Nomenclature (inorganic chemistry)

The nomenclature of chemical compounds makes it possible to describe the composition or structure of a chemical compound reliably and unambiguously with a name . Conversely, however, the nomenclature is not one-to-one , as there are usually several, sometimes historical, names for the same compound. The names of inorganic chemical compounds should follow the IUPAC recommendations for inorganic substances, which partly differ from the IUPAC recommendations for organic substances. Unless otherwise mentioned, the following article refers to the current German-language IUPAC nomenclature.

Common names

Historically, naming chemical compounds was often more or less arbitrary, as the exact composition was mostly unknown. Therefore, explorers often named a substance with unsystematic trivial names e.g. B. due to the manufacturing process, based on the (Latin) name of a raw material, its use or a property. Substances were also often given the name of the discoverer.

Vitriol oil , made from vitriol
Kakodyl , unpleasant smelling
Brilliant green because of the color
Tannic acid , due to its use in tanning
Glauber's salt , discovered by Johann Rudolph Glauber
Zeise salt , first made by William Christopher Zeise

Due to the lack of a system, all names had to be learned individually. Another disadvantage was that if another chemist did not know the name, the common name would not allow them to infer the composition or structure of a compound. In addition, the same connection could have several common names. The use of trivial names is therefore generally not recommended by the IUPAC and should be limited to a few exceptions ( water , ammonia, etc.).

Nomenclature systems

In addition to the historical trivial names, there are systematic names based on various nomenclature systems and, based on this, semi-systematic names and special names . These nomenclature systems each have their own rules and various advantages and disadvantages. Established nomenclature systems in inorganic chemistry are

Binary nomenclature ( de Morveau , 1787)
Coordination nomenclature ( Alfred Werner , 1893)
Substitution nomenclature ( Jean-Baptiste Dumas , 1838)
Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature ( Arthur Hantzsch , Oskar Widman and Austin M. Patterson , 1888)
Addition nomenclature
Subtraction nomenclature
Exchange nomenclature
Annulation nomenclature
Conjunction Nomenclature ( Chemical Abstracts )
Special nomenclatures (e.g. for oxo acids, boron compounds or clusters)

All nomenclature systems are based on morphemes . I.e. The systematic names or name components are composed of element names and various building blocks, such as prefixes ( prefixes ), insertions ( infixes ) and suffixes ( suffixes ). These are completed with digits and punctuation marks to form the full name. Prefixes are added to describe the number of atoms or groups of atoms (... di chloride ..., ... tetra oxide ...) or their spatial arrangement ( cis , trans , cyclo , η ). Suffixes can e.g. B. Information about the cargo (... chlor id ..., ... sulf id ..., brom ido ...) or a parent compound (Sil an , Plumb an , ... sil yl ..) and are usually appended to the name stem.

In the IUPAC recommendations for inorganic compounds, the binary, coordination and substitution nomenclature are used in particular. In the following table the names resulting from the three systems are compared using SiCl ₄ and IF ₅ as an example :

substance	Structural formula	Nomenclature system
substance	Structural formula	Binary	coordination	substitution
SiCl ₄		Silicon tetrachloride	Tetrachlorido silicon	Tetrachlorosilane
IF ₅		Iodine pentafluoride	Pentafluoridoiod	Pentafluoroiodane

All three systems can be used alternatively, although not all are equally well suited for one substance. However, the name must always be created entirely from one system, mixing is not permitted. Accordingly, names such as silicon tetrachlor or tetrachloridorsilane are incorrect and inadmissible. As a rule, the final vowels of the morphemes should always be used in the name. Omitting vowels is only allowed in a few exceptions, according to predetermined rules, in order to simplify pronunciation. Examples Oxazole (not Ox a az a ol), Disilane (not Disil a an), but Tetr a aqua and Tetr a ammin.

Binary nomenclature

In the binary nomenclature ( English compositional nomenclature ) the individual elements and groups are placed one behind the other according to simple rules. It is essentially a stoichiometric nomenclature, which usually does not allow any conclusions to be drawn about the molecular structure or geometry. Accordingly, binary nomenclature is preferred for salt-like (binary) compounds or when the structure of a compound is unknown or of no interest. The order in which the elements and groups are named is from electropositive to electronegative. In addition, numerical prefixes are placed in front and the load of an element or group is indicated by modifying the base of the name .

