Nikolaikirche (Gützkow)
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The St. Nikolai Church is a church building in the town of Gützkow in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district . It is the parish church of the Gützkow and Behrenhoff parish in the Demmin provost in the Pomeranian Evangelical Church District of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany . Until 2012 she belonged to the Greifswald parish of the Pomeranian Evangelical Church .
history
On his second missionary trip to Pomerania in 1128 - Ernst von Haselberg states the year 1127 in his documentation - Bishop Otto von Bamberg consecrated a church in Gützkow, which was built there using pile construction instead of a temple. The successor building, a stone church , was first mentioned in a document in 1241. However, a pastor was already mentioned in 1219, which underlines the theory of a previous building. This also coincides with the founding of the city, which took place around the same time, but possibly only a few years later, than in neighboring Greifswald . In the 15th century, a vault was drawn into the nave of the church instead of the previous wooden beam ceiling. A floor plan from 1837 has been handed down that shows the medieval state.
After the building burned down to the outer walls, the gables and the vaults during the city fire in 1729, the church was rebuilt in 1730. The bells crashed and shattered in the fire. The traces of fire can still be seen on the western gable wall next to the tower on the south side. In 1841 the tower - which previously consisted of a simple half-timbered tower - was rebuilt, as shown in the photo from 1871. The work goes back to an initiative of the general superintendent Bishop Ritschl , who was also a pleban in Gützkow. In place of the previously existing ladder, he had a staircase built in: He assumed that the gallery that was now created would invite visitors to climb the tower. The windows on the nave must also have been enlarged at this time. It is unclear whether the west portal on the tower was given its shape at the time of construction or whether it was enlarged at a later date. Years later, experts noticed that the platform at the top of the tower had become leaky and that there was significant structural damage. Various architects submit drafts, including auditors. The drafts are rejected several times because the superintendent also has a say as a pleban .
The shape still visible in the 21st century was largely given to the church during the last radical changes under the Berlin architect Theodor Prüfer in 1882 and 1883. The two side galleries are dismantled; the stair tower leading to it (visible in the photo in 1871) was demolished to align the north with the south side. Additional external pillars were added, the wedding gate was built up and the priest's gate was walled up. The entire interior was completely renewed, including the pulpit , altar , church stalls and the uniform neo-Gothic colored glass windows with their richly articulated reveal. The main structural change, however, was the reinforced and high tower with the slate roofing of that time. However, the changes also meant that the old south portal was now partially covered by a buttress of the new window walls and was therefore quickly bricked up. Prüfer had the eastern pillar in front of the triumphal arch torn down in order to open up a view of the choir room. In order to continue to guarantee the statics, a star vault had to be drawn in in place of the existing cross vault in the eastern yoke . The church also received heating. In 1935 the interior of the church was renovated and the old painting was rigorously whitewashed. The interior was also renovated in 1978, during which the old paintings were found, but also repainted with the approval of the municipality and the preservation authorities. In 1987 the tower roofing had to be renewed because the nails had worn through the slate or rusted through. Again and again it happened that the slate slabs fell off in a storm. So, with the help of the Gützkower companies, the roofing using copper sheets began. The 2.5 m high cross was newly gilded, the ball was renewed.
In the 1990s, the building was extensively renovated, including the roof of the ship, the cornices and the walls. The covering in the nave and in the roof was made in 1991 for 90,000 DM. In the same year, a wood protection examination of the roof structure took place. The community made the sad discovery that the beam heads on the roof of the ship and on the tower had rotted under a sheathing. They also had to be repaired at great expense. For a further DM 4,189, the northern of the two southern choir windows and the windows in the nave could be removed, secured and repaired. In 1994 the restored choir windows returned to their old place. An architectural office from Stralsund prepared a plan for the further renovation work. The three eastern choir windows were expanded and an automatic tower clock and bell system for 22,357 DM were installed. A year later, the planning for the renovation was continued with the preparation of a static report, a building site report and a wood protection report. After the planning was completed, the nave was renovated in the first phase of construction in 1996. In particular, it included the renovation of the roof structure in the nave and the emergency security of the tower roof. A year later, the east choir windows were put in their intended place after a professional restoration. At the same time the second construction phase began, which provided for the renovation of the choir room for 315,000 DM. The community installed heating for a further 220,000 euros. In 1998 she renovated the pulpit and, in a third construction phase, the church tower. The costs for this amounted to around 530,000 DM. In 1999 the staircase was completed; likewise the bell.
During the renovation of the church and market square in 2000, the eaves area was drained at the same time, but the foundation walls were sealed beforehand and then an eaves plaster was installed. The archaeologists discovered not only artifacts from the Stone Age , but also a stone mill from this time built into the church wall and a Bronze Age bowl stone . After 2000 the restoration or the original renewal of the painting from before 1935 began. This is of course only possible in stages, depending on the financial situation.
building
The church is a carefully layered field stone structure with brick architectural elements and a west tower . The brick gables have panels .
The almost square and one yoke long choir represents the oldest part of the building. It has moved in and on its north side there is a domed sacristy with a semicircular arched door. The priest's gate and the south portal, both with a black glazed reveal, are walled up. In particular, the ogival south portal served as an entrance before the tower was built. Inside the choir has a dome-like ribbed vault . All parts of the wall and vault are intensely painted like stencils. The paintings that had been whitewashed in 1934/1935 were exposed again in the course of the renovation in the 1990s. The east wall is provided with a group of three windows with a sloping reveal, which is spanned by a gable with plastering panels and a round arch frieze. On the south side there are two windows that take up the shape of the windows on the east wall. There is a window on the north side of the choir.
