Organs of the Salzburg Cathedral

Organs of the Salzburg Cathedral
SEVEN ORGANS
General
place	Salzburg Cathedral
Organ builder	Hansueli Metzler Johann Pirchner Franz Zanin ( Camino al Tagliamento ) Francesco Zanin ( Codroipo )
Construction year	1988/1989/1991/1995
epoch	20th century
Illustrations
Technical specifications
Number of pipes	8011 (total)
Number of registers	128 (total)
Number of manuals	12 (total)
Wind chest	Grinding and jumping shop
Tone tract	mechanically
Register action	mechanically
Number of 32 'registers	1
Others
Eminent organists	Gerhard Zukriegel Heribert Metzger

Organs of the Salzburg Cathedral
7 LARGE ORGAN
General
alternative name	7 .: Ceremonial organ
place	Salzburg Cathedral
Organ builder	Hansueli Metzler
Construction year	1988
epoch	20th century
Illustrations
The great organ in Salzburg Cathedral
Gaming table
Technical specifications
Number of pipes	4121
Number of registers	58
Number of rows of pipes	85
Number of manuals	3
Wind chest	Slider drawer
Tone tract	mechanically
Register action	mechanically
Number of 32 'registers	1

Organs of the Salzburg Cathedral
1 EPISTLE ORGAN
General
alternative name	1 .: Court organ
place	Salzburg Cathedral
Organ builder	Johann Pirchner
Construction year	1991
epoch	20th century
Illustrations
Gaming table
Technical specifications
Number of pipes	712
Number of registers	14th
Number of manuals	2
Wind chest	Slider drawer
Tone tract	mechanically
Register action	mechanically

Organs of the Salzburg Cathedral
2 GOSPEL ORGAN
General
alternative name	2nd: Holy Spirit organ
place	Salzburg Cathedral
Organ builder	Johann Pirchner
Construction year	1991
epoch	20th century
Illustrations
Technical specifications
Number of pipes	861
Number of registers	14th
Number of manuals	2
Wind chest	Slider drawer
Tone tract	mechanically
Register action	mechanically

Organs of the Salzburg Cathedral
3 TRUMPET CHOIR ORGAN
General
alternative name	3 .: Renaissance organ
place	Salzburg Cathedral
Organ builder	Francesco Zanin from Codroipo , Renaissance organ and continuo organ
Construction year	1995
epoch	20th century
Illustrations
Gaming table
Technical specifications
Number of pipes	779
Number of registers	11
Number of manuals	1
Wind chest	Spring drawer
Tone tract	mechanically
Register action	mechanically

Organs of the Salzburg Cathedral
4 CONTINUOWERK
General
alternative name	4th: continuo organ
place	Salzburg Cathedral
Organ builder	Francesco Zanin from Codroipo
Construction year	1995
epoch	20th century
Illustrations
Technical specifications
Number of pipes	141
Number of registers	3
Number of manuals	1
Wind chest	Spring drawer
Tone tract	mechanically
Register action	mechanically

Organs of the Salzburg Cathedral
5 TRUMPET CHOIR ORGAN
General
alternative name	5th: Venetian organ
place	Salzburg Cathedral
Organ builder	Franz Zanin from Camino al Tagliamento
Construction year	1995
epoch	20th century
Illustrations
Technical specifications
Number of pipes	1123 + 50
Number of registers	27 + 1
Number of manuals	2
Wind chest	Slider drawer
Tone tract	mechanically
Register action	mechanically

Organs of the Salzburg Cathedral
6 CHEST ORGAN
General
alternative name	6. Chest positive
place	Salzburg Cathedral
Organ builder	Johann Pirchner
Construction year	1989
epoch	20th century
Illustrations
The chest organ, played by the organist Heribert Metzger in the picture
Gaming table
Technical specifications
Number of pipes	224
Number of registers	4th
Wind chest	Slider drawer
Tone tract	mechanically
Register action	mechanically

