Notre-Dame-de-la-Croix de Ménilmontant

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Catholic parish church of Notre-Dame-de-la-Croix de Ménilmontant, west facade with bell tower

The Catholic parish church of Notre-Dame-de-la-Croix de Ménilmontant is one of the largest churches in Paris , along with the Notre-Dame Cathedral and the parish church of Saint-Sulpice . It was built in the second half of the 19th century and combines neo-Romanesque with neo-Gothic style elements. The church is located at 3, place de Ménilmontant in the 20th arrondissement of Paris. The nearest metro station is Ménilmontant on line 2 .

history

The present church was built on the site of a wooden, Notre-Dame-de-la-Croix ( Our Lady of the Cross ) consecrated chapel built from 1823 or 1,833th The name is reminiscent of the Order of the Holy Cross , which had a branch in Ménilmontant, which was dissolved during the revolution of 1789. Ménilmontant was initially under the parish of Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Belleville, established in 1802 . In 1847 the modest Notre-Dame-de-la-Croix chapel, which only offered space for 400 people, was elevated to a parish church. After Ménilmontant had been incorporated into Paris in 1860 and merged with part of the former suburbs of Belleville and Charonne to form the 20th arrondissement, construction of a new church began in 1863 according to the plans of the architect Louis-Jean-Antoine Héret (1821-1899). In 1869 the church was partially completed and could be used for worship. The construction work was interrupted in 1871 by the uprising of the Paris Commune . During this time the Communards established a meeting place and storage facility in the church. Here they decided on the shooting of the hostages, which included the Archbishop of Paris , Georges Darboy . The construction work was not fully completed until 1880.

After the Second World War , the popular districts of the east of Paris experienced high levels of immigration from the Maghreb states. In addition to Tunisian Jews , it was mainly Muslims from Algeria who settled in Ménilmontant . To provide the latter with a meeting room, Pastor Pierre Loubier had a mosque installed in the church's crypt in 1969 , which was used until the early 1980s.

Column with capital, cast iron vault rib

architecture

An imposing staircase of 54 steps leads to the main facade of the church, above which a 78 meter high bell tower rises. The facade is divided into two floors. On the lower floor there are three arched portals , which are designed according to the Romanesque model with tympana and archivolts . The middle portal depicts the Descent from the Cross , the flight into Egypt on the right and the presentation of Mary in the temple on the left . The upper floor is pierced by a large rose window, under which there is a sculpture of Mary.

Notre-Dame-de-la-Croix has a length of 97 meters, a width of 38 meters and a height of 20 meters. The nave extends over six bays and flows into a three-bay choir with ambulatory in the west . To the two aisles is arched open arcades on massive, with capitals decorated pillars , where three-quarter columns are presented. The latter carry the Gothic- inspired ribbed vault , the girders and ribs of which are made of cast iron .

Furnishing

In the ambulatory are the paintings of Christ's Descent into Hell by Pierre Claude François Delorme (1783–1859) and Death of Joseph by Jean-Jacques Lagrenée (1606–1688) .

View of the organ

organ

The organ was built in 1874 by Aristide Cavaillé-Coll . The instrument has 25 stops on two manuals and a pedal . The actions are mechanical.

Disposition
I Grand Orgue C-g 3
1. Bourdon 16 ′
2. Principal 8th'
3. Bourdon 8th'
4th Flûte harmonique 8th'
5. Viol 8th'
6th Prestant 4 ′
7th Duplicate 2 ′
8th. Plein-Jeu III-V
9. Bombard 16 ′
10. Trumpets 8th'
11. Clairon 4 ′
II Recit expressif C – g 3
12. Viole de gambe 8th'
13. Voix céleste 8th'
14th Flûte traversière 8th'
15th Flûte octaviante 4 ′
16. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
17th Trumpets 8th'
18th Basson-Hautbois 8th'
19th Voix humaine 8th'
Pedals C – f 1
20th Flute 16 ′
21st Flute 8th'
22nd Violoncello 8th'
23. Bombard 16 ′
24. Trumpets 8th'
25th Clairon 4 ′

literature

  • Georges Brunel, Marie-Laure Deschamps-Bourgeon, Yves Gagneux: Dictionnaire des Églises de Paris . Editions Hervas, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-903-118-77-9 , pp. 161-162.
  • Jean Colson, Marie-Christine Lauroa (ed.): Dictionnaire des Monuments de Paris . Éditions Hervas, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-84334-001-2 , p. 529.
  • Aline Dumoulin, Alexandra Ardisson, Jérôme Maingard, Murielle Antonello: Paris. D'Église en Église . Éditions Massin, Paris 2008, ISBN 978-2-7072-0583-4 , pp. 382-384.

Web links

Commons : Notre-Dame-de-la-Croix de Ménilmontant  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Patrick Simon: Les immigrés en milieu popular . In: Le XXe arrondissement. La montagne à Paris . Collection Paris et son Patrimoine, published by the Action Artistique de la Ville de Paris, Paris 1999, ISBN 2-913246-04-4 , p. 183 u. 186
  2. ↑ More information on the organ (French) ( Memento from February 16, 2006 in the Internet Archive )

Coordinates: 48 ° 52 ′ 6.5 ″  N , 2 ° 23 ′ 12.7 ″  E