the National Movement of Crimean Tatars, who have returned to Crimea through his initiative , and from 1998 to 2013 he was chairman of its national assembly Qırımtatar Milliy Meclisi . After Russia annexed Crimea in March 2014, Dschemilyev was refused entry to Crimea for five years.

Life

Mustafa Abduldschemil Dschemiljew was born in 1943 in a village in south-eastern Crimea. After the end of the German occupation of the peninsula, Soviet troops rounded up the entire Crimean Tatar population of the Crimea (approx. 250,000 people) in May 1944 and deported them to the Urals , Siberia and Central Asia; Dzhemilyev's family was relocated on May 18, 1944.

Jemilyev spent his childhood in a village in Andizhan Oblast in Uzbekistan , where the family was under supervision. After Stalin's death , living conditions became easier and in 1955 the family moved to the town of Angren near Tashkent . In 1959 Mustafa Dschemiljew finished school in the city of Mirzacho'l and tried to enroll in Oriental Studies at Tashkent University , which he was refused on the grounds that no Crimean Tatars would be accepted into this faculty. Dschemiljew then worked for two years in a factory in Mirzacho'l and then as a lathe operator in an aircraft factory in Tashkent, until he was dismissed there for his politically subversive activities. From 1962 he studied at the Agricultural Institute in Tashkent, specializing in irrigation and melioration, until he was de-registered in 1965 for formal reasons; in particular his work on “Turkish culture in the Crimea in the 13th to 18th centuries”, which was widely used in the university, was classified by the KGB as nationalistic and anti-Soviet.

Dissident and prisoner in the Soviet Union

In 1961 Dschemiljew co-founded the underground organization "Union of Crimean Tatar Youth" and became one of the most active dissidents in the Soviet Union.

In May 1966, he was sentenced to 18 months in prison for refusing to serve in the Red Army . In prison, he was accused of anti-Soviet propaganda and went on hunger strike for the first time. After his release from prison, he contacted other dissidents all over the Soviet Union. In May 1969 he founded the "Initiative Group for the Defense of Human Rights in the Soviet Union" with Andrei Sakharov and others. In the same year he was arrested along with the Soviet general Pyotr Grigorenko and taken to Tashkent. Mustafa Dschemilyev was sentenced to three years in prison, Grigorenko was sent to a psychiatric institution for five years.

From 1972 to 1974 he lived under constant surveillance by the KGB in Uzbekistan, where he had to work as an engineer on a collective farm. In 1974 he was arrested again and sentenced to one year of forced labor in a labor camp for attempting to hand over a petition to US President Richard Nixon on behalf of the Crimean Tatars. He was transferred to a prison for allegedly distributing anti-Soviet propaganda among prisoners in the Omsk Oblast labor camp. Here he went on the longest hunger strike of all Soviet dissidents - for 303 days. He survived by force-feeding and became known to the Western public during this period. The authorities ignored this and sentenced him to two and a half years in a hard labor camp in a retrial in Omsk .

In April 1976 Dschemilyev was again sent to a labor camp for resistance activities and later deported to Tashkent, where he lived under KGB observation from December 1977. In early 1979 he was arrested again and sentenced to one and a half years in prison, which was later converted to four years of exile in Yakutia . From there he tried to settle in the Crimea with his wife and his exiled child, but after three days there he was forcibly relocated to Yangiyo'l in Tashkent Oblast , where he worked as a locksmith, among other things. He was arrested for the sixth time in November 1983 and sentenced to three years in a prison camp in Magadan Oblast . Similar to the previous proceedings, he was accused of defaming the internal and external policies of the Soviet state and of agitating against the state. In addition, his attempt to bury his father in the Crimea was seen as a riot. To make matters worse, the declaration made with Sakharov and other intellectuals condemning the invasion of Afghanistan , which achieved great publicity.

During the period of political relaxation of perestroika under Mikhail Gorbachev , Dschemilyev was released from prison in December 1986. While still in exile, Dschemilew was elected to the “Central Initiative Group of the Crimean Tatars” in April 1987 and published its monthly bulletin. Two years later, in May 1989, he moved with his family to Bakhchysarai , Crimea.

Post-Soviet political career

After his return to the Crimea, Dschemiljew led the political movement "Milli Hareket", which successfully campaigned for around 280,000 Crimean Tatars to return to their homeland. In June 1991 these convened a national assembly ( Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar people ), which Jemilev elected to chair. He headed the meeting until the end of 2013. He was given the name “Qırımoğlu” ( son of Crimea ) for his commitment to the return of the Crimean Tatars who were forcibly deported by Stalin .

