N'Guigmi

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Municipality of N'Guigmi
N'Guigmi Municipality (Niger)
Municipality of N'Guigmi
Municipality of N'Guigmi
Coordinates 14 ° 15 '  N , 13 ° 7'  E Coordinates: 14 ° 15 '  N , 13 ° 7'  E
Basic data
Country Niger

region

Diffa
department N'Guigmi
height 286 m
Residents 47,198 (2012)

N'Guigmi [ nɡiɡˈmi ] (also: Nguigmi ) is a municipality and the capital of the N'Guigmi department in Niger .

geography

Climate diagram of N'Guigmi

N'Guigmi is located in the Sahel on the former shore of Lake Chad . The urban area is divided into six districts, 51 administrative villages, seven traditional villages, 24 camps and 21 water points. The six neighborhoods are Administratif, Cameroun, Djoulari, Garin Dolé, Kanembouri and Saban Carré. N'Guigmi borders the neighboring state of Chad in the east . The neighboring communities in Niger are N'Gourti in the north, Bosso in the south and Kabléwa in the west. From the city center of N'Guigmi to the town of Maïné-Soroa in the southwest, the Kadzell plain extends in the Manga landscape . A few kilometers west of the city center is the desert valley .

history

The name of the city comes from the Kanuri word n'jié kimé , which means a large red clay jug.

A group of Kanembu expelled from the empire Kanem founded the place N'Guigmi-Din ("Old-N'Guigmi") around three kilometers northwest of today's N'Guigmi under their leader Lottoy Abouloumi . Here they planted a palm grove with plants imported from Yemen . Around 1730 the population moved from N'Guigmi-Din to N'Guigmi. Until the beginning of the 19th century, the area suffered from regular raids by the Tuareg and Tubu .

The British Africa explorers Dixon Denham and Hugh Clapperton reached N'Guigmi in 1822. The German Africa explorer Gerhard Rohlfs stopped here in 1866 and described N'Guigmi as an open, pointed tube huts with around 1500 inhabitants. On June 28, 1870, the German Africa explorer Gustav Nachtigal entered the place.

At the beginning of the 20th century, N'Guigmi came under British influence. The French research and military expedition Mission Foureau-Lamy passed through the town on February 5, 1900 on the way to Kousséri . French troops occupied N'Guigmi on April 13, 1903 and established a military post in 1904, which they had to give up in 1905. Only on November 10, 1906 did France gain permanent control over the place. In 1911, in the course of an administrative reform in which the French military territory of Niger was divided into six districts, both N'Guigmi and Bilma became the capital of districts named after them. As early as 1912, the N'Guigmi district was replaced by a district with the main town in Maïné-Soroa , and N'Guigmi was only one of two sectors in the Maïné-Soroa district.

The Roman Catholic parish N'Guigmi- Diffa , part of the Maradi diocese , was founded in 1971. In the 1980s, Arabs from Chad moved their herds of cattle to the area around N'Guigmi, which led to conflicts over the use of the pastures and wells. In 1990 and 1992, the Dakar Rally led through N'Guigmi. In the 1990s there were armed uprisings by the Tubu, who felt neglected by the government in Niamey , especially in view of the poor supply situation . The Tubu organized themselves in the paramilitary organization Front démocratique pour le renouveau . In addition, there were internal conflicts between various Tubu clans and between Tubu and Fulbe , who were forbidden by the Tubu from the respectable possession of camels.

After Mayahi, N'Guigmi was the second city in Niger where the United Nations Capital Development Fund carried out a project to create a decentralized local administration from the end of 2000. The project included informal “shadow governments” and the monitoring of informal elections in order to prepare for the establishment of functioning official municipal bodies.

During the conflict with Nigeria coming Jihadist terrorist group Boko Haram , the authorities of Niger in 2015 arranged the beginning of May to the evacuation of the Lake Chad Islands. About 25,700 people moved from the islands to the mainland in N'Guigmi and the neighboring community of Bosso.

population

At the 1977 census, N'Guigmi had 8,267 people, at the 1988 census 9,537 people, and at the 2001 census, 15,807 people. At the 2012 census, the population was 47,198.

Culture

N'Guigmi is the setting of the 1903 adventure novel A travers le Sahara. Aventures merveilleuses de Marius Mercurin by G. Demage and the love novel L'Atlantide du Nord by Stéphane Desombre, published in 1974 . The colonial era in the city at the end of the 1920s forms the background of the autobiographical novel Les Talakas by René Persyn from 1978 and the memoirs of Tubu researcher Jean Chapelle , which appeared posthumously in 1987 under the title Souvenirs du Sahel .

Economy and Infrastructure

Camel riders in N'Guigmi

The north of the parish is in an area where agropastoralism is predominant, while in the south the zone of rain-fed agriculture begins.

N'Guigmi is an important trading center, especially for the Trans-Saharan trade , which has been adversely affected by the poor security situation since the Tubu uprisings in the 1990s. The National Road 1 from N'Guigmi to Diffa and the border region between Niger and Chad are frequent scenes of robbery by highwaymen. In the city there is a large camel market every Sunday, which is mainly visited by Tuareg, Tubu and Arabs. There are markets in the rural municipality in the villages of Bilabrin and Doro Léléwa.