Name formation: Number prefix ¹ + cation ¹ + number prefix ² + cation ² + ... + number prefix ⁿ + anion ⁿ + number prefix ^{n + 1} + anion ^{n + 1} Examples: AlCl ₃ aluminum trichloride; KMgCl (SO ₄ ) potassium magnesium chloride sulfate

Cation names

In the case of mononuclear cations, the cation name corresponds to the element name . If there are several oxidation states for a metal atom, the oxidation or charge number present in a compound is indicated by an Arabic and Roman numerals in brackets , examples iron (II) oxide = FeO or iron (III) oxide = Fe ₂ O ₃ . Cations (even only formal ones) always keep the element name. Hydrogen is called hydrogen.

Anion names

The names of the anions are formed by the suffixes - id , - at and - it .

For monatomic anions or polymeric units from the same atoms, the ending - id is added to the stem of the name. Some important ones are:

	Group 14	Group 15	Group 16	Group 17
Names	Carbide (C ⁴⁻ ) silicide (Si ⁴⁻ )	Nitride (N ³⁻ ) phosphide (P ³⁻ ) arsenide (As ³⁻ )	Oxide (O ²⁻ ) peroxide ((O ₂ ) ²⁻ ) sulfide (S ²⁻ ) selenide (Se ²⁻ )	Fluoride (F ^- ) chloride (Cl ^- ) bromide (Br ^- ) iodide (I ^- )
Examples	SiC Siliciumcarb id	Na ₃ N Natriumnitr id	Na ₂ S Natriumsulf id	CaF ₂ calcium difluoro id

Coordination units and polymer units with different atoms receive the ending - at examples Hexacyanidoferr at , sulf at .
The ending - it is still used for some common names, examples Nitr it , Sulf it .

Coordination nomenclature

This developed for complexes principle additive nomenclature ( English additive nomenclature ) is of a molecular structure with a central atom, which - according to its valence is linked to multiple ligands -.

Name formation: Number prefix ¹ + ligand ¹ + number prefix ² + ligand ² + ... + number prefix ⁿ + ligand ⁿ + element name central atom Example: [PtCl ₂ (NH ₃ ) ₂ ] dichloridodiammine platinum

The names of the ligands are formed differently depending on the charge:

The name of anionic ligands is derived from the name of the anion with the ending - o , examples hydride → hydride o , boride → boride o , cyanide → cyanido. Until the revision of the IUPAC nomenclature in 2005 in German spelling, there were a number of permitted exceptions: Fluoro (F ^- ), Chloro (Cl ^- ), Bromo (Br ^- ), Iodo (I ^- ), Oxo (O ^2- ), Peroxo ((O ₂ ) ^2- ), hydroxo (HO ^- ), hydrogen peroxo ((HO ₂ ) ^- ), cyano (CN ^- ), thio (S ^2- ) and mercapto or hydrosulfido (HS ^- ). These exceptions have now been removed due to the revision.
The name of cationic ligands corresponds to the element name or, in the case of heteropolyatomic cations, is formed by adding the ending - ium , for example hydrazine → hydrazine ium .
Neutral ligands are named like the compound, for example triphenylphosphine → triphenylphosphine.

Substitution nomenclature

The substitution Nomenclature ( English substitutive nomenclature is), in analogy to substitution nomenclature in organic substances, particularly suitable for inorganic compounds, which are derived from an element-hydrogen compound ( parent hydride can be derived). It can be used anywhere it is appropriate. The compound names are derived from a parent compound , the bound substituents (atoms or groups of atoms) are added in front of the nomenclature in organic chemistry, in exceptional cases.

Name formation: Number prefix ¹ + substituent ¹ + number prefix ² + substituent ² + ... + number prefix ⁿ + substituent ⁿ + stem name Examples: Cl ₂ SiH-SiH ₂ OH 1,1-dichloro-2-hydroxydisilane or 1,1-dichlorodisilane-2- oil

Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature

The Hantzsch-Widman nomenclature deals with the naming of heterocyclic chemical compounds.

