Parthenos sylvia

Parthenos sylvia
Parthenos sylvia
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta) Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera) Family : Noble butterfly (Nymphalidae) Subfamily : Kingfishers (Limenitidinae) Genre : Parthenus Type : Parthenos sylvia
Scientific name
Parthenos sylvia
( Cramer , 1776)

Parthenos sylvia ( Syn. Papilio sylvia ), also known as blue or brown sail butterfly and simply blue sailor or brown sailor , is a butterfly fromthe noble butterfly family (Nymphalidae).

features

butterfly

The wingspan of this large, broad-winged butterfly is 100 to 110 millimeters, other sources only name 60 to 100 millimeters. The top of the wings are dark to orange brown in color with light brown stripes, sickles and spots. There are translucent white spots of different sizes on the tips of the forewings. The edges are colored gray-brown. Narrow brown, vertically arranged stripes run on the hind wings.

The pattern is the same on the underside, only that it is immensely lighter. The body is ringed dark brown and orange.

There are different varieties and subspecies of the butterfly with green, blue, orange or light brown wing base color whereby the pattern is always the same.

Wing underside

Caterpillar

The basic color of the caterpillars is brown or olive green. However, like the butterfly, it can be very different and so there are different color variants. They also have green or yellow stripes with purple spines.

Doll

The doll is either light or olive green in color. It is smooth and has no excesses except for a cremaster on which it hangs.

Behavior and way of life

Males show a strongly territorial behavior and chase all competitors out of their territory. You can see that when it comes to real pursuit flights. They are mainly found high above the forest in the treetops. Adult moths feed on nectar as well as on other vegetable juices of various kinds. Was observed here z. B. lantana ( Lantana ) but they also take up moisture from the ground. In autumn they also take windfalls. Two generations are trained each year. The first in spring and the second in summer, so the flight time extends from February to late October or early November. The females lay their eggs one by one on the leaves of the forage plant. The caterpillars hatch after about 7 days. The life span of the caterpillar then takes a good four weeks until it pupates. The finished butterfly hatches after about two weeks and is then sexually mature immediately.

The caterpillars are very variable in terms of their forage plants, but mainly eat Adenia plants. They are also found on passion flower plants (Passifloraceae) or moon seed plants ( Menispermaceae) such as Tinaspora cordifolia and on cucurbitaceae such as the subspecies Parthenos sylvia lilacinus .

distribution and habitat

The distribution area of ​​the species extends from India and its state Assam over Sri Lanka and the whole Southeast Asian area, mainly Myanmar , Thailand , Malaysia , the islands Borneo , Sumatra , Sulawesi , Java , Bali and the Philippines , to New Guinea . Litter orchards and tropical forests are inhabited here, especially their edges or clearings and river banks. He was also observed in cultural landscapes such as parks or gardens as well as in fields. It rises to heights of 2000 meters to other sources only mention 300 meters.

Subspecies

Several subspecies are distinguished.

• Parthenos sylvia admiralia , Rothschild , 1915 - the archipelago of the Admiralty Islands belonging to the Bismarck Archipelago
• Parthenos sylvia apicalis , Moore , 1878 - Myanmar
• Parthenos sylvia aruana , Moore , 1897 - on the Indonesian archipelago of the Aru Islands
• Parthenos sylvia bandana , Fruhstorfer , 1913 - on the Indonesian archipelago of the Banda Islands
• Parthenos sylvia bangkaiensis , Fruhstorfer , 1913 - on the Indonesian island of Banggai
• Parthenos sylvia bellimontis , Fruhstorfer , 1899 - on the Indonesian island of Borneo
• Parthenos sylvia borneensis , Staudinger , 1889 - in the southeast of the Indonesian island of Borneo
• Parthenos sylvia brunnea , Staudinger , 1888 - on the Indonesian island of Ambon and the vicinity of the Indonesian city of Serang
• Parthenos sylvia couppei , Ribbe , 1898 - on the Bismarck