N'Guigmi is the seat of a Tribunal d'Instance, one of the 30 civil courts nationwide , which are below the ten civil courts of the first instance (Tribunal de Grande Instance). There is a local radio communautaire in the city . The Center pour la Promotion Féminine , founded in N'Guigmi in 2004, is dedicated to the education and especially the literacy of women.

Personalities

literature

  • Louis Baudin: Des souvenirs qui déroulent: N'Guigmi (1956–1959) . In: ASNOM . No. 132 , June 2016, p. 58-63 .
  • Marina Bertoncin, Andrea Pase: Nelle tasche dello chef de Canton de N'Guigmi . In: Alberto Di Blasi (Ed.): Geografia. Dialogo tra generazioni. Geografia Atti del XXIX Congresso Geografico Italiano . Pàtron, Bologna 2005, ISBN 88-555-2822-X , p. 33-37 .

Web links

Commons : N'Guigmi  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Répertoire National des Communes (RENACOM) . Institut National de la Statistique website, accessed January 22, 2011.
  2. Marc Leblanc: Modélisation hydrogéologique de la nappe quaternaire du Manga (Niger Sud-Oriental) . DESS Hydrogéologie et environnement. Université d'Avignon et des pays du Vaucluse / ORSTOM, Avignon / Montpellier 1997, p. 9 ( horizon.documentation.ird.fr [PDF; accessed on February 16, 2019]).
  3. David Sebag, Alain Durand, Zibo Garba, J. Lang, Eric P. Verrecchia: Dynamique sédimentaire et diagenétique d'un lac interdunaire holocène en milieu subaride (N'Guigmi, Lac Tchad, Niger) . In: Africa Geoscience Review . Vol. 13, No. 4 , 2006, p. 411 ( researchgate.net [accessed April 2, 2019]).
  4. Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 112.
  5. ^ Jean-Paul Labourdette, Dominique Auzias: Niger 2009 . Nouvelle édition de l'Université, Paris 2009, ISBN 2-7469-1640-1 , pp. 157 .
  6. ^ A b Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, pp. 63-64.
  7. ^ Gerhard Rohlfs: Across Africa . K. Thienemanns Verlag, Stuttgart / Vienna 1984, ISBN 3-522-60580-2 , chap. 15 ( full text online in Projekt Gutenberg [accessed on May 14, 2017] first edition: 1874).
  8. ^ A b Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 223.
  9. Fernand Foureau : Documents scientifiques de la mission saharienne. Mission Foureau-Lamy d'Alger au Congo par le Tchad . Atlas (cartographer: Verlet-Hanus). Masson, Paris 1905 ( jubilotheque.upmc.fr [accessed May 6, 2018]).
  10. Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 236.
  11. ^ N'Guigmi-Diffa. Eglise Catholique au Niger, accessed July 1, 2015 (French).
  12. a b c Jolijn Geels: Niger . Bradt, Chalfont St Peter 2006, ISBN 1-84162-152-8 , p. 232 and 234 .
  13. Dakar Retrospective 1979–2007. (PDF) Amaury Sport Organization, archived from the original on July 8, 2011 ; accessed on February 14, 2018 (English).
  14. ^ Angelo Maliki Bonfiglioli, Empowering the Poor: Local Governance for Poverty Reduction . United Nations Capital Development Fund, 2003, p. 85.
  15. Niger: Timeline regarding the Humanitarian Situation in Diffa (as of 15 August 2015). (PDF) OCHA , August 5, 2015, accessed on May 21, 2018 (English).
  16. World Gazetteer: Page no longer available , search in web archives: Niger: The most important places with statistics on their population , accessed on December 30, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bevoelkerungsstatistik.de
  17. Presentation of the résultats globaux définitifs du Quatrième (4ème) Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGP / H) de 2012. (PDF file) Institut National de la Statistique, 2014, accessed on April 21, 2014 (French ).
  18. ^ Daniel Mignot, Jean-Dominique Pénel: Le Niger dans la littérature française . In: Marie-Clotilde Jacquey (ed.): Littérature nigérienne (=  Notre librairie . No. 107 ). CLEF, Paris 1991, p. 25-26, 29 .
  19. ^ Catherine Baroin: Jean Chapelle, Souvenirs du Sahel . Book review. In: Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée . No. 43 , 1987, pp. 154 ( persee.fr [accessed August 20, 2019]).
  20. ^ Comprendre l'économie des ménages ruraux au Niger . Save the Children UK, London 2009 ( online version ( memento of the original from September 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ; PDF; 2.6 MB), p. 8. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.savethechildren.org.uk
  21. a b Jolijn Geels: Niger . Bradt, Chalfont St Peter 2006, ISBN 1-84162-152-8 , p. 236 .
  22. Niger. Evaluation of the faisabilité du transfer monétaire multisectoriel in the region of Diffa. (PDF) REACH Initiative, August 2019, p. 46 , accessed on August 14, 2020 (French).
  23. Bachir Talfi: Note sur l'organization judiciaire . Nigerien Ministry of Justice website, accessed September 24, 2012.
  24. La situation de la communication pour le développement au Niger (Etat des lieux). Tome 1. (PDF file; 461 kB) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2003, p. 124 , accessed on November 1, 2019 (French).