The Salzburg Cathedral has had seven independent organs since 1995 : the main organ from 1988 is on the west gallery , five instruments created after 1990 are on the pillar lofts of the crossing , and a portable chest positive is available, mostly in the left transverse arm next to it the north sacristy door is turned off. All seven organs of Salzburg Cathedral have a purely mechanical action and register action .
Models for making music together in several ensembles, alternating with solo play, can be found above all in Italy. In the three-conch choir of Salzburg Cathedral, music can be played in five groups: in front of the St. Francis altar and on the four galleries . The arrangement is similar to the music-making practice in the cathedral until 1859: in the presbytery and on the four galleries . This situation has been restored since 1995.
The old large organ, which was created 75 years after the cathedral was opened, only had a " secondary role " in the cathedral music : it only played as a celebratory organ when the archbishop moved in or out through the west gate.
For the history see below: Organs and church music from 1628

Great Organ (1988)

According to the overall concept, the large organ on the west gallery was arranged in such a way that it corresponds to the stylistic orientation of the southern German-Austrian organ building tradition. A Rückpositiv was newly created because it was expected to have a special presence of the tone in the acoustically difficult space. After an initial, initially unsuccessful, contact in 1981, the organ building company Hansueli Metzler (Dietikon / Switzerland) handed the newly built work over to its destination in 1988 after several years of work. The organ was blessed and put into service on June 1st, 1988. The instrument has 58 registers , divided into three manuals and pedal.

I Rückpositiv C – g 3 Quintad 16 ′ Praestant 8th' Coppel 8th' Wooden flute 8th' Principal 4 ′ Reed flute 4 ′ Octave 2 ′ Forest flute 2 ′ Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ Sif flute 1' Sharp IV – V 1' Sesquialtera II Krummhorn 8th' Vox Humana 8th' Tremulant

II Hauptwerk C – g 3 Principal 16 ′ Octave 8th' Hollow flute 8th' viola 8th' Major fifth 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′ Octave 4 ′ Night horn 4 ′ third 3 1 ⁄ 5  ′ Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ Super octave 2 ′ Mixture major IV – V 2 ′ Mixture minor V – VI 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′ Trumpet 16 ′ Trumpet 8th' Clairon 4 ′ Cornet V 8th'

III Swell C – g 3 Bourdon 16 ′ Principal 8th' Dumped 8th' Salicional 8th' Piffaro 8th' Octave 4 ′ Flauta 4 ′ Gemshorn 4 ′ Nasard 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ Duplicate 2 ′ Tierce 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′ Mixture V 2 ′ bassoon 16 ′ Trumpet 8th' Schalmey 8th' Tremulant

Pedal C – f 1 Principal 32 ′ Praestant 16 ′ Wooden principal 16 ′ Sub bass 16 ′ Octavbass 8th' Pointed flute 8th' Octave 4 ′ Peasant flute 2 ′ Backset VI 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ Bombard 16 ′ bassoon 16 ′ Trumpet 8th' Clairon 4 ′

• Zimbelstern
• Coupling: I / II, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
• Playing aids : plenary kick, tongue kick
• Voice type : Werckmeister III, modified.

Remarks

1. ↑ C – G sharp as 5 ¹ ⁄ ₃  ′
2. ↑ C – f sharp ⁰ with Coppel 8 ′, otherwise 19th century
3. ↑ partly Egedacher
4. ↑ F – h ⁰ in the prospectus, 19th century
5. ↑ on own drawer in the Kronpositiv, 8′-choir 19th century
6. ↑ partly 19th century
7. ↑ 19th century
8. ↑ C – F as fifth 10 ² ⁄ ₃  ′
9. ↑ C – f ⁰ Brochure 19th century
10. ↑ C – f ⁰ from Principal 32 ′
11. ↑ partly 19th century
12. ↑ Cup bells in the Rückpositiv

Crossing organs (dome organs)

In the spring of 1990, the structural requirements for the rebuilding of the pillar galleries and the crossing organs there were created according to plans by the Dutch architect Corneille F. Janssen . In 1985, the monument conservator Corneille Jansson won the tender procedure for the rebuilding of the ensemble of the organ stands in the domed room. The case of the organs was designed by Jansson based on the architectural motif of the “ Serliana ”, named after the architect Sebastiano Serlio (1475–1555).

Eastern crossing organs (1991)

Similar to the singing bleachers, the two eastern transept organs should not be planned as a style copy, but with a conscious reference to the historical situation and in coordination with today's church music practice, but largely according to the traditional inventory of the 18th century. Organ builder Johann Pirchner from Steinach am Brenner in Tyrol received the order to build the two purely mechanical two-manual organs, which were blessed in 1991.