The north portal of the three-bay nave dates back to 1881. A pressed, pointed, wide triumphal arch connects the nave with the choir. On the northern part is a quote from Paul's first letter to Timothy (( 1 Tim 2,4 EU )) painted: “God wants all people to be helped and to come to the knowledge of the truth. 1 Tim. 2.4 ". The ribbed vault comes from the renovation in the 15th century and rests on central pillars inside the church. It was intercepted in the west by a wall that still existed at the time. In the east, a square pillar in front of the triumphal arch served as a counter bearing. This created a visual separation between the choir and nave, which was probably reinforced by a rood screen . The nave walls are based on a simple beveled granite base, which extends around the nave and is only interrupted at the portals. This base is missing from the choir; on the western side it is largely covered by the church tower that was added later. The windows were originally much smaller, higher up and in two parts. Blinds and windows alternated, as a building report and a photograph from 1878 of the north side of the building show. A slightly pointed arch frieze runs below the eaves and extends into the gable walls. It is also largely covered by the tower on the west wall. The eaves cornice and the arched frieze on the north and south walls come from repair work after the fire in 1729 and from the renovation in the 1880s. The west gable was originally divided with two-part pointed arches. This can be seen inside the tower on a non-walled field.
The upper floors of the tower, which had already been rebuilt several times, were given a neo-Gothic renovation under the direction of Theodor Prüfer. The tower has a four-sided gable crown with an eight-sided copper-clad pointed helmet.
Von Haselberg states in his documentation the total length of the church as 42.97 meters with a width of 19.45 meters. The choir is 12.82 meters high; the spans of the choir vault are 9.50 meters and 10.87 meters. The sacristy is 5.53 meters long and 6.15 meters high. Their clear height is four meters.
Furnishing
The church has a neo-Gothic interior. The wooden altarpiece with the crucifixion group , the pulpit with sound cover , baptism, stalls and organ prospect date from the years 1881 to 1883. In the north aisle there is a portrait of Magister Daniel Friedrich Schröder, who was deputy evangelist in Gützkow from 1749 to 1766. There is also a two-row hanging lamp with eight arms made of brass from 1745 and another lamp with seven arms from 1752.
In the choir there are windows with stained glass that were restored between 1993 and 1997. The north window shows Martin Luther , the east window shows Otto von Bamberg, the blessing Christ and Nikolaus von Myra as the namesake of the church. The two south windows show the apostles Simon Petrus and Paulus von Tarsus .
The ringing consists of four bells . The oldest was cast by Gottlieb Metzger in Stralsund in 1798 . For the other four bells given in the two world wars for the production of war material, three new bells were consecrated by the Heilbronn bell foundry Bachert in 2000 .
organ
The Buchholz organ dates from 1831. It was relocated, expanded and redesigned in 1883 by the Wilhelm Sauer company in the niche of the tower. 1915 was carried out by the Szczecin company Green Mountain , a reconstruction of the tracker action . The Rochlitz company Schmeisser carried out a sound redesign in 1965. The organ was restored to its state of 1915 during a complete restoration between 1998 and 2000 by the Sauer company from Müllrose.
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Pairing :
- Normal coupling: II / I, I / P, II / P
- Sub-octave coupling: I / I, II / II
- Super octave coupling: I / I, II / II
- Playing aids : piano, mezzoforte, forte, tutti, piano pedal, hand register switch, roll sill switch, crescendo roller
Historical views
View around 1611/15.
Detail from the Stralsund illuminated manuscript
Nikolai Church after reconstruction in 1730
Appearance in 1842.
Detail of a painting by Georg Friedrich Bolte (1814–1877)
Photograph from 1871
Nikolaikirche from the north 1900
Nikolaikirche from the north 2011
Sculpture rise and fall
Since 2013 there has been a sculpture by the Rostock sculptor Wolfgang Friedrich in front of the north nave . It bears the title Steigen und Stürzen and consists of two symmetrically arranged stone slabs on which bronze figures have been applied. They seem to be floating upwards. Each figure on the plate is modeled on a head. They were attached to the work like doorknobs. The stone slabs symbolize "new beginnings in society, in which rise and fall are closely linked". However, there is also another interpretation, according to which the division into two should be reminiscent of the Last Judgment. In the left part of the sculpture, "the blessed go to heaven", while "the right the damned fall down into hell".
literature
- Jana Olschewski: From the Greifswalder Bodden to the Peene. Open Churches II. Thomas Helms, Schwerin 2005, ISBN 3-935749-50-3 . Pp. 31-32
- Georg Dehio (arr. Gerhard Vinken et al.): Handbook of German Art Monuments - Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-422-03123-4 .
- Ernst von Haselberg : Monuments of the Stralsund administrative region , Volume 2, Greifswald district
- Eckhard Oberdörfer: Ostvorpommern , Edition Temmen, Bremen, 2006, ISBN 3-86108-917-3
- Norbert Buske : On the history of the Gützkower church tower . In: Baltic Studies 73 (1987), pp. 99–112 ( digitized version )
- Norbert Buske: Churches and chapels in and around Gützkow , Schwein, 2001, ISBN 3-931185-95-8
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information board : Church construction 1991–1999, south wall in the nave, inspection in August 2015.
- ↑ Evangelical Church Community St. Nicolai Gützkow: Steigen und Fall , Flyer, without date.
- Organ disposition from http://www.kirche-guetzkow.de/html/orgel.html
Web links
- Literature about Nikolaikirche (Gützkow) in the state bibliography MV
- St. Nicolai Gützkow Church
- Organ of St. Nicolai
Coordinates: 53 ° 56 ′ 15.3 " N , 13 ° 24 ′ 36.1" E