Systematics

Number prefixes

In chemical names, numerical prefixes are used to indicate how many identical atoms or groups of atoms occur in a molecule, for example calcium di chloride, penta carbonyl iron. The prefix mono is usually not used, unless the connection name is otherwise ambiguous or special reference should be made to it.

Name stem

The root of the name usually corresponds to either the element name or its short form.

Arabic and Roman numerals

Arabic and Roman numerals are used in formulas and names for different purposes.

Digit	Where	use	example
Arabic	Formula:	as an index to indicate the number (≠ 1)	Fe ₃ (PO ₄ ) ₂
		as the left exponent for specifying the mass number	${\ displaystyle {} _ {\ 7} ^ {\ boldsymbol {15}} \ mathrm {N}}$
		as a left index to indicate the ordinal number	${\ displaystyle {} _ {\ boldsymbol {\ 7}} ^ {15} \ mathrm {N}}$
	Formula: Names:	to indicate the hapticity	Fe (η ⁵ -C ₅ H ₅ ) ₂
		to indicate the hapticity	Bis (η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) iron
		to indicate the charge number / Ewens-Bassett number (positive: 2+; negative: 2)	Fe ²⁺
			Iron ( 2+ ) sulfate
		as a factor in addition compounds	CuSO ₄ · 5 H ₂ O
		as a factor in addition compounds	Copper sulfate-water ( 1 / 5 )
	Names:	for specifying the position in a trunk connection ( locants )	1 , 1 -dichlorodisilane
		to indicate the bridged central atoms	Tris (µ ₂ -carbonyl) hexacarbonyldiiron
		to indicate the hydrogen atoms in boron compounds	Hexaborane ( 12 ) = B ₆ H ₁₂
		for specifying the bond number of a central atom	λ ⁶ - sulfane
Roman	Formulas: Names:	to indicate the oxidation number / stock number (positive: III; negative: -II)	K ₄ [Fe ^II (CN) ₄ ]
Roman	Formulas: Names:		Potassium hexacyanidoferrate ( II )

Greek letters

Greek letters are used, among other things, as follows:

α , β , γ to indicate relative positions and relative distances, or to differentiate between modifications or phases, example γ-aminobutyric acid , α, β- quartz
β , γ , δ , ε to indicate the ring size of lactones
η to describe the hapticity (hapto-convention), example Be (C ₅ H ₅ ) ₂ bis (η ¹ , η ⁵ -cyclopentadienyl) beryllium (II)
μ as a designation of a bridged ligand, example tris (μ ₂ -carbonyl) hexacarbonyldiisen
κ to denote the bound atoms of a (multidentate) ligand (Kappa convention)
λ to indicate the bond number of a central atom (Lambda convention), example SH ₆ λ ⁶ - sulfane
σ , π , to indicate the type of bond ( sigma or pi bond )

Descriptors

Descriptors are prefixes in systematic substance names that describe the configuration or stereochemistry of the molecule, examples cis , trans and cyclo , but also the above-described Greek letters η, μ, κ and λ. Various descriptors do not correspond to the current IUPAC recommendations and should therefore no longer be used.

Brackets

In order to obtain clear formulas and names, parts of the name and special information are put in brackets. Three types of brackets are used: round (), square [], and curly {}. Square brackets are used differently in inorganic chemistry and organic chemistry.

Clamp type	Where	use	example
[]	Formula:	Coordination units are always in square brackets	[ Fe (C ₅ H ₅ ) ₂] , [ Pt (NH ₃ ) ₂ Cl ₂]
[]	Formula:	isotopically labeled compounds	H ₂[ ¹⁵ N ] -NH ₂ [ ¹⁵ N ] hydrazine
()	Formula:	Summary of the same groups / units	Fe ₃( PO ₄) ₂
	Formula:	Delimitation and to avoid ambiguity	Si ( C ₆ H ₅) (CH ₃ ) ₃ , Tl ( I ₃)
	Names:	Summary of the same groups / units	Dichloridobis ( dimethylamine ) copper (II)
		Avoidance of ambiguity	( Thiosulfato ) or ( Thio ) ( sulfato )
		Indication of oxidation or charge number	Dichloridobis (dimethylamine) copper ( II )
{}	Formula: Names:	exclusively in nested brackets

If brackets are nested in formulas or names, the different types of brackets are used alternately:

In formulas , round, square and curly brackets are set as follows: (), [()], [{()}], [{[()]}], [{{[()]}}].
In the name , parentheses are used from the inside out as follows: {{{[()]}}}.

