Michael Haydn

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Johann Michael Haydn
Signature of Michael Haydn

Johann Michael Haydn (born September 14, 1737 in Rohrau , Archduchy of Austria , † August 10, 1806 in Salzburg ) was a composer and brother of Joseph Haydn and Johann Evangelist Haydn .

Life

The rule to castle Rohrau held pilgrimages to Rochus and Sebastian Church in Imperial quarry on Leithaberg from - in 1746 because of an epizootic disease. These were organized by Mat (t) hias Haydn, master wagoner and market judge from Rohrau. He was the father of two later famous sons, Joseph and Johann Michael. Both boys received their first musical impressions at the great church music for which the procession after Kaisersteinbruch was famous.

Crypt 54 ( Petersfriedhof Salzburg ): "Commune Crypt ", in which Maria Anna Mozart and Michael Haydn are buried
Tomb in the collegiate church of St. Peter, Salzburg

Johann Michael Haydn, like his better-known brother Joseph, was a choirboy at St. Stephan in Vienna . After he had left the choir school , he first became a violinist in 1757 and, in 1760, bishop Kapellmeister in Nagyvárad (Großwardein, today Oradea ) with Bishop Adam Patachich . His horn concerto caused a sensation in Vienna in 1762. Called to Salzburg by Archbishop Sigismund von Schrattenbach , he was appointed court composer ( court musician and concertmaster ) in Salzburg on August 14, 1763 . In 1768 he married the court singer Maria Magdalena Lipp, daughter of the court organist Franz Ignaz Lipp. The marriage, which was described as happy, had a daughter, Aloisia Josepha, in 1770, but she died after a year.

In 1782, Haydn succeeded Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart as organist at the Trinity Church and was most recently also responsible for the cathedral music. Haydn worked in Salzburg for a total of 43 years until his death. During this time he wrote 360 ​​sacred and secular compositions, especially instrumental music . He was a friend of Mozart , and the two musicians held each other in high esteem.

Michael Haydn was buried on August 13, 1806 in the communal crypt in the Petersfriedhof Salzburg . On the occasion of one of the regular evacuations of the crypt, Haydn's widow procured the skull of her deceased husband and placed it next to her bed. After her death, the relic was kept in an urn, which is part of the Haydn tomb in the collegiate church. Today Michael Haydn's skull is in the safe of St. Peter's Abbey.

In the book of the dead in the cemetery of St. Peter, Prior Fr. Gabriel Hutter wrote the following about Michael Haydn: “His character was quiet, careful, and humble. Intoxication and games were far from him; to judge temperance in thought, speech, and other musical works was what made him popular and valued. "

meaning

His work, which is often sung in Catholic masses in particular, is the German High Mass ( “Here lies before Your Majesty” ), which is one of the few church folk chants of the classical period .

Haydn was an important pioneer of sacred music. His sacred choral works are well known , including the Missa Hispanica (for which he received his diploma in Stockholm in 1804 ), a Mass in D minor, a Lauda Sion and a number of graduals, 42 of which were printed in Anton Diabelli's Ecclesiasticon . Michael Haydn is also considered an important advocate of the male choir . He was also a prolific composer of secular music. Among other things, he composed 41 symphonies , some instrumental concerts and chamber music , including a string quartet in C major, which had previously been ascribed to his brother Joseph. Like Mozart, Haydn died without being able to complete his last setting of the Requiem .

One reason why Michael Haydn is far less well known than his famous brother Joseph may be that his works were not published during his lifetime, but only distributed in handwritten copies mainly from monastery to monastery, here, of course, mainly his sacred works were.

Much of Michael Haydn's work is still largely unknown to the public.

Works (selection)

  • Oratorio, "The Penitent Sinner", MH 147 (1771)
  • Concerto for organ, viola and strings in C major
  • Trumpet Concerto in C major
  • Concertino for bassoon in B flat major
  • Tristis est anima mea
  • Concerto for alto trombone in D major

