Josef Mysliveček

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Josef Mysliveček

Josef Mysliveček (born March 9, 1737 in Prague , † February 4, 1781 in Rome ) was a Bohemian composer .

Life

Josef Mysliveček was the son of a miller. He and his twin brother Joachim received their first lessons at the Dominican normal school at the St. Gallus Church in Prague and probably at the Jesuit high school in the Clementinum . From 1744 the brothers studied philosophy and literature at Charles University in Prague , which Josef left in March 1753 due to lack of academic success. In May 1758 he and his brother started working in their parents' mill; In 1758 they became journeymen, in 1761 master millers. Soon afterwards Joseph renounced his inheritance.

He took composition lessons with Franz Johann Habermann (1706–1783) and organ lessons with Josef Seger (1716–1782); He probably earned money as a violinist. In 1763 he published his first works, dedicated to Count Vincenz von Waldstein : six symphonies named after the months from January to June.

On November 5, 1763 he left Prague, supported by Count Waldstein, to study singing and composition with Giovanni Pescetti (1706–1766) in Venice . His first stage work, Semiramide , was performed in Bergamo in 1765. He was called "Il Boemo" ( the Bohemian ) or "Venatorino" ( The little hunter , as his name translates) because of his name, which is ineffable for Italians .

In December 1766, Mysliveček was commissioned to compose Il Bellerofonte . He wrote the work in a short time and performed it on January 20, 1767 in Naples with important singers such as the tenor Anton Raaf (1714–1797) and the soprano Caterina Gabrielli (La Gabrielli, 1730–1796), with whom he had a liaison is said. The success of this opera earned him a new commission: he wrote Farnace for the court of Naples , an opera whose first performance was a triumphant success. During this time he was the highest paid opera composer in Italy; his fame spread across Europe. Eighteen of his operas were copied for the court in Portugal, and his works were printed in Paris, Amsterdam and London, which was not a matter of course in the 18th century.

In 1768 he was in Prague, in 1769 in Venice, Padua and Florence. He first met Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , with whom he was on friendly terms, in Bologna in 1770, and again on May 15, 1771 in Milan. In 1772 he traveled to Vienna, where an opera commission had brought him, where Charles Burney met him, possibly also to Munich. In 1773 Mysliveček was back in Italy, where he met Mozart again. On November 4, 1773, he directed the performance of Orfeo ed Euridice by Christoph Willibald Gluck .

In 1775 the first symptoms of syphilis appeared , which eventually led to a disfiguring facial paralysis and the loss of his nose. He also struggled with financial problems. In 1777 he was back in Munich. His operas Ezio and his oratorio Abramo ed Isacco were successfully performed. He had to go to the hospital, where Mozart visited him. The latter described him on October 11th as follows: “If it weren't for his face, it would be completely the same; full of fire, spirit and life ”. He tried in vain to get Mozart an opera commission at an Italian theater. After returning to Italy, his star began to decline. In 1779 his opera Armida fell through, and the following operas were no longer a success. After a painful operation - as a futile attempt to cure his syphilis, his nose was removed - he died impoverished and forgotten in Rome. Sir Barry or Brady, an English friend and student, had him buried in the Roman church of San Lorenzo in Lucina . The encyclopedia of music in the past and present mentions that the tomb - "a monument that is now lost" - went under. It was rediscovered during excavations in the 1990s. At that time you could see it on the guided tour of the excavation under the church. It was no longer built. Today there is a newer marble plaque with a picture and an inscription on the front right of the first pillar, in which it is called il boemo (“the Bohemian”).

plant

Vocal music

measure up

  1. Paerum elegans in D major (1772)
  2. Mass in D major (around 1772)
  3. Requiem in E flat major

Psalms and other liturgical forms

  1. Veni sponsa Christi in G minor (1771)
  2. Beatus Bernardy in B flat major (around 1772)
  3. Litany in D major (around 1777)
  4. Ave splendens caeli (Offertorium de Tempore) in G major
  5. Laudate Dominum in F major
  6. Salve Regina in F major

Oratorios

  1. Il Tobia (1769, Padua)
  2. I pellegrini al sepolcro (1770, Padua, lost)
  3. Adamo ed Eva (May 24, 1771 Florence)
  4. Betulia liberata (1771, Padua, missing)
  5. Giuseppe riconosciuto (around 1771, Padua, missing)
  6. La Passione di Nostro Signore Gesù Cristo (1773, Florence)
  7. La liberazione d'Israel (1775, Prague, lost)
  8. Isacco figura del redentore (also as Abramo ed Isacco, 1776, Florence; 1777 Munich)

Cantatas

  1. Il Parnaso confuso (1765, Parma, Serenata, sometimes considered Mysliveček's first opera)
  2. Narciso al fonte (1768, Padua, lost)
  3. Cantata per SE Marino Cavalli (1768, Padua, lost)
  4. Cantata pro omni solenitate (1769, Prague)
  5. Alceste e Fileno (before 1770, Prague)
  6. 6 Cantate a 3 voci (Naples, lost)
  7. L'Elfrida (1774, Florence, lost)
  8. Enea negl'elisi ovvero Il tempio dell'Eternità (1777, Munich, lost)
  9. Armida (around 1779)
  10. Ebbi non ti smarrir
  11. La tempesta
  12. 3 Notturni

Operas

The lyricists as well as the date and place of the premiere are named below.

