Pannonian-Pippau
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Pannonian Pippau ( Crepis pannonica ) |
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| ( Jacq. ) K. Koch |
The CREPIS PANNONICA ( Crepis pannonica ), also Pannonien-Pippau or Hungarian Pippau called, is a plant from the genus Pippau ( Crepis ) in family of Compositae (Asteraceae). It has a wide distribution area in eastern Central , Eastern and Southeastern Europe as well as in Turkey .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Pannonian Pippau is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 50 to 120, in some cases of only 30 centimeters. The plant has a short rhizome that is closed at the bottom by a taproot . One to several unbranched, upright stems arise from the rhizome , which are deeply and irregularly furrowed and densely short-rough haired at the bottom. The plant has a whitish milky sap .
The leaves are noticeably coarse and have very short, stiff hairs ( trichomes ). The lower leaves are short stalked and their leaf blades are broadly lanceolate. The middle and upper leaves are sessile and their leaf blades are broadly elliptical to obovate, slightly toothed on the edge and have an arrow-shaped or rounded base.
Generative characteristics
In a total inflorescence there are 10 to 30 flower heads on cobweb-hairy, arching-upright basket stems , which are upright before opening . The neck of the basket is hardly thickened and the bottom of the basket is hairy. The basket shell is densely spiderweb-tomentose (this hairiness may be missing in older specimens or it can be washed off by the rain) and 12 to 14 millimeters long, the inner bracts are about three times as long as the outer ones and the latter are close to the surface. The flower heads are 4 to 5 centimeters in diameter and contain only yellow ray florets .
The black-brown, unbeaked achenes are 5 to 6 millimeters long and have 15 to 20 ribs. The white cardboard hairs are unbranched.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 8.
Phenology
The blooming time of this hemicryptophyte extends in Central Europe from the end of July to August , sometimes to September .
Occurrence and endangerment
The main distribution area of this Sarmatic-Caucasian- Pontic - Pannonian floral element is in the Ukraine , in southeast Russia , in the Caucasus and in eastern Turkey . The Pannonian Pippau occurs very rarely in Central Europe in Austria , Moravia and southern Slovakia (near Štúrovo ) and Hungary (near Esztergom , Győr and Budapest ).
In the German-speaking area it is only at home in Austria. In Austria, the Pannonian-Pippau occurs exclusively in the Pannonian region in Lower Austria on disturbed semi-arid grassland, on the edges of vineyards and on shrubbery fringes in the colline altitude . Occurrences are known from Bisamberg near Vienna and from Kronawettberg near Hagenbrunn . Crepis pannonica is considered to be critically endangered in Austria.
Systematics and history of discovery
It was first published in 1797 by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin on the basis of plants from Hungary under the basionym Hieracium pannonicum Jacq. Karl Heinrich Koch introduced it in 1851 as Crepis pannonica (Jacq.) K. Koch in the genus Crepis . Another synonym is Crepis rigida Waldst. & Kit. ("Steifer Pippau"), which came about because the species was discovered a second time by the Hungarian-Burgenland botanist Paul Kitaibel and was described under this name in 1800.
Crepis pannonica subsp. blavii (ash.) MA fish. & D.Dimitrova differs from Crepis pannonica subsp. pannonica has thick, sticky, glandular hairs and occurs in Herzegovina and in the Karst of Slovenian- Istria as well as in Croatia and Montenegro.
The first collections on Bisamberg near Vienna were made in 1922 by the Swedish botanist T. Vestergren and on Kronawettberg in 1933 by Otto Wittmer.
photos
The leaves of the basal rosette are coarse and somewhat stiff, the stem is dense and hairy at the bottom.
The middle and upper leaves sit on the stem with an arrow-shaped base.
The stem is deep and irregularly furrowed, the wicker stems are hairy a bit like a cobweb.
The basket covers are densely hairy, spiderweb-like and felty.
Individual evidence
- ^ Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 , p. 815 .
- ^ Gerhard Wagenitz (Ed.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 2nd revised and expanded edition. Volume VI. Part 4: Angiospermae, Dicotyledones 4 (Compositae 2, Matricaria - Hieracium) . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1987, ISBN 3-489-86020-9 , pp. 1140, 1433 (revised reprint of the 1st edition (Volume VI / 2 from 1929) with addendum).
- ↑ a b c d e f Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore). Crepis pannonica . In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 971 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Manfred A. Fischer: The Pannonien-Pippau - the second largest botanical treasure of the Bisamberg. In: Heinz Wiesbauer, Herbert Zettel, Manfred A. Fischer, Rudolf Maier (eds.): The Bisamberg and the Old Schanzen. Diversity on the outskirts of the city of Vienna. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, Nature Conservation Department, St. Pölten 2011, ISBN 978-3-901542-34-3 .
- ^ Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin: Collectanea ad Botanicam, Chemiam et Historiam naturalem spectantia. Volume 5 (Supplementum), Wappler, Vienna 1797 ("1796"), [p. 148 http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/48486#page/156/mode/1up ].
- ^ Karl Heinrich Koch: Contributions to a Flora of the Orient (continuation). In Linnaea. Volume 23, No. 5-6, 1850-1851, pp. 577-713 (here: No. 6, 1851, p. 689 ).
- ^ A b Franz de Paula Adam von Waldstein, Paul Kitaibel: Descriptiones et icones plantarum rariorum Hungariae. Volume 1, MA Schmidt, Vienna 1799–1802, p. 18 , plate 19 .
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 971 .
- Manfred A. Fischer: The Pannonia Pippau - the second largest botanical treasure of the Bisamberg. In: Heinz Wiesbauer, Herbert Zettel, Manfred A. Fischer, Rudolf Maier (eds.): The Bisamberg and the Old Schanzen. Diversity on the outskirts of the city of Vienna. Office of the Lower Austrian State Government, Nature Conservation Department, St. Pölten 2011, ISBN 978-3-901542-34-3 .
