Andreas Osiander
Andreas Osiander (born December 19, 1496 or 1498 in Gunzenhausen , Principality of Ansbach ; † October 17, 1552 in Königsberg , Duchy of Prussia ) was a theologian and German reformer .
Live and act
After studying in Ingolstadt, Osiander first worked as a pastor in Nuremberg at St. Lorenz from 1522 , on the appointment of the local provost Hektor Poemer (1495–1541). Convinced of Martin Luther's theology , he and his companions, the painter Albrecht Dürer , the humanist and councilor Willibald Pirckheimer as well as the council clerk Lazarus Spengler and the mastersinger Hans Sachs , pushed through the Reformation in Nuremberg. Osiander was the main author of the important and influential church order of 1533, which was introduced simultaneously in Nuremberg and in the neighboring margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach .
In the Upper Palatinate , too , Osiander played a key role in church renewal, for example he provided the template for the edict of sovereign Otto Heinrich and worked out a new church order . Osiander was also behind the recall of the evangelical-minded rector of the Sebaldus School, Hans Denck , who later joined the Reformation Anabaptists .
In 1549 Osiander was appointed by Duke Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach as professor of theology at the still young Albertus University of Königsberg , founded in 1544 . There he got into a heated argument with the followers of Philipp Melanchthon , Luther's close companion. The dispute was about the doctrine of justification , one of the core statements of Reformation theology. For Melanchthon, a sinner remained deeply a sinner even after being justified before Christ; Osiander, on the other hand, was of the opinion - similar to the position of the Eastern Churches - that the righteousness of Christ is implanted in people through faith and thus becomes an essential part of the believer.
This so-called Osiandrian quarrel aroused and divided Protestantism for many years. In the end, Osiander and his followers went their own way on this theological question, which was important for the Reformation.
Osiander was considered a connoisseur of the Hebrew language and Jewish mysticism . Unlike Luther, he sought a genuine dialogue with the Jews , vigorously advocated their rights and rejected any form of anti-Judaism .
Preface to Copernicus
Osiander ensured that Nicolaus Copernicus ' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, against the strong opposition of Luther and Melanchthon, was published in Nuremberg in 1543. However, he made some changes to the work that were not authorized by Copernicus. He deleted important passages, made his own additions and added a foreword in which he presented Copernicus' theory as a mere mathematical model without claiming to correspond to reality, but without adding that it did not come from Copernicus. For a long time the opinion prevailed that Copernicus did not really believe in his model.
family
Andreas Osiander was married three times.
- 1. Marriage to Catherine Preu (* 1508 Weißenburg; † July 14, 1537 in Nuremberg)
- 2. Marriage in 1538 with Helene Künhofer (also Helena Kunhoffer; * 1519 Nuremberg; † May 1545 in Nuremberg) at the time of the marriage wealthy widow, 2 daughters
- 3. Marriage in 1546 with Helene Magenbuch (* March 14, 1523 in Nuremberg; † September 8, 1597 in Hohenacker), the daughter of the Nuremberg doctor Johann Magenbuch (* 1487 in Blaubeuren, † October 14, 1546 in Kassel, buried in Nuremberg) . After Osiander's death, she married the pastor Johannes Ruckher and became the ducal Württemberg court pharmacist.
The following are known of his children:
- from first marriage
- Lucas Osiander ,
- Agnes Osiander (* 1530 in Nuremberg), married to Andreas Aurifaber , second marriage in 1560 in Königsberg to Johann Funck (1518–1566)
- Veronika Osiander (* 1533 in Nuremberg), married to Johannes Freudenhammer (1527–1572)
- Katharina Osiander (* 1526 in Nuremberg), married to Hieronymus Besold (* around 1500 - † October 16, 1562)
- Clara (* 1537 in Nuremberg)
- from second marriage
- Susanne (* in Nuremberg)
- Katharina (* in Nuremberg)
- further daughter (* 1545 in Nuremberg)
- from third marriage
- Ursula (* in Nuremberg)
- Elisabeth (* in Königsberg)
For other important family members see under Osiander .
Complete edition
- Gerhard Müller, Gottfried Seebass (Ed.): Andreas Osiander d. Ä. Complete edition . Gütersloher publishing house, 1975–1997 ( online )
- Volume 1: Writings and letters 1522 to March 1525 . 1st edition 1975, ISBN 978-3-579-04266-4 .
- Volume 2: Writings and letters April 1525 to the end of 1527 . 1st edition 1977, ISBN 978-3-579-04267-1 .
- Volume 3: Writings and letters 1528 to April 1530 . 1st edition 1979, ISBN 978-3-579-04268-8 .
- Volume 4: Writings and letters May 1530 to the end of 1532 . 1st edition 1980, ISBN 978-3-579-04269-5 .