  1. Semiramide (Libretto: P. Metastasio , WP: 1766, Bergamo)
  2. Il Bellerofonte (Libretto: G. Bonechi, WP: January 20, 1767, Naples, Teatro San Carlo )
  3. Farnace (Libretto: AM Lucchini , WP: November 4, 1767, Naples, Teatro San Carlo)
  4. Il trionfo di Clelia (Libretto: P. Metastasio, Premiere: December 26th 1767, Turin, Teatro Regio )
  5. Il Demofoonte (Libretto: P. Metastasio, WP: 1769, Venice, Teatro San Benedetto )
  6. L'Ipermestra (Libretto: P. Metastasio, WP: 1769, Florence)
  7. La Nitteti (Libretto; P. Metastasio, WP: 1770, Bologna)
  8. Motezuma (Libretto: VA Cigna-Santi, WP: January 23, 1771, Florence, Teatro della Pergola )
  9. Il gran Tamerlano (Libretto: A. Piovene , Premiere: December 26th 1771, Milan, Teatro Regio Duc)
  10. Il Demetrio (Libretto: P. Metastasio, WP: 1773, Pavia, Teatro Nuovo)
  11. Erifile (WP: 1773, Munich)
  12. Romolo ed Ersilia (Libretto: P. Metastasio, Premiere: August 13th 1773, Naples, Teatro San Carlo)
  13. Antigona (Libretto: G. Roccaforte, Premiere: December 26th 1773, Turin, Teatro Regio)
  14. La clemenza di Tito (Libretto: P. Metastasio, Premiere: December 26th 1773, Venice, Teatro San Benedetto)
  15. Atide (Libretto: T. Stanzani, WP : 1774, Padua)
  16. Artaserse (Libretto: P. Metastasio, WP: August 13th 1774, Naples, Teatro San Carlo)
  17. Il Demofoonte (Libretto: P. Metastasio, WP: January 20, 1775, Naples, Teatro San Carlo)
  18. Ezio (first version, libretto: P. Metastasio, premiere: June 5, 1775, Naples, Teatro San Carlo)
  19. Merope (WP: 1775, Naples)
  20. Adriano in Siria (Libretto: P. Metastasio, WP: 1776, Florence, Teatro Cocomero)
  21. Ezio (second version, libretto: P. Metastasio, WP: 1777 Munich)
  22. La Calliroe (Libretto: M. Verazi, WP : May 30, 1778, Naples, Teatro San Carlo)
  23. L'olimpiade (Libretto: P. Metastasio, WP: November 4, 1778, Naples, Teatro San Carlo)
  24. La Circe (Libretto: D. Perrell, WP: 1779, Venice, Teatro San Benedetto)
  25. Il Demetrio (Libretto: P. Metastasio, WP: August 13, 1779, Naples, Teatro San Carlo)
  26. Armida (Libretto: G. Migliavacca, premiere: December 26th 1779, Milan, Teatro alla Scala )
  27. Medonte (Libretto: G. de Gamerra, WP: Karnaval 1780, Rome, Teatro Argentina)
  28. Antigono (Libretto: P. Metastasio, WP: spring 1780, Rome, Teatro delle Dame)

Melodrama

  1. Theodoric and Elisa (around 1778)

Orchestral music

Symphonies

  1. Symphony in C major, 1762;
  2. VI Symphony a quattro (D major, G major, C major, F major, G minor, D major) op. 1, 1764;
  3. III Symphony (D major, E flat major, B flat major = overture to Il tronfo di Clelia ), 1769;
  4. III symphonies (F major, D major, G major), before 1770;
  5. VI Symphony a 8 (D major = overture to Semiramide, G major, C major, F major, B major, E flat major), before 1771;
  6. VI Symphony a 8 (D major, F major, A major = overture to Alceste e Fileno, C major, G major = overture to Il Parnaso confuso , D major), before 1771;
  7. Symphony in D major, around 1771;
  8. Symphony in E flat major around 1771;
  9. III symphonies in F major, D major, C major (around 1771);
  10. Symphony in D major, around 1771;
  11. VI Overtures (C major, A major, F major, D major, B major, G major), 1772;
  12. VI symphonies (G major, E flat major, A major, E major, D major, B flat major), around 1775 (also passed down as quartets);
  13. VI symphonies (D major, B major, G major, E flat major, C major, F major, lost), 1776/77;
  14. VI Sinfonie da orchestra (D major = overture to Antigona, G major = overture to Ezio (1775), D major = overture to Il Demofoonte (1775), B major = overture to Artaserse, D major = overture to Il Demetrio (1773), D major = overture to Adriano in Siria );
  15. Symphony in D major = overture to La Calliroe;
  16. VI symphonies (D major, F major, B flat major, E flat major, G major, C major), around 1778;
  17. II overtures (D major, F major);
  18. Symphony in C major;
  19. II symphonies (F major, G major);
  20. Symphony in F major;
  21. Symphony in D major.

