Mac OS X Lion

Mac OS X Lion
developer	Apple Inc.
License (s)	EULA ; APSL , BSD , GPL , among others
First publ.	July 20, 2011
Current  version	10.7.5 of October 4, 2012 (7 years and 331 days ago)
Basic system	Darwin
Kernel	XNU ( hybrid kernel )
ancestry	Unix → BSD ↳ NeXTStep / OPENSTEP ↳ Rhapsody ↳ Mac OS X (macOS) Mac OS Classic ↳ Mac OS X 10.0+
Architecture (s)	x86 , x64
timeline	10.6 ← 10.7 → 10.8
compatibility	UNIX 03 ( POSIX etc.), FreeBSD
Languages)	multilingual ( details ), u. a. German
apple.com

Lion ( German  " Löwe " ), completely Mac OS X Lion 10.7 , also communicated as OS X Lion (without "Mac"), is the eighth major version of macOS , Apple's desktop operating system , which was then known as Mac OS X. was introduced. It followed on Mac OS X Snow Leopard and was released on July 20, 2011. It was presented to the public for the first time on October 20, 2010 at a product presentation entitled " Back to the Mac ". The first developer version was available to members of the Apple Developer Program on February 24, 2011.

The most important innovations include the introduction of control elements from the company's own Apple iOS operating system for so-called “post-PC devices” and the integration of the ESD platform Mac App Store . The operating system was primarily sold as a download from the Mac App Store, which requires at least Mac OS X Snow Leopard version 10.6.6 or higher as the operating system. Since August 16, 2011, the system has also been sold at a higher price on a USB storage medium .

The functionality of the previous server variant of the operating system, until Snow Leopard (10.6, 2009) was released as a separate operating system Mac OS X Server , is now a paid upgrade for Mac OS X Lion (10.7) (as "OS X Server 1.0" in Mac App Store) and turns the operating system into a "Lion Server". There is no separate server version 10.7.

The operating system was downloaded more than a million times in the first 24 hours of being released. Six million copies of the software had been sold by early October 2011, and 26 million copies by July 2012. 30% of all Mac OS X installations ran in February 2012 with Mac OS X Lion (10.7), which had the second largest proportion of versions after Mac OS X Snow Leopard (10.6, 2009).

The last version of Mac OS X Lion is 10.7.5 from September 19, 2012. The successor is called OS X Mountain Lion and was released on July 25, 2012.

Changes and innovations (selection)

• Address book - redesigned interface, support of data synchronization with Yahoo accounts, linking of profiles in social networks
• AirDrop - function of distributing and sharing files over Wi-Fi
• Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) - full support for the technology first implemented in Mac OS X 10.5
• AutoSave - supported programs save edited files automatically
• Accessibility - a total of 32 voices for speech output covering 23 languages, including German ; improved VoiceOver functionality; more code tables for braille
• Boot Camp does not support fresh installations of Windows XP and Windows Vista . Existing installations are still supported.
• FileVault 2 - encrypts the entire hard disk (“ Full Disk Encryption ”) instead of just the user directory, supports XTS-AES 128 and external hard disks
• Finder - revised interface, additional viewing and sorting options for folders and files, search suggestions
• iCal - redesigned user interface, revised day view, added year view
• iChat - support for Yahoo Messenger , plugin interface for adding further chat services
• Launchpad - operating concept for selecting and starting programs
• Mac App Store - permanent integration of the software distribution platform, extended range of functions ("in-app purchase", notifications)
• Mail 5 - redesigned interface based on the e-mail program of the iPad , support for Exchange 2010, chronological display of mail conversations, extended search function
• Mail, contacts, calendar settings: Uniform management of e-mail , calendar and address book accounts
• Mission Control - combined overview of the Spaces, Expose and Dashboard programs as well as running full-screen programs
• OpenGL 3.2 - full support of the OpenGL 3.2 API
• Photo Booth - face recognition, new effects
• Profile Manager - profile-based management of iOS devices
• QuickTime - Implementation of selected functions of the former Quicktime Pro program
• Recovery HD - reinstallation without separate rescue medium ( recovery partition )
• Resume - restore programs after restart
• Sandbox functionality for applications that can be configured by their developers. Sandboxing already existed in previous versions of Mac OS X, but Apple had kept sandboxing technology internal by not releasing the interface.
• Safari - WebKit 2 support
• The keyring can now create a certificate authority in graphical mode using Elliptic Curve Cryptography .
• Versions - possibility of accessing different versions of a file, similar to the operating concept of the Time Machine backup program
• A full screen mode is integrated in the system and is supported by most of the programs supplied.

Various operating system components, including the media center interface Front Row , a pre-installed Java runtime environment and the emulation software Rosetta , which enabled programs for PowerPC processors to be executed, are no longer supported. Also iSync is not a part of Mac OS X more, but can be retrofitted in a roundabout way. In the server variant, MySQL was replaced by PostgreSQL . Tomcat and the QuickTime Streaming Server (QTSS) are also no longer supported.