- Volume 5: Writings and letters 1533 to 1534 . 1st edition 1983, ISBN 978-3-579-04270-1 .
- Volume 6: Writings and letters 1535 to 1538 . 1st edition 1985, ISBN 978-3-579-00130-2 .
- Volume 7: Writings and letters 1539 to March 1543 . 1st edition 1988, ISBN 978-3-579-00131-9 .
- Volume 8: Writings and letters April 1543 to the end of 1548 . 1st edition 1990, ISBN 978-3-579-00132-6 .
- Volume 9: Writings and letters 1549 to August 1551 . 1st edition 1994, ISBN 978-3-579-00133-3 .
- Volume 10: Writings and letters September 1551 to October 1552 as well as posthumes and supplements . 1st edition 1997, ISBN 978-3-579-00134-0 .
literature
- Paul Gerhard Aring: Andreas Osiander. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 6, Bautz, Herzberg 1993, ISBN 3-88309-044-1 , Sp. 1298-1299.
- Claus Bachmann: The self-glory of God. Studies on theology of the Nuremberg reformer Andreas Osiander ; Neukirchner Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1996; ISBN 3-7887-1589-8 .
- Claus Bachmann: The cross with the sole effectiveness of God. The theology of the Nuremberg reformer and Protestant arch heretic Andreas Osiander in the horizon of the theosis discussion , in: Kerygma and Dogma 49 (2003), pp. 247–275.
- Er - Gruber : General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . Section 3, Part 6, p. 257 ( online )
- Jörg Rainer Fligge: Duke Albrecht of Prussia and Osiandrism 1522–1568. Diss. Phil. Bonn 1972. (Rotaprintdruck der Universität.) 1078 p., 57 ill., Index.
- Emanuel Hirsch : The theology of Andreas Osiander and its historical requirements ; Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1919.
- Wolfgang Killinger: An Osiander Genealogy - The early Osiander . In: Blätter für Fränkische Familienkunde # 30, Gesellschaft für Familienforschung in Franken , Nürnberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-929865-22-6 , pp. 81–116
- Wilhelm Möller : Osiander, Andreas . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 473-483.
- W. Müller, Paul Tschackert : Osiander, Andreas . In: Realencyklopadie for Protestant Theology and Church (RE). 3. Edition. Volume 14, Hinrichs, Leipzig 1904, pp. 501-509.
- Wolfgang Osiander: The Reformation in Franconia: Andreas Osiander and the Franconian reformers ; Schrenk, Gunzenhausen 2008; ISBN 978-3-924270-55-1 .
- Holm-Dietmar Schwarz: Placotomus. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 495 f. ( Digitized version ). (also to Andreas Osiander)
- Gottfried Seebaß : The Reformation work of Andreas Osiander. Association for Bavarian Church History, Nuremberg 1967.
- Gottfried Seebaß: Osiander, Andreas. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 608 ( digitized version ).
- Gottfried Seebaß: Osiander, Andreas . In: Theologische Realenzyklopädie (TRE). Volume 25, de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1995, ISBN 3-11-014712-2 , pp. 507-515.
- Martin Stupperich: Osiander in Prussia: 1549–1552 ; Works on Church History 44; de Gruyter, Berlin 1973; ISBN 3-11-004221-5 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Andreas Osiander in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by and about Andreas Osiander in the German Digital Library
- Andreas Osiander: Lessons and methods of petting and fighting against the Turk (digitized version )
Individual evidence
- ↑ lorenzkirche.citykirche-magazin.de ( Memento from January 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ cf. Osiander: Complete Edition Vol. 7, p. 517
- ^ Walther Hubatsch: Albrecht von Brandenburg-Ansbach. Grand Master of the Teutonic Order and Duke in Prussia 1490-1568. Cologne, Berlin: Grote; Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer, 1960. - Jörg Rainer Fligge: Duke Albrecht of Prussia and Osiandrism 1522-1568. Diss. Phil. Bonn 1972. (Rotaprintdruck der Universität) 1078 p., 57 ill., Index.
- ↑ Hermann Kesten: Copernicus and his world . Ullstein 1983, p. 364
- ↑ Freidenhammer studied in 1545 at the University of Wittenberg, in 1552 he became a deacon at the old town church in Königsberg, 1556 pastor to Schippenbeil, 156S preacher to St. Barbara in Breslau, 1571 deacon to St. Maria Magdalena, 1572 deacon to St. Elisabeth. He died on June 5, 1572. He was a son-in-law of Andreas Osiander. (Pantke V, 15f; Arnoldt I, 37, II 265.)
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Osiander, Andreas |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hosemann, Andreas |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German theologian and reformer |
DATE OF BIRTH | December 19, 1496 or December 19, 1498 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Gunzenhausen |
DATE OF DEATH | October 17, 1552 |
Place of death | Koenigsberg , Prussia |