Spaces, hyphens, long bars, and slashes

In almost all places where spaces are used between the words of a name in English , there are hyphens in German. Exceptions are:

To separate the Arabic numerals from the italic symbols of the central atoms between round brackets at the end of the name of a polynuclear compound. Example: cyclo-Tris (tetracarbonylosmium) (3 Os-Os)
To separate the indication of the proportions in addition compounds from the rest of the name. Example: Cadmium sulfate water (3/8)
To separate the name of the structure type from the name of double oxides or hydroxides. Example: magnesium titanium trioxide (ilmenite type)

Hyphens are used in FORMULAS and in NAMES:

To separate locants from words or morphemes of the name. Example: but-2-en
To separate a stereo descriptor from a name. Example: (E) -But-2-en
To distinguish the electropositive part of the name from the electronegative in the names of binary compounds. If the name contains an oxidation or charge number (enclosed in brackets), the use of a hyphen after the bracket is strongly recommended. Example: iron (III) chloride
To separate symbols like µ from the rest of the formula or name.
To structure descriptors such as cyclo, catena, triangulo, quadro, tetrahedro, octahedro, closo, nido, arachno, cis and trans as well as z. B. to separate Λ and α from the rest of the formula or the name. Locants are separated in the same way in the names of aggregates or clusters.
To separate the symbol of the labeling nuclide from its locant in the formula of a selectively labeled compound.
To separate locants belonging to different parts of the name. However, parentheses should be preferred.
To separate the name of a bridging ligand from the rest of the name.

There cannot be a space at any end of the hyphen.

Long dashes are used in names instead of hyphens to:

Specify metal-to-metal bonds. Example: [Mn ₂ (CO) ₁₀ ] bis (pentacarbonyl manganese) (Mn – Mn)
For separating the components of addition compounds. Example: 3CdSO ₄ · 8H ₂ O Example: Cadmium sulfate – water (3/8)

The slash "/" is used in names of addition compounds to separate the numbers that indicate the number of individual molecules in the compound. Example: boron trifluoride-water (1/2)

Acids, oxo acids and oxo anions

The names of the binary acids whose anions end in - id are formed according to binary nomenclature as hydrogen compounds, for example hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride or hydrogen sulfide. The traditional names of these compounds, which end in acid , such as hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, should only be used for the aqueous systems and not for the hydrogen halide compound itself.

Traditional names (not IUPAC compliant)

The names of oxo acids, which are still used in chemistry today, are formed according to a nomenclature introduced by Lavoisier around 1789. Thereafter, the oxo acids were given a two-part name ending in -acid , whereby the element and the oxygen content should be recognizable in the first part of the name, e.g. sulfuric acid . The anions are from the root name by appending the suffix - at formed as sulf at . However, we now know that the oxidation states are not the same for the same endings . The oxidation state of sulfur in sulfuric acid is VI, while that of phosphorus in phosphoric acid is V.

After more elemental oxygen acids became known, the prefixes Hypo- and Per- were added as required . The prefixes Ortho- , Pyro- and Meta- were finally introduced to distinguish between the same acids with different water content . Perelement acids have an additional oxygen atom, which increases the oxidation level of the element compared to the element acid . The names of the anions are formed from the prefix Per , the name stem and the ending - at , e.g. Per chlor at . Today the use of the prefix Per should be restricted to elemental oxygen acids of groups 7 and 17. Elementige acids or Elementigsäuren have an oxygen atom less than the element acids. The anion names are formed from the stem of the name by adding the ending - it , for example chlor it . Hypo-elemental acids have two fewer oxygen atoms and, accordingly, a lower oxidation level. The names of the anions are formed from the prefix Hypo , the stem of the name by adding the ending - it , example Hypo chlor it . The prefix hypo- should now only be used for elemental oxygen acids of group 7. Accordingly, S (OH) ₂ is called sulphoxylic acid and not hyposulphurous acid.