Dschemiljew has been a member of the Ukrainian parliament since 1998 , first for the party “Narodny Ruch Ukrajiny” (People's Movement of Ukraine) and then as a non-party. In 2004, as the leader of the Crimean Tatars, he supported the Orange Revolution and its pro-Western leader Viktor Yushchenko . He ran for election to the Ukrainian parliament on October 26, 2014 in the prominent position 5 on the list of the President, the Petro Poroshenko Bloc .

Dschemiljew received several honorary doctorates, in 1996 from the Selçuk University and 1998 from the Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Institute . He was awarded the United Nations Nansen Refugee Prize in October 1998 . This honored his peaceful work for the rights of the Crimean Tatars. In 2005 he and the human rights activist Sergei Kowaljow received the Victor Gollancz Prize of the Society for Threatened Peoples . He has been nominated several times for the Nobel Peace Prize.

A nine-part documentary about Dschemilyev's personal fate and that of his ethnic group was broadcast on Turkish television in 2013 (Turkish: "KIRIMOGLU, Bir Halkin Mucadelesi", English: "Son of Crimea: Struggle of a People").

Crimean crisis

After the political upheaval in Ukraine as a result of the Euromaidan from the end of 2013, separatist efforts arose in Crimea, aimed at separating the peninsula from Ukraine and annexing it to the Russian Federation. In the resulting Crimean crisis , Dschemiljew fought for Crimea and its ethnic group to remain in Ukraine. So he traveled on 14 March 2014 by Brussels , the NATO urge to intervene militarily in the Crimea. Under his leadership, the Crimean Tatars boycotted the referendum on the status of Crimea on March 16, 2014. During this time, Jemilyev was in Turkey and confirmed his rejection after the results were announced at a joint press conference with Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu . As a result, on April 19, the new Russian leadership banned Dschemiljew from re-entering Crimea for five years. On May 3, 2014, a large crowd of Tatars forced a meeting on the border near Armjansk against the resistance of the Russian security forces .

On April 15, 2014, Dschemiljew received the highest award in the country, the Turkish Grand Order of Merit ('Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Nişanı') from the Turkish President Abdullah Gül .

On June 3, 2014, Mustafa Dschemiljew was awarded the first ever Polish Solidarność Prize , which is worth one million euros. The award winner will receive 250,000 euros of the sum. 700,000 euros are earmarked for aid programs chosen by the award winner and 50,000 euros for a study trip by the award winner through Poland. Polish Foreign Minister Radosław Sikorski , his American counterpart John Kerry , Ukrainian President-elect Petro Poroshenko and Turkish Vice-Prime Minister Bülent Arınç were also present at the award ceremony by Polish President Bronisław Komorowski .

Dschemiljew is under discussion as the head of the planned authority for Crimean affairs in Ukraine.

family

Dschemiljew is married and has three children; the family lived in Bakhchysarai until the Crimean crisis in 2014. Today Mustafa Dschemilyev lives separated from his family in Kiev. His son Khaiser, arrested by the Ukrainian authorities in 2013, is on remand in Russia on suspicion of murder despite the fact that the European Court of Human Rights has ordered his release. His sister Vasfir Khairova was also a dissident in the Soviet Union and is married to the political activist Izzet Khairov.

literature

  • Džemilev (Abduldžemil '), Mustafa. In: SP de Boer, EJ Driessen, HL Verhaar (Ed.): Biographical Dictionary of Dissidents in the Soviet Union, 1956–1975. Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag 1982, ISBN 90-247-2538-0 , pp. 118-120 ( online at Google books).