The epistle organ on the southeast dome pillar ( court organ )

I main work C DE –d 3 Principal 8th' Lead-covered 8th' Octave 4 ′ Pointed flute 4 ′ Quint 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ Octave 2 ′ mixture 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′

II subsidiary C DE –d 3 Copel 8th' Dumped 4 ′ Principal 2 ′ Nasat 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′

Pedal C DE –a 0 Sub bass 16 ′ Octave bass 8th' Quintbass 5 1 ⁄ 3  ′

• Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P

The gospel organ on the northeast dome pillar ( Holy Spirit organ )

I main work C – d 3 Principal 8th' viola 8th' Octave 4 ′ Night horn 4 ′ Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′ Octave 2 ′ mixture 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′

II subsidiary work C – d 3 Copel 8th' Reed flute 4 ′ Principal 2 ′ Cornet 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′

Pedal C – d 1 Sub bass 16 ′ Octave bass 8th' trombone 8th'

• Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
• Tremulant

Western crossing organs (1995)

Because artists from Italy have the largest share in the construction and furnishing of the Salzburg Cathedral, the decision was made to install Italian organs in the two western domed galleries. Two Italian organ builders from Friuli-Venezia Giulia were able to be won over for this, namely Francesco Zanin from Codroipo (Tuscan Renaissance organ) and Franz Zanin from Camino al Tagliamento (Venetian organ).

Additional registers provide special tonal effects in both organs: Usignolo (birdsong) in the Renaissance organ and Campanelli (glockenspiel) and tamburo (drum roll) in the Venetian organ. In addition, the division of several registers at c ¹ / c sharp ^{1 is} possible on both instruments . This makes it possible to play in two different timbres on just one manual, which enables the authentic interpretation of old Italian and Spanish organ music.

“The type of voice of both Italian organs is the pure third mid-tone, as it was in use in the Renaissance and early Baroque (...) up to the 19th century. The number of available tones has been increased compared to the original mean-tone temperature through the establishment of double keys. "

- Heribert Metzger : The organs in Salzburg Cathedral

The Renaissance organ on the south-western dome pillar

The renaissance organ was built on the model of Tuscan renaissance organs, with the spring drawer system.

“The keyboard reaches down to the Contra-F (12 '). In addition to the typical Italian split ripieno with doubling and tripling of the principal in the treble, there are the registers flauto in ottava, cornamuse (regal), voce umana (beat) and tremulant. The pedal does not have its own register; the coupling to the low position of the manual brings the effect of playing in a 16 'position. "

- Heribert Metzger : The organs in Salzburg Cathedral

Manual FF – c 3 ( short octave ) Principals I – III Ottava Quinta Decima Decima Nona Vigesima Seconda Vigesima Sesta Vigesima Nona Trigesima Terza e Sesta Voce umana Flauto in VIII Cornamuse Attached pedal FF – d 0 (short octave)

• Playing aids : Ripieno kick
• Subsidiary register : Usignoli (birdsong)
• Side train : Tremolante ( channel tremulant )

The continuo organ on the southwest dome pillar

The case of the continuo work is attached to that of the Renaissance organ in an optically identical manner, the playing area is a few steps south of the Renaissance organ.

Manual C – c 3 Bordone 8th' Flauta a camino 4 ′ Principals 2 ′ Attached pedal C – H

The Venetian organ on the north-western dome pillar

The organ on the north-western dome was built in the Venetian style of the 18th century.

“Grand'Organo (main work), Positivo and Pedal are on slider drawers. The positive in the lower case, on the organist's left hand, speaks into the nave of the cathedral; it can be locked and can therefore also be used as an echo mechanism. In addition to the divided ripieno, the disposition contains flutes in the intervals of octave and duodecim above the principal and a third above half the keyboard, as well as a register voce umana; the pedal has three stops of its own; in both manuals and in the pedal there are reed registers (cellos, tromboncini, tromboni). "

- Heribert Metzger : The organs in Salzburg Cathedral

I Positivo C – f 3 Principals Ottava Quinta Decima Decima Nona Vigesima Seconda Flauto Cornetta Tromboncini

II Grand 'Organo C – f 3 Principals Ottava Quinta Decima Decima Nona Vigesima Seconda Vigesima Sesta Vigesima Nona Trigesima Terza e Sesta Voce umana (from c sharp 1 ) Flauto in VIII Flauto in XII Cornetta Cellos

Pedal C – h 0 Contrabassi 16 ′ Tromboni 8th' Ottava di Contrab.