Sacred choral music

  • Missa in honorem Sanctissimae Trinitatis, MH 1
  • Missa Sanctae Cyrilli et Methodii, MH 13
  • Missa Beatissimae Virginis Mariae, MH 15 (Perger deest)
  • Missa in honorem Sancti Josephi, MH 16
  • Missa Sancti Gabrielis, MH 17
  • Te Deum , MH 28
  • Mass in C major, MH 42
  • Missa Sancti Francisci Seraphici (1a), MH 43
  • Mass in C major, MH 44 (Perger deest)
  • Missa Sanctae Crucis, MH 56
  • Missa dolorum Beatae Virginis Mariae, MH 57 (= identical to MH 552)
  • Missa Sancti Raphaelis, MH 87
  • Missa Sancti Nicolai Tolentini, MH 109 / MH 154
  • Missa Sancti Francisci Seraphici (1b), MH 119
  • Missa pro defuncto Archiepiscopo Sigismundo ("Schrattenbach Requiem"), in C minor, MH 155
  • Missa Sancti Joannis Nepomuceni, MH 182
  • Missa Sancti Hieronymi, oboe mass, MH 254
  • Missa Sancti Aloysii, MH 257
  • Missa in Honorem St. Ruperti (Jubilee Mass) in C major, MH 322
  • Sancti Dei MH 328
  • Alleluia! Laudate Pueri, Graduale in festo SS. Innocentium, Dominica, MH 342 (1783)
  • Effuderunt Sanguinem Sanctorum, Graduale in festo SS. Innocentium, extra Dominicam, MH 392 (1784)
  • Missa in honorem Sancti Dominici (Missa della Beneficenza) in C major, MH 419 (1786)
  • Missa Hispanica (Missa a due cori), MH 422
  • Anima Nostra, Offertorium pro festo SS. Innocentium, MH 452 (1787)
  • Alleluia! Dextera Domini, Graduale per Dominica quarta post Pascha, MH 484 (1788)
  • Alleluia! Surrexit Christ, Graduale pro Dominica quinta post Pascha, MH 485 (1788)
  • Missa in honorem Sancti Gotthardi (Missa Admontis), MH 530 (1792)
  • Mass in honorem Sanctae Ursulae (Chiemseemesse), MH 546
  • Missa per quadragesima, MH 551
  • Missa Quadragesimalis, MH 552 (A minor)
  • Missa Tempore Quadragesimae et Adventus, MH 553
  • German High Mass "Here lies before your majesty", MH 536
  • German High Mass "Here lies before your Majesty" ("Haydn Mass"), MH 560
  • German High Mass, MH 602
  • German High Mass, MH 642
  • Missa sub titulo Sanctae Theresiae, MH 797 (MH 796 without gloria fugue)
  • Petite et accipietis, Graduale, MH 798
  • Magnus Dominus, Offertory, MH 799
  • Te Deum, MH 800
  • Missa sub titulo Sancti Francisci Seraphici, MH 826
  • Missa sub titulo Sancti Leopoldi in festo Innocentium, MH 837
  • Missa pro defunctis, Requiem in B flat major (unfinished), MH 838
  • Antiphonarium ad usum chori Rothensis , from 1791

Orchestral music

  • Violin Concerto in G major, P 52
  • Violin Concerto in B flat major, P 53
  • Violin Concerto in A major, MH 207
  • Flute Concerto, P 54
  • Trumpet Concerto No. 2, C major MH 60
  • Trumpet Concerto, D major, MH 104
  • Trumpet Concerto, D minor
  • Horn Concerto, Concertino in D major

Symphonies

  • Symphony No. 1, C major, MH 23 (Perger 35)
  • Symphony No. 1C, E flat major, MH 35 (Perger 1)
  • Symphony No. 2, C major, MH 37 (Perger 2)
  • Symphony No. 3, G major (Perger deest)
  • Symphony No. 4, B flat major, MH 62 (Perger 51)
  • Symphony No. 5, A major, MH 63 (Perger 3)
  • Symphony No. 6, C major, MH 64 (Perger 4)
  • Symphony No. 7, E major, MH 65 (Perger 5)
  • Symphony No. 8, D major, MH 69 (Perger 38)
  • Symphony No. 9, D major, MH 50 (Perger 36)
  • Symphony No. 10, F major, MH 51 (Perger 45)
  • Symphony No. 11 / 11a, B flat major, MH 82/184 (Perger 9)
  • Symphony No. 12, G major, MH 108 (Perger 7)
  • Symphony No. 13, D major, MH 132 (Perger 37)
  • Symphony No. 14, B flat major, MH 133 (Perger 52)
  • Symphony No. 15, D major, MH 150 (Perger 41)
  • Symphony No. 16, A major, MH 152 (Perger 6)
  • Symphony No. 17, E major, MH 151 (Perger 44)
  • Symphony No. 18, C major, MH 188 (Perger 10)
  • Symphony No. 19, D major, MH 198 (Perger 11)
  • Symphony No. 20, C major, MH 252 (Perger 12)
  • Symphony No. 21 in D major, MH 272 (Perger 42), 1778
  • Symphony No. 22, D major, MH 287 (Perger 43)
  • Symphony No. 23, F major, MH 284 (Perger 14)
  • Symphony No. 24, A major, MH 302 (Perger 15)
  • Symphony No. 25, G major, MH 334 (Perger 16), see Symphony No. 37 (Mozart)
  • Symphony No. 26, E flat major, MH 340 (Perger 17)
  • Symphony No. 27, B flat major, MH 358 (Perger 18)
  • Symphony No. 28, C major, MH 384 (Perger 19)
  • Symphony No. 29, D minor, MH 393 (Perger 20)
  • Symphony No. 30, D major, MH 399 (Perger 21)
  • Symphony No. 31, F major, MH 405 (Perger 22)
  • Symphony No. 32, D major, MH 420 (Perger 23)
  • Symphony No. 33, D major, MH 24 (Perger deest)
  • Symphony No. 34 , E flat major, MH 473 (Perger 26)
  • Symphony No. 35 , G major, MH 474 (Perger 27)
  • Symphony No. 36 , B flat major, MH 475 (Perger 28)
  • Symphony No. 37 , D major, MH 476 (Perger 29)
  • Symphony No. 38 , F major, MH 477 (Perger 30)
  • Symphony No. 39 , C major, MH 478 (Perger 31), Salzburg 1788
  • Symphony No. 40, F major, MH 507 (Perger 32), Salzburg 1789
  • Symphony No. 41, A major, MH 508 (Perger 33), Salzburg 1789
  • Symphony in F major, MH 25 (Perger deest)
  • Symphony in G major, MH 26 (Perger deest)
  • Finale to Symphony in B flat major, MH 184 (Perger [9])

Chamber music for strings

  • Divertimento (string quintet) in B flat major (Perger 105 / MH 412)
  • String quintet in C major (Perger 108 / MH 187)
  • String quintet in F major (Perger 110 / MH 367)
  • String quintet in F major (Perger 112 / MH 411)
  • String quintet in G major (Perger 109 / MH 189)

Operas and music for stage plays

  • Rebekah as a bride , MH 76 (Perger [47])
  • The dream , pantomime in two acts, MH 84 (Perger 133)
  • The bass violinist zu Wörgl , MH 205 (Perger deest), 1773–75
  • Zaïre , music to Voltaire's tragedy, MH 255 (Perger 13)
  • Endimione , Serenata , MH 186, 1778
  • Andromeda and Perseus , Opera seria in two acts, libretto by Giambattista Varesco , MH 438 (Perger 25), 1787

student

literature

Lexicon article

Monographs

in order of appearance

  • Otto Schmid: Johann Michael Haydn (1737-1806). His life and work. Langensalza 1906.
  • Anton Maria Klafsky: Michael Haydn as a church composer. Vienna 1915 (Studies in Musicology, Volume 3).
  • Hans Jancik : Michael Haydn. A forgotten master. Amalthea, Zurich 1952.
  • Eva M. Stöckler, Agnes Brandter (eds.): "... lasts forever beautiful and unaltered ..." Johann Michael Haydn - not a forgotten master! Hollitzer Wissenschaftsverlag, Vienna 2020, ISBN 978-3-99012-846-6 .

Catalog raisonnés

  • Lothar Herbert Perger: Thematic index of the instrumental works by M. Haydn. In: Michael Haydn, Instrumental Works I. Monuments of Tonkunst in Austria (DTÖ 29), Vienna 1907.
  • Charles H. Sherman, T. Donley Thomas: Johann Michael Haydn (1737-1806), a chronological thematic catalog of his works. Pendragon Press, Stuyvesant NY 1993, ISBN 0-918728-56-8 .

Web links

Commons : Michael Haydn  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gräfliches Harrachsches Familienarchiv: Pilgrimage of the Rohrau Lordship to Kaisersteinbruch, 1746.
  2. ↑ Death book: Salzburg Dompfarre, Volume IV, p. 411.
  3. ↑ Cf. Friedrich Buchmayr : Michael Haydn and the St. Florian monastery. A search for traces for the 200th birthday. In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets . Linz 2006, pp. 18–20, entire article pp. 14–21, PDF on land-oberoesterreich.gv.at
personal data
SURNAME Haydn, Michael
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Haydn, Johann Michael (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian composer
DATE OF BIRTH September 14, 1737
PLACE OF BIRTH Rohrau
DATE OF DEATH August 10, 1806
Place of death Salzburg