System requirements

• Mac model with Intel Core 2 Duo processor or subsequent processors of the Intel Core i and Intel Xeon series , 2 gigabytes of RAM .

history

Mac OS X version	-Build	Darwin version	Publication date	annotation
Older version; no longer supported: 10.7	11A511	11.0	July 20, 2011	First published version
Older version; no longer supported: 10.7.1	11B26	11.1	August 16, 2011	Bug fixes, security updates, stability improvement of the Wi-Fi connections
Older version; no longer supported: 10.7.2	11C74	11.2	October 12, 2011	Bug fixes, security updates, iCloud support, Safari 5.1.1
Older version; no longer supported: 10.7.3	11D50	11.3	February 1, 2012	Bug fixes, security updates, new language versions, Safari 5.1.3
Older version; no longer supported: 10.7.4	11E53	11.4	May 9, 2012	Bug fixes, security updates, compatibility improvements with UK USB keyboards, Safari 5.1.6
Older version; no longer supported: 10.7.5	11G63	11.4.2	4th October 2012	Bug fixes, security updates, gatekeepers
Legend: Old version Older version; still supported Current version Current preliminary version Future version

Web links

• Product website on Apple.de
• Overview of all new or changed functions on Apple.de
• OS X Lion Specifications , Apple.com, July 20, 2011, accessed August 6, 2011
• Appleinsider: "Inside Mac OS X Lion" series
• John Siracusa: Mac OS X 10.7 Lion: the Ars Technica Review . Ars Technica, July 20, 2011
• RoaringApps: Compatibility list of third-party programs

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Apple launches Mac OS X 10.7 Lion on Mac App Store for $ 29.99. In: AppleInsider.com. July 20, 2011, accessed July 20, 2011 . 
2. ↑ Ole Meiners: Mac OS X 10.7 brings App Store and iOS elements. In: Heise online . October 20, 2010 . Retrieved April 20, 2017.
3. ↑ ^{a b} Apple.com: OS X Lion Technical Specifications , June 6, 2011.
4. ↑ Ben Schwan: USB stick version of Lion is being delivered. In: Heise online . August 16, 2011 . Retrieved April 20, 2017.
5. ↑ Markus Stöbe: Mac OS X 10.7 will be released in July. In: Heise online . June 6, 2011 . Retrieved April 20, 2017.
6. ↑ Apple.com: OS X Lion Server , accessed July 7, 2011.
7. ↑ Ben Schwan: Lion downloads exceed first million. In: Heise online . July 22, 2011 . Retrieved April 20, 2017.
8. ↑ Appleinsider.com: Sales of Apple's Mac OS X 10.7 Lion top 6M, 80% more than Snow Leopard . 4th October 2011.
9. ↑ Apple: 26 million copies of Lion OS sold, 66 million Mac users. Engadget.com, July 11, 2012, accessed July 12, 2012 . 
10. ↑ Stephan Ehrmann: Apple publishes preliminary version of Mac OS X 10.8. In: Heise online . February 16, 2012 . Retrieved April 20, 2017.
11. ↑ Apple.com: Boot Camp 4.0, OS X Lion: Frequently asked questions , August 1, 2011.
12. ↑ Justus Zenker: OS X Lion: iChat masters new tricks. Maclife.de, July 20, 2011, accessed August 6, 2011 . 
13. ↑ Inside Mac OS X 10.7 Lion: Missing Front Row, Rosetta and Java runtime. AppleInsider.com, February 26, 2011, accessed August 14, 2011 . 
14. ↑ Java SE 6 1.6.0_26 - OS X Lion does not provide a Java runtime by default. Apple.com, July 20, 2011, accessed August 14, 2011 . 
15. ↑ PowerPC programs are no longer supported. Apple.com, August 10, 2011, accessed August 14, 2011 . 
16. ↑ Andreas Beier, Markus Stöbe, Stephan Ehrmann: Questions and answers on Mac OS X 10.7 Mountain Lion. In: Heise online . July 21, 2011 . P. 22: Install iSync afterwards. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
17. ↑ Lion Server: MySQL is not included. Apple.com, August 12, 2011, accessed August 14, 2011 . 
18. ↑ Lion Server - Upgrading and Migrating (English) - PDF. (PDF; 978 kB) Apple.com, July 8, 2011, accessed August 14, 2011 . 
19. ↑ Information about 10.7.1 at Apple. In: support.apple.com. Apple Inc., August 26, 2011, accessed October 25, 2016 . 
20. ↑ Information about 10.7.2 at Apple. In: support.apple.com. Apple Inc., August 26, 2011, accessed October 25, 2016 . 
21. ↑ Information about 10.7.3 at Apple. In: support.apple.com. Apple Inc., February 1, 2012, accessed October 25, 2016 . 
22. ↑ Information about 10.7.4 at Apple. In: support.apple.com. Apple Inc., May 10, 2012, accessed October 25, 2016 . 
23. ↑ Information about 10.7.5 at Apple. In: support.apple.com. Apple Inc., September 19, 2012, accessed October 25, 2016 .