• Continuo register: Copula 8 ′
• Secondary register : Tamburo (drum), Campanelli (glockenspiel)
• Side trains: coupling disengagement II / P, sliding coupler I / II, Ripinieno (crank)

Chest Organ (1989)

A so-called "chest organ" or chest positive is used, depending on the requirements, in different places in the large church space and also outside the cathedral, for example during processions.

The example of the Salzburg Cathedral was built in 1989 by the organ builder Johann Pircher. It stands on wheels and has 224 pipes.

Chest organ C – g 3
Copl	8th'
Reed flute	4 ′
Principal	2 ′
Nasard	1 1/3 ′

Organs and church music from 1628

Church music practice around 1682, copper engraving by Melchior Küsel

For the 1628 inaugurated Salzburg Cathedral created organ builder Leopold Rotenburger three instruments, namely organs for the two foremost galleries under the dome and a shelf for the presbytery. In 1643 he built two more organs for the trumpeter loft in the crossing. With the four pillar galleries the possibility was created to bring unique polyphonic baroque church music to sound. On ordinary festivals, music was played in three groups, namely in the eastern domed galleries and in the presbytery; on high feasts, kettledrums and trumpets were placed in the western domed galleries. In 1757 , Leopold Mozart described in detail how the musicians were distributed in the 18th century .
All musicians were dressed in white choir skirts, with the exception of trumpeters and timpanists, who wore black uniforms and had their place in the trumpet choirs - the western pillar galleries.

1. Principal choir with court organ ( Epistel organ)

The south-eastern gallery was called the Principal Choir , the court organ and around 14 musicians stood here ; From the principal choir , the conductor or his representative conducted the music, the court organist , the solo singers , a cellist , a violinist , three bassoonists and three trombonists played on it . Towards the end of the 17th century the court organ was expanded, it received a second manual and then had 14 stops . In her function as court organist, such important musicians as Carl van Houven († 1661), Georg Muffat (1678–1690), Johann Ernst Eberlin (1726–1749), Anton Cajetan Adlgasser (1750–1777), Wolfgang Amadé Mozart ( 1779–1781) and Johann Michael Haydn (1782–1806).

2nd choir with Holy Spirit organ ( Gospel organ)

Opposite the principal choir , on the north-eastern gallery, there were about twelve violinists with their concertmaster and the organist at the Heilig Geist organ . Towards the end of the 17th century, the Heilig Geist organ, at the same time as the court organ, was expanded to include a second manual and then had 13 stops . When the organ was dismantled by Johann Nepomuk Carl Mauracher in 1859, the organ had 15 stops and 21 stops. The pipes stood on five main and four side wind chests . This old instrument was placed in the parish and pilgrimage church of Dürrnberg with new wind chests in 1860 at the mediation of a son of Franz X. Gruber , namely Felix Gruber ; the organ case was also used and came from Saalfelden . Organ builder JNC Mauracher described the action of the Heilig Geist organ as cumbersome.

Disposition Heilig Geist-Organ 1859

I main work Principal 8th' Gamba 8th' Gedact 8th' flute 4 ′ Octave 4 ′ Quint 3 ′ Super octave 2 ′ mixture 1 1 ⁄ 2  ′

positive Gedact 8th' Dolze 4 ′ Octav 4 ′ flute 4 ′

pedal Sub bass 16 ′ Octavbass 8th' Quintbass 6 ′

3. Ripienochor

The (many) members of the third ensemble, the so-called ripienists , were gathered around the shelf or the choir organ in the presbytery and consisted of choir boys , cathedral vicars and cathedral choralists . Their task was to strengthen or form the tutti .

4th + 5th trumpeter choirs with organs from 1643

On high holidays, there were about six black-clad trumpeters , two timpanists and two other organ players in the two western galleries, the so-called trumpeter choirs, to help with the music for five choirs composed for such occasions. Each of the organ instruments on the two trumpet choirs had six registers .