Web links

Commons : Mustafa Abdülcemil Qırımoğlu  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Central Election Commission, Electoral list of PARTY "BLOK PETRA POROSHENKA", Official Website, cvk.gov.ua ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed March 8, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cvk.gov.ua
  2. ↑ a b c d For all biographical details see the extensive and reliable description in Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (ed.): Mustafa Dzhemilev - Biography. In: UNPO.org .
  3. ↑ a b The activities up to 1975 are listed in great detail in: Džemilev (Abduldžemil '), Mustafa. In: SP de Boer, EJ Driessen, HL Verhaar (Ed.): Biographical Dictionary of Dissidents in the Soviet Union, 1956–1975. Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag 1982, ISBN 90-247-2538-0 , pp. 118-120 ( online at Google books).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Roman Goncharenko: Mustafa Dschemilew's fight for the Crimea. In: dw .de , June 3, 2014.
  5. ↑ a b Solidarity Prize for Mustafa Dzhemilev of Ukraine. In: mfa.gov.pl , June 3, 2014.
  6. ↑ The protocol of the trial is published in English translation as: Documents about the Ordeal of Forced Exile. Document 1. In: Edward A. Allworth (Ed.): The Tatars of Crimea: Return to the Homeland. Studies and Documents. 2nd, improved edition. Duke University Press, Durham, NC 1998, ISBN 0-8223-1994-2 , pp. 237-244 ( preview on Google Books).
  7. ↑ Documents on the process have been published in book form: I. Čegertma (Red.): Šestoj process Mustafy Džemileva (materialy sledstvija i zapis' sudebnogo processa), 1983–1984. Fond Krym, Simferopol 2001, ISBN 966-7283-84-4 .
  8. ^ Carl Skutsch (ed.): Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Routledge, New York 2005, ISBN 1-57958-392-X , p. 1190 ( online at Google Books).
  9. ↑ Ukraine election - Yanukovych companions out, Maidan representatives in. In: Tiroler Tageszeitung Online , October 20, 2014; Ian Bateson: Few Crimean Representatives in Next Parliament. In: Kyivpost .com , October 22, 2014.
  10. ↑ Inse Geismar: 37th annual general meeting of the Society for Threatened Peoples (STP). ( Memento from February 25, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) In: GfbV.de , June 5, 2005.
  11. ↑ Mustafa Jemilev Nobel Peace Prize Campaign 2011. In: UNPO.org , February 9 2011th
  12. ↑ See the 7-minute trailer on Youtube and the Kirimoglu.org website ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and the report First part of film of Mustafa Cemil to go on the air on April 4. ( Memento of the original from July 30, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: QHA.com.ua (Crimean News Agency) April 2, 2013, and Inci Bowman's abstract: Son of Crimea: Struggle of a People. In: ICCrimea.org (International Committe for Crimea), May 23, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kirimoglu.org @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / qha.com.ua
  13. ↑ NATO should intervene in Crimea 'before massacre'. Tatar leader Mustafa Dzhemilev. In: Zee News. March 14, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014. Mustafa Dzhemilev, Member of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and Leader of the Crimean Tatar National Movement, visits NATO HQ (March 14, 2014 ). In: Permanent Mission of Ukraine to NATO (website). March 14, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
  14. ^ Turkey rejects Crimea referendum. In TurkishPress.com , March 17, 2014.
  15. ^ Tatar leaders banished from Crimea until 2019. In: Die Welt , April 22, 2014.
  16. ↑ Rioting Crimean Tatars force a meeting with leader Dzhemilev. ( Memento of the original from May 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Zeit Online with material from AFP, May 4, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.zeit.de
  17. ↑ Crimean Tatar Leader Receives Turkey's Highest State Order. In: rfler.org , April 16, 2014; President Gül Bestowes the Order of the Republic upon Crimean Tatar Leader Kırımoğlu. In: tccb.gov.tr (website of the President), April 15, 2014.
  18. ↑ Solidarnosc Prize for leaders of the Crimean Tatars. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung with material from the DPA, June 4, 2014.
  19. ↑ Poland gives freedom award to Crimean Tatar leader. In: WorldBulletin.net , June 4, 2014; Poroshenko wants the Crimea back. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , June 3, 2014.
  20. ↑ Interview: Mustafa Dzhemilev - 'There Is A Certain Tension In The Air'. In: rferl .org , May 16, 2014.
  21. ↑ ECHR Orders Release from Custody of Mustafa Dzhemilev's Son. ( Memento of the original from October 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: UkraineBusiness.com.ua , July 17, 2014; Dzhemilev's Son Transferred In Custody From Crimea To Krasnodar. In: RFERL.org , September 29, 2014. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ukrainebusiness.com.ua
  22. ↑ Khairova (née Džemileva), Vasfir. In: SP de Boer, EJ Driessen, HL Verhaar (Ed.): Biographical Dictionary of Dissidents in the Soviet Union, 1956–1975. Martinus Nijhoff, Den Haag 1982, ISBN 90-247-2538-0 , p. 239 ( online at Google books).
personal data
SURNAME Dschemiljew, Mustafa Abduldschemil
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Cemilev, Mustafa; Dzemilev, Mustafa; Cemiloglu, Mustafa; Kirimoglu, Mustafa Abdülcemil
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ukrainian politician and chairman of the National Assembly of Crimean Tatars
DATE OF BIRTH November 13, 1943
PLACE OF BIRTH Mishritschja (Sudak) near Sudak , Crimea