Surname	group
Surname	13	14th	15th	16	17th
Per element acid (anion with -at )					HXO ₄
Element acid (anion with ending -at )	H ₃ XO ₃	H ₂ XO ₃	H ₃ XO ₄	H ₂ XO ₄	HXO ₃
Element strength acid or element ig acid (anion having -it )			H ₃ XO ₃	H ₂ XO ₃	HXO ₂
Hypo element owned acid or hypo element ig acid (anion having -it )					HXO

Acid nomenclature according to IUPAC

The names of acids according to the IUPAC-compliant nomenclature are made up of two parts. The first part describes the composition of the complex anion, followed by the ending - acid

Name formation: Number prefix ¹ + ligand ¹ + number prefix ² + ligand ² + ... + number prefix + element name of the central atom (+ oxidation or charge number in brackets) + "acid" Examples: H ₂ SO ₄ tetraoxosulphuric acid ; H ₂ S ₂ O ₆ hexaoxodisulfuric acid; HMnO ₄ tetraoxomanganese (VII) acid or tetraoxomanganese (-1) acid

This nomenclature is strictly limited to the acids of the elements boron, carbon, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, sulfur, chlorine, iodine, chromium and manganese. It is not absolutely necessary to specify the oxidation or charge number. Anions are treated as coordination units and have the ending - at , example tetraoxomanganate (VII) [MnO ₄ ] ^- .

Hydrogen nomenclature

The nomenclature not used in German, even though recommended by the IUPAC, is the hydrogen nomenclature. This nomenclature is limited to the main group element. The hydrogen atoms are treated as cations of a salt-like compound, the anion is named according to the coordination nomenclature.

Name formation: (Number prefix +) "hydrogen" + number prefix ¹ + ligand ¹ + number prefix ² + ligand ² + ... + name stem central atom + "at" (+ oxidation or charge number in brackets) Examples: H ₂ SO ₄ dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate or hydrogen tetraoxosulfate (VI ) or hydrogen tetraoxosulfate (2-) H ₅ IO ₆ pentahydrogenhexaoxoiodate (5-)

The number prefix and the oxidation or charge number can be used alternatively and can be omitted in the case of redundancy.

Juxtaposition

The following table contains the traditional names and their corresponding anions, the IUPAC acid names and the names according to the hydrogen nomenclature of some oxo acids.

formula	traditional name	Anion	IUPAC acid nomenclature	Hydrogen nomenclature
H ₃ BO ₃	Boric acid	Borate	Trioxoboric acid	Trihydrogen trioxoborate
(HBO ₂ ) _n	Metaboric acid	Metaborate	Polydioxoboric acid	Poly [monohydrogen dioxoborate]
H ₂ CO ₃	carbonic acid	Carbonate	Trioxocarbonic acid	Dihydrogen trioxocarbate
H ₄ SiO ₄	Orthosilicic acid	Orthosilicate	Tetraoxosilicic acid	Tetrahydrogen tetraoxosilicate
HOCN	Cyanic acid	Cyanate	Nitridooxocarbonic acid	Monohydrogen nitrido oxocarbate
ENT ₃	nitric acid	nitrate	Trioxo nitric acid	Monohydrogentrioxonitrate
ENT ₂	Nitrous acid	nitrite	Dioxo nitric acid	Monohydrogen dioxonitrate
H ₃ PO ₄	phosphoric acid	phosphate	Tetraoxophosphoric acid	Trihydrogen tetraoxophosphate
H ₃ PO ₃	Phosphorous acid	Phosphite	Trioxophosphorus (3 -) acid	Trihydrogen trioxophosphate
H ₂ SO ₄	sulfuric acid	sulfate	Tetraoxosulfuric acid	Dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate
H ₂ SO ₃	sulphurous acid	Hydrogen sulfite (HSO ₃^- ) and sulfite (SO ₃²⁻ )	Trioxosulfuric acid	Dihydrogen trioxosulfate
HClO ₄	Perchloric acid	Perchlorate	Tetraoxochloric acid	Monohydrogen tetraoxochlorate
HClO ₃	Chloric acid	Chlorate	Trioxochloric acid	Monohydrogentrioxochlorate
HClO ₂	Chlorous acid	Chlorite	Dioxochloric acid	Monohydrogen dioxochlorate
HClO	Hypochlorous acid	Hypochlorite	Monooxochloric acid	Monohydrogen monooxochlorate
HIO ₄	Periodic acid	Periodate	Tetraoxoiodic acid	Monohydrogen tetraoxoiodate
HIO ₃	Iodic acid	Iodate	Trioxoiodic acid	Monohydrogentrioxoiodate
H ₅ IO ₆	Orthoperiodic acid	Orthoperiodate	Hexaoxoiodo (5-) acid	Pentahydrogen hexaoxoiodate