Concerts

  1. Violin Concerto in D major, around 1769;
  2. VI Violin Concertos (E major, A major, F major, B major, D major, G major = pastoral), around 1772;
  3. Violin Concerto in C major, around 1772;
  4. Violin Concerto in C major (also available as Violoncello Concerto), before 1775;
  5. Violin Concerto in B flat major (incomplete);
  6. Cello Concerto in C major (arrangement of a violin concerto);
  7. Flute Concerto in D major;
  8. II Harpsichord Concerts (B flat major, F major);
  9. VI Concertoni for 2 clarinets, 2 horns, bassoon solo and strings (missing apart from one concerto in E flat major), around 1774/76 and 1777/78.

Chamber music

Sonatas for a solo instrument

  1. III Sonata for Violin and Basso (G major, C major, F major);
  2. II Sonatas for Violin and Basso (A major, B major);
  3. Sonata in C major for violoncello and basso (1770, lost);

Trios

  1. VI Trii for 2 violins and basso (A major, G minor, F major, E flat major, B flat major, C minor), 1767, lost except for the trio in E flat major;
  2. VI Sonates en trio op. 1 (C major, A major, D major, F major, A major, E flat major), 1772;
  3. VI Orchestra Trios for Two Violins and a Violoncello (No. 1–4 = No. 1–4 of the Sonates en trio, G major, B flat major), 1772;
  4. VI Sonates pour deux violons & basse op.4 (C major, G major, E flat major, A major, B flat major, F major), 1772;
  5. IV Trios (A major, F major, D major, G major);
  6. III individual trios (E major, F major, G major);
  7. VI Trios pour feux flutes et basse op. 5 (G major, C major (lost), A minor, E minor, D major (lost), B flat major);
  8. VI trii per flauto, violino e violoncello (D major, G major, C major, A major, F major, B major);
  9. Trio in E flat major for horn, violin and basso (lost);
  10. VI Sonatas for 2 Violoncello and Basso (A major, D major, G major, F major, C major, B flat major);
  11. Cassation for 2 clarinets and horn;

Quartets

  1. VI String Quartets Op. 3 (A major, F major, B major, G major, E flat major, C major), 1768/69;
  2. VI String Quartets Op. 1 (E flat major, C major, D major, F major, B flat major, G major), 1778;
  3. VI Quatuors a deux violins, taille et basse (C major, F major, B major, E flat major, G major, A major);
  4. VI String Quartets (G major, E flat major, A major, E major, D major, B flat major), around 1775;
  5. Quartet / sextet for 2 horns (ad libitum), string quartet in G major;

Quintets

  1. VI Symphony concertanti o sia Quintetti op. 2 (B flat major, E major, G major, A major, D major, C major), with 2 horns ad libitum, 1767;
  2. VI String Quintets (G major, E flat major, C major, A major, F major, B flat major), around 1773;
  3. VI Quintets for oboe or flute and string quintet (B flat major, D major, F major, C major, A major, E flat major, oboe / flute part, the quintets in C major, A major, Eb -Dur), around 1777;
  4. VI Quintets for 2 oboes, 2 horns and bassoon (D major, G major, E flat major, B flat major, F major, C major), 1774/76 and 1779;
  5. Cassation for 2 clarinets, 2 horns and bass in B flat major;

Octets

  1. 3 wind octets (E flat major, E flat major, B flat major), 1774–76 and 1777;

Piano music

  1. VI Easy Divertimenti for the Harpsichord or Pianoforte (F major, A major, D major, B major, G major, C major), 1777;
  2. VI Easy Lessons for the Harpsichord or Pianoforte (C major, B major, A major, G major, F major, D major);
  3. Piano Sonata in C major;

Violin sonatas

  1. VI Sonatas for the Piano-Forte or Harpsichord with an Accompaniment for a Violin (E flat major, D major, C major, B flat major, G major, F major), 1775;
  2. VI Sonatas for the Piano-Forte or Harpsichord with an Accompaniment for a Violin (D major, F major, E flat major, G major, B flat major, E flat major); around 1777;
  3. VI Sonatas for the Piano-Forte or Harpsichord with an Accompaniment for a Violin (D major, G major, C major, B major, F major, C major).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ MGG sv Mysliveček

literature

Web links

Commons : Josef Mysliveček  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Mysliveček, Josef
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Czech composer
DATE OF BIRTH March 9, 1737
PLACE OF BIRTH Upper Šarka near Prague
DATE OF DEATH February 4, 1781
Place of death Rome