6. Egedacher festival organ 1703 and 1705

The realization of a processional organ on the west gallery, for the game for the entrance and exit of the celebrating bishop through the main portal, took place 75 years after the opening of the cathedral. Johann Ernst , who rejected everything Savoyan and Welsche and was elected Archbishop in 1687 , donated 5,000 guilders for its construction . He placed the order to build the great Salzburg cathedral organ to court organ maker Christoph Egedacher († April 6, 1706), who signed it on August 2, 1702. The unsigned design probably comes from Caspar Zugalli ( who was dismissed by the archbishop as welsch ) , a slightly different model, which Egedacher used as a template, by the cabinet maker Lorenz Windpichler. According to the contract, Egedacher undertook to deliver an instrument with 32 registers within a year and to manufacture it according to the outline and model made for this purpose . In 1705 the organ case was expanded with harp-shaped side panels, and the organ work was expanded to include a third manual with 42 registers (including ten reeds alone ).

As early as 1703, while his father was still alive, Johann Christoph Egedacher had undertaken a first study trip to Trento to the organ of the council church "Santa Maria Maggiore" to study the making of reed parts. The main work had remained unchanged compared to the construction of 1703, the second manual was placed in the substructure of the case, the third manual in the upper (crown) work, the small pedal in the side panels. The play system of the work is of particular interest because, as far as we know, it represents the first free gaming table in Austria, and which the cathedral organist Johann Baptist Samber at the time had reproduced in a publication in 1707.

On a second trip to Strasbourg in 1717 , Egedacher visited Andreas Silbermann , examined the organ he had built for the Strasbourg Cathedral with him and bought his recipe for a preparation against "worm damage" from him. After the Ezzes, which Egedacher had got from Silbermann, he worked again on the cathedral organ from May to September 1718 with the intention of finishing the great work in better condition than it ever was . He made around 2000 new pipes and provided them with new wind sticks. However, with a slightly different disposition, the organ did not have any additional stops. The result was an instrument that featured easy-to-use playing mechanics and a pure tone. In 1806 this organ was still counted among the most excellent there is ; the sound is thick, and when the whole work is coupled it sounds like a thunderstorm . The pedal in particular sounded piercing through the pith . […] The sculptural decorations on it are magnificent and full of taste . The large organ in Salzburg Cathedral existed in this form until 1842.

The clock face of a clock, which Johann Bentele made for Archbishop Colloredo in 1782 and which cost 2,500 guilders, was still attached above the crown mechanism and above the central window until the 20th century .

Demolition of the dome galleries and the crossing organs in 1859

In the course of the cathedral renovation in 1859, the pillar galleries and organs were demolished; the purism of style at that time showed no understanding of these varieties of baroque architecture and music. The two western organ with six registers that were on the trumpet choirs, came by Matthew Mauracher I. parish churches yard and Niedernsill , the Holy Ghost Organ with 13 registers by Nepomuk Mauracher on the Dürrnberg , the so-called farm-organ with Matthäus Mauracher was allowed to keep 14 registers. The church music was then performed exclusively on the rear gallery above the west entrance.

Festive organ after 1842

In the years 1842 to 1845, the Great Organ was seriously redesigned: The Salzburg organ builder Ludwig Mooser expanded the range of the keyboard and added 18 voices to the work. Since he had done this on his own initiative, without an order, he was not paid the amount invoiced for it, which had been five times the agreed repair. As a result, he had to file for bankruptcy.

The cathedral organ also had to be adapted to the recently changed conditions: It was built in two stages between 1880 and 1883 and from 1910 to 1914 by Matthäus Mauracher senior. or jun. expanded to four manuals and 101 registers, equipped with playing aids and switched to pneumatic or electro-pneumatic functions. With this, Salzburg had received the "largest church organ in the monarchy", but it soon became apparent that the attempt to synthesize practical craftsmanship and technical progress had not been successful in every respect.

Due to the oversizing of the work, the historic case, which was monumental but only designed for 50 registers, was stripped of its function; it only served as a facade. The wind chests also proved to be problematic in their different construction methods , which stem from several phases of development. Before it came to a renovation and a uniform design of the action , a new choir organ was planned, because soon after the removal of the choir organs (1859) this measure was regretted. In addition, the liturgical movement at the beginning of the 20th century again called for church music near the altar. But at that time they did not dare to rebuild the pillar lofts and organs, but only to build an electrically controlled choir organ, both of which had manuals attached to the eastern pillars and the pedal behind the high altar. At the same time, this work, built in 1937 by the Salzburg organ construction company Dreher & Flamm , was connected to the main organ on the west gallery as a remote work.

The main and choir organs were seriously damaged by the bombing of the cathedral. Although both instruments were repaired for the reopening of the cathedral in 1959, it soon became apparent that a general renovation could no longer be postponed. The considerations fluctuated between maintaining the grown state and technical, dispositional or radical renewal.

The expert commission appointed by the Metropolitan Chapter finally decided to rebuild the large organ in the housing from 1705, which was to be restored, whereby historically valuable pipe material from the 18th and 19th centuries was to be reused, and for the step-by-step reconstruction of the pillar galleries and organs in the dome. This was not only intended to create the former possibilities for making music, which had proven themselves over 230 years, but also to provide impulses for contemporary composers.

Kapellmeister and organist

Heribert Metzger, cathedral organist since 2005

Cathedral Kapellmeister

• 1892 / 1909–1921: Hermann Spies
• 1926–1969: Joseph Messner
• 1969–1985: Anton Dawidowicz
• 1985: Herbert Paulmichl (not started)
• 1986–1989: Arnold Becker
• since 1989: János Czifra

Cathedral organists

• 1916–1962: Franz Sauer (first cathedral organist)
• 1922–1926: Joseph Messner (second cathedral organist)
• 1963–2005: Gerhard Zukriegel
• since 2005: Heribert Metzger

literature

• Heribert Metzger : The organs in Salzburg Cathedral . Ed .: Metropolitan Chapter of Salzburg. Salzburg 2011.
• Johann Baptist Samber : Continuatio ad manuductionem organicam . Salzburg 1707.
• Hermann Spies : The Salzburg cathedral organs . Augsburg 1929.
• Peter Tenhaef: New references to the Salzburg cathedral organs and galleries in the 17th century . In: Alfred Reichling (Ed.): Acta organologica . tape 23 . Berlin 1993, p. 113-122 .
• Gerhard Walterskirchen : The church music practice of Mozart's time at Salzburg Cathedral . In: Domkapitel Salzburg (Ed.): The crossing organs in Salzburg Cathedral, restoration 1991 . Salzburg 1991.

Web links

See also : Salzburg Cathedral  and List of Large Organs

Commons : Pipe organs of Salzburg Cathedral  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Underside of the organ landscape on the website of the Salzburg Cathedral

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Heribert Metzger: The organs in the Salzburg Cathedral . Ed .: Metropolitan Chapter of Salzburg in connection with the archives of the Archdiocese of Salzburg. Salzburg.
2. ↑ In England it is known as the "Scamozzi Window" because the "Serliana" motif was made famous by Vincenzo Scamozzi .
3. ↑ For disposition on the website of the organ building company
4. ↑ Heribert Metzger: The organs in the Salzburg Cathedral , Salzburg 2011, p. 7.
5. ↑ Leopold Mozart: News of the current state of music, Sr. High Princely Grace of the Archbishop of Salzburg in 1757 . In: Historical-Critical Contributions to the Recording of Music , ed. by Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg, Vol. 3, St. 3 (1757), [183] ​​–198. Quoted from: Gerhard Walterskirchen: The Church Music Practice of Mozart's Time at Salzburg Cathedral . In: The crossing organs in Salzburg Cathedral, restoration 1991 , ed. from the cathedral chapter Salzburg, op
6. ^ Roman Schmeißner: Organ building in Salzburg pilgrimage churches , Duisburg & Cologne 2015, p. 29f.
7. ↑ 2) The old mechanics corrugation abstraction (clumsy.) Registration, the number of register stops 21 .; Silent Night Hallein Archive: Gruber Documents NV 155 , relating to Dürnberg (Hallein, March 16, 1860). Quoted from: Roman Schmeißner: Orgelbau in Salzburger Wallfahrtskirchen , Duisburg & Cologne 2015, p. 38.
8. ↑ fho: Teßmann State Library - our collections - Herbert Paulmichl - church musician, composer: with catalog raisonné. Retrieved on November 7, 2018 (German). 
9. ^ Ernst Hintermaier: The organists at the Salzburg Cathedral from the beginning to the present. In: Metropolitan Chapter of Salzburg (ed.): Festschrift for the consecration of the new large organ in Salzburg Cathedral in 1988. Salzburg 1988, p. 44.