Neutral molecules

Neutral molecules are named in particular according to substitution or coordination nomenclature. Organometallic compounds have a special position. Boranes (boron hydrides) and cluster compounds of boron have their own special nomenclature.

Substitution nomenclature

The names of the element-hydrogen compounds and their derivatives are formed from the stem names according to the substitution nomenclature .

Tribe names

The stem names of the saturated mononuclear element hydrogen compounds of groups 13 to 17 are formed from the name stem by adding the ending -an ( hydride names ). In the German nomenclature it is recommended to use these names only for the elements B, C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, N, P, As, Sb, Bi, 0, S, Se, Te and Po.

Group 13		Group 14		Group 15		Group 16		Group 17
Bra ₃	Borane	CH ₄	methane	NH ₃	Azan	H ₂ O	Oxidane	HF	Fluoran
AlH ₃	Aluman	SiH ₄	Silane	PH ₃	Phosphane	H ₂ S	Sulfane	HCl	Chlorane
GaH ₃	Gallan	GeH ₄	German	AsH ₃	Arsan	H ₂ Se	Selan	HBr	Broman
InH ₃	Indigan	SnH ₄	Stannan	SbH ₃	Stiban	H ₂ Te	Tellan	HI	Iodane
TlH ₃	Thallan	PbH ₄	Plumban	BiH ₃	Bismuth	H ₂ Po	Polan	Has	Astatan

Notes A:

↑ The unsubstituted compounds can also be named hydrogen fluoride , hydrogen chloride , etc., but not as a common name.
↑ The analogous name Carban is not recommended due to the universal use of methane.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g The names Aluminan, Bisman, Oxan, Thiane, Selenan, Telluran and Polonan cannot be used because they are already used for the hexanuclear heteromonocycles in the Hantzsch-Widman system.
↑ ^a ^b ^c The names phosphine, arsine and stibine should no longer be used, as they can be confused with the corresponding polynuclear unsaturated compounds (see below).
↑ The analogous name Indan is already used elsewhere.

The connecting groups are named accordingly boranes , silanes , arsanes , phosphanes , etc. The names of the polynuclear compounds are formed by placing the above numerical prefixes in front , e.g. B. Monogerman (GeH ₄ ), diphosphane (H ₂ P-PH ₂ ) or tetrasilane (H ₃ Si-SiH ₂ -SiH ₂ -SiH ₃ ). In addition, a whole range of common names are still permitted, examples, ammonia , hydrazine or water.

Bond number

In the event that the number of ties deviates from the standard number of ties (three for group 13, four for group 14, three for group 15, two for group 16), this is indicated by placing the Greek letter λ in front and the corresponding superscript number, examples SnH ₂ λ ² -stannane, SH ₆ λ ⁶ -sulfane. Other stem names, such as B. phosphorane , arsorane or sulfurane for λ ⁵ -phosphine, λ ⁵ -arsan, or λ ⁶ -sulfane are not generally applicable and are therefore not recommended.

The names of the unsaturated compounds can usually be formed by applying the corresponding rules for organic substances (double bond -en, triple bond -in) (example: H ₂ N-N = NH triazene). It must be taken into account but that this does not come to confusion with existing chemical names, as Ars en or Sel s .

Derivatives

The names of the substituted element organic compounds in groups 13 to 16 are derived from the corresponding element hydrogen compounds. As with organic compounds, these are preceded by the name of the substituent. If there are several substituents, they are named in alphabetical order, examples Sn (CH ₃ ) ₄ tetramethylstannane , GeCl ₂ Me ₂ dichlorodimethylgerman , H ₃ C-NH-N = N-CH ₃ 1,3-dimethyltriazene.

