Oestrich (Rheingau)
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Oestrich (Rheingau)
City of Oestrich-Winkel
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| Height : | 88 m above sea level NHN |
| Residents : | 3899 (December 29, 2015) |
| Incorporation : | July 1, 1972 |
| Postal code : | 65375 |
| Area code : | 06723 |
Oestrich is a district of Oestrich-Winkel in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in Hesse . Since June 2005, the city administration has been housed in a newly built community center in this district .
Geographical location
Oestrich im Rheingau is the eastern part of the three urban districts of Oestrich, Mittelheim and Winkel , which are located on the Rhine and merge structurally . The place has a typical town center with a market square, the old town hall and the parish church of Sankt Martin , unlike the other two parts of the city, which developed along the old street leading through the Rheingau in east-west direction.
The Oestrich district stretches as a strip from the Rhine channel for more than 12 kilometers over the Taunushauptkamm and the Ernstbach into the hinterland forest. The width of the district is about 2000 meters on the Rhine and just barely includes Reichartshausen Castle in the east , leads roughly along the Landstrasse to Hallgarten , the fourth Oestrich-Winkel district, then deviates from the Hallgarten district to the west and extends to Pfingstbach , Dornbach and Solderbach up to the Rabenkopf and the Gray Stone on the Rheinhöhenweg . Here the district still has a width of about 1500 to 1000 meters.
Oestrich is surrounded by vineyards in the east and north. Up to the edge of the forest, viticulture predominates as an agricultural type of use.
In the west, the built-up location extends as far as the vineyards of the Mittelheim district and in the south the center is close to the B 42 bypass road and on the banks of the Rhine .
history
The name of the city cannot be precisely derived and underwent a number of changes in the spelling in the Middle Ages: Oistrich, Ostringer, Oesterich, as well as Hostrich, Hosterecho and Hosteriche, which indicates an eastern location within the original municipality. There are few records of local history before the 12th century.
For more than three hundred years, Oestrich was the seat of the Kurmainzisches Mittelamt, from 1465 to 1770, which, in addition to Oestrich, Winkel, Mittelheim and Hallgarten, today's districts of Oestrich-Winkels, also administered Johannisberg. A loading crane was assigned to this central office by the sovereign, the elector and archbishop of Mainz , in order to load mainly wine barrels onto ships on the Rhine for delivery to Cologne, Amsterdam, Bremen, Frankfurt etc. For centuries, Oestrich was a traditional transshipment point for ship traffic on the Rhine, especially for wine from the Rheingau. Until the land-based Oestrich crane was built, the loading crane was a wooden floating crane. This old Rhine crane or wine loading crane , built in 1744 instead of the floating crane, is today the last stepping crane on the right bank of the Rhine and, as a landmark of Oestrich-Winkel, greets visitors from far across the river. Until 1926 it was the last stepping crane in Germany for loading work.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, numerous wealthy families built their mansions on the banks of the Rhine. The picturesque half-timbered buildings, framed by birches and willows, can still be admired on the banks of the Rhine.
After the dissolution of the Electoral state Oestrich 1803 went to Nassau-Usingen and belonged to the time of the Duchy of Nassau for Office Eltville . After the annexation of the duchy by Prussia , the place was assigned to the Rheingau district in the Wiesbaden administrative region in 1867 .
In 1859, Rudolph Koepp founded a chemical factory in Oestrich, which initially produced earth colors and cement and then became the first in Germany to produce oxalic acid and formic acid on an industrial scale. The factory premises stretched over ten hectares east of the town between Rheingaustraße and the banks of the Rhine, had a siding , a transshipment point for freight shipping and was the largest employer in the area until the 1980s. Since then, a large part of the company premises has been converted into an industrial park. The remaining area is today the location of KOEPP Schaum GmbH .
In the course of the regional reform in Hesse , the new municipality of Oestrich-Winkel was formed on July 1, 1972 through the voluntary amalgamation of the previously independent municipalities of Mittelheim , Oestrich (Rheingau) and Winkel . At the same time, the state government granted the new municipality the right to call itself a city . The last mayor of the independent municipality of Oestrich was Paul Lammoth. Local districts with local councils and local councilors were formed for all city districts .
The quay wall and a disused gantry crane are relics from the time of the chemical factory . This goods transshipment point, which is important for operations, made planning for a bypass road on the banks of the Rhine difficult. To protect the traffic on the federal highway 42 from parts that might fall from the crane, it was walled over and roofed over a length of more than 100 meters. This structure is commonly called the Oestricher Tunnel . The quayside facilities and the gantry crane have been out of service since 1997. The gantry crane was dismantled at the beginning of July 2009 and the tunnel was demolished in the 3rd quarter of 2016.
Culture
The Catholic parish church of St. Martin was built in 1508 and burned down by the Swedes in 1635 during the Thirty Years' War . The reconstruction dragged on until 1893, when Pastor Rody completed the restoration in the late Gothic style. At this time, the interior vaults were pulled in again, the sacristy was expanded and a Lady Chapel and a confessional chapel were added. In place of this church, Rabanus Maurus probably had a first church built around 850, also consecrated to St. Martin, and thus probably the oldest parish in the Rheingau .
The Jewish cemetery , located two kilometers north of the town on the border of the district, is the oldest surviving Jewish cemetery in the Rheingau. Burials are documented for the period from 1625 to 1974. The cemetery was also used by other Jewish communities in the Rheingau until 1890, when some of them had their own cemeteries.
The remains of the Cistercian monastery Gottesthal (1213-1811) can be found in the vineyards near Oestrich . The remaining gate house is now a listed building.
The offices of the Rheingau Musik Festival concert company are located in Oestrich .
literature
- Klaus Peter Dietel: When the nobleman took the maiden. History and stories of regional reform in the Rheingau . ASS-Verlag, Rüdesheim am Rhein 1997
- The landmark of the city of Oestrich-Winkel . Brochure, Oestrich-Winkel
Web links
- The place on the website of the city of Oestrich-Winkel
- Oestrich, Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
- Literature on Oestrich in the Hessian Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ↑ Extract from the registration office as of December 29, 2015: Population figures Ostrich-Winkel.pdf
- ↑ Frankfurter Allgemeine from June 3, 2005: Oestrich-Winkel. A central town hall after more than 30 years
- ^ Hessian Land Surveying Office: District map 1: 50,000 Wiesbaden Rheingaukreis Untertaunuskreis, edition 1969
- ↑ The landmark of the city of Oestrich-Winkel . Brochure, Oestrich-Winkel
- ↑ Koepp company chronicle ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Municipal reform in Hesse: mergers and integrations of municipalities from June 21, 1972 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1972 No. 28 , p. 1197 , point 851 para. 3. ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 4.4 MB ]).
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 375-76 .
- ↑ main statute. (PDF; 108 kB) §; 4. In: website. City of Oestrich-Winkel, accessed February 2019 .
- ↑ Pastoral room Oestrich-Winkel: Sankt Martinskirche in Oestrich ( Memento from January 17th, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
