Bartolomeo Pacca
Bartolomeo Pacca (the elder) (born December 25, 1756 in Benevento , Kingdom of the Two Sicilies , † April 19, 1844 in Rome ) was a papal diplomat and Italian Curia Cardinal of the Roman Church . From 1830 until his death he was the highest-ranking member of the College of Cardinals as Cardinal Dean .
Life
Bartolomeo Pacca was the second child of Orazio Pacca, Marchese of Matrice , and Cristina Malaspina of the family of the Marchese of Lunigiana . After visiting the Collegio Clementino in Rome, he studied from 1778 at the Pontifical Academy for Ecclesiastical Nobles and at the University of La Sapienza . On April 21, 1775 he received his doctorate there as Doctor iuris utriusque .
The minor orders he received on 17 July 1785 on 31 July of that year he was appointed sub-deacon ordained, and on August 7, 1785, he was a deacon ordination donated.
Pacca was ordained a priest on August 14, 1785 . On September 26, 1785, already elevated to titular archbishop of Tamiathis , Cardinal Giovanni Carlo Boschi donated him episcopal ordination on April 17, 1786 . Appointed nuncio in Cologne on April 24, 1786 , he became nuncio in Lisbon ( Portugal ) on March 21, 1794 . Raised Cardinal Priest of San Silvestro in Capite on April 23, 1801 , he worked at the Curia in Rome. In the disputes of Pius VII with France , he proved himself to be a loyal supporter of the Pope and was therefore appointed by him as a pro-datar to be his minister in 1808. Since he had spread the bull of excommunication against Napoleon Bonaparte in Rome in 1809, he was captured by the French with the Pope on July 6th and taken away from Rome and held in custody at the fortress of San Carlo near Fenestrelles for 2 1 ⁄ 2 years. Freed again as a result of the Fontainebleau Concordat in 1813, he persuaded the Pope to break it, and was therefore exiled to Uzès by the Emperor in January 1814 . After Napoleon I's overthrow, he was reinstated in his dignity on October 2, 1818, cardinal priest of San Lorenzo in Lucina and on November 22, 1818 Prefect of the Congregations for Bishops and Religious . Cardinal Pacca Camerlengo was Cardinal Pacca Camerlengo from 1814 to 1824 , so that during the Sedis vacancy in 1823 he was given the task of running the ecclesiastical affairs. He was the reactionary-stark opposite of the Cardinal Secretary of State Ercole Consalvi ; Nevertheless, many well-known scientists and artists were guests.
Since December 21, 1818 Cardinal Bishop of Frascati , he became Cardinal Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina on August 13, 1821 and took part in the 1823 conclave , from which Leo XII. emerged as Pope. He also took part in the conclave of 1829 , which Pius VIII elected Pope. On July 5, 1830, he became Cardinal Bishop of Ostia and Dean of the College of Cardinals. Most recently, in the years 1830–1844, Cardinal Pacca was secretary of the Congregation of the Roman and General Inquisition . Also at the conclave 1830–1831 , through which Pope Gregory XVI. was elected, he participated; as cardinal dean, it fell to him to lead this conclave.
Bartolomeo Pacca died on April 19, 1844 in Rome and was buried in the Church of Santa Maria in Campitelli .
Works
- Memorie istoriche del ministerio di due viaggi in Francia e della cattività nel castro di San Carlo. 3 vols. Rome 1830; new edition Orvieto 1843.
- Note on Portogallo. Rome 1835.
- Relazione del viaggio di papa Pio VII etc. Rome 1833.
These works were also published in German (6 vols., Augsburg 1831–1836).
Family relationships
His great-nephew Bartolomeo the Younger (* 1817, † 1881) was born in 1875 by Pius IX. also appointed cardinal.
literature
- Pacca . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 12, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 593.
Web links
- Pacca, seniore , Bartolomeo. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website), accessed July 12, 2016.
- Entry on Bartolomeo Pacca on catholic-hierarchy.org ; Retrieved July 12, 2016.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Pacca, Bartolomeo |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Pacca, Bartolomeo the Elder; Pacca, Cardinal Bartolomeo |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian cardinal |
| DATE OF BIRTH | December 25, 1756 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Benevento |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 19, 1844 |
| Place of death | Rome |