Coordination nomenclature

The coordination nomenclature is preferable to traditional names, especially for substances in which the covalent bond component predominates. The historical names, usually based on binary nomenclature, give the wrong impression that they are salty compounds. Thus BBr _{3 is} preferably to be referred to as tribromidoboron (or tribromoborane) instead of boron tribromide or PCl ₃ as trichloridophosphorus (or trichlorophosphine) and not as phosphorus trichloride. In the case of predominantly ionic compounds, however, the coordination nomenclature should not be used. The name for MgBr _{2 is} not dibromidomagnesium, but magnesium dibromide.

The name formation follows the rules on coordination nomenclature given above . The ligands are named in alphabetical order, with numerical prefixes not being taken into account, for example tetraammine dihydroxido copper (II).

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 32–40 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

↑ Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 50–52 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

↑ Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 127–150 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

^ Karl-Heinz Hellwich: More systematics: Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry. Edited by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. RSC Publishing, Cambridge / UK, 2005. XII + 366 pp., Hardcover, 49.95. ISBN 0-85404-438-8 . In: News from chemistry. 54, 2006, pp. 807-808, doi : 10.1002 / nadc.20060540725 .

↑ Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 153–158 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

↑ Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 41–44 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

↑ Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 55–60 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

↑ Wolfgang Liebscher, GDCh: Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry . John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 3-527-62545-3 , pp. 15 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

↑ Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 54 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

↑ ^a ^b ^c Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 63–66 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

↑ ^a ^b ^c Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 210–233 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

^ Neil G. Connelly, Ture Damhus, Richard M. Hartshorn, Alan T. Hutton: Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry - IUPAC Recommendations 2005 . 2005th edition. RSC Publishing, ISBN 0-85404-438-8 , pp. 84-85 . IUPAC Red Book. (PDF; 4.3 MB).

↑ ^a ^b Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The Systematic Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 158–175 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

^ Neil G. Connelly, Ture Damhus, Richard M. Hartshorn, Alan T. Hutton: Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry - IUPAC Recommendations 2005 . 2005th edition. RSC Publishing, ISBN 0-85404-438-8 , pp. 230-85 .

[14] The unsubstituted compounds can also be named hydrogen fluoride , hydrogen chloride , etc., but not as a common name.

[15] The analogous name Carban is not recommended due to the universal use of methane.

[anderer_Name-16] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g The names Aluminan, Bisman, Oxan, Thiane, Selenan, Telluran and Polonan cannot be used because they are already used for the hexanuclear heteromonocycles in the Hantzsch-Widman system.

[anderer_Name2-17] The names phosphine, arsine and stibine should no longer be used, as they can be confused with the corresponding polynuclear unsaturated compounds (see below).

[18] The analogous name Indan is already used elsewhere.

[LiebscherFluck_32-1] Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 32–40 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[LiebscherFluck_50-2] Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 50–52 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[LiebscherFluck_127-3] Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 127–150 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[NachChem2006_807-4] Karl-Heinz Hellwich: More systematics: Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry. Edited by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. RSC Publishing, Cambridge / UK, 2005. XII + 366 pp., Hardcover, 49.95. ISBN 0-85404-438-8 . In: News from chemistry. 54, 2006, pp. 807-808, doi : 10.1002 / nadc.20060540725 .

[LiebscherFluck_153-5] Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 153–158 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[LiebscherFluck_41-6] Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 41–44 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[LiebscherFluck_55-7] Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 55–60 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).

[Wolfgang_Liebscher,_GDCh-8] Wolfgang Liebscher, GDCh: Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry . John Wiley & Sons, 2009, ISBN 3-527-62545-3 , pp. 15 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[LiebscherFluck_54-9] Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 54 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[LiebscherFluck_63-10] Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 63–66 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[LiebscherFluck_210-11] Wolfgang Liebscher, Ekkehard Fluck: The systematic nomenclature of inorganic chemistry . Springer-Verlag, 1998, ISBN 978-3-540-63097-5 , pp. 210–233 ( limited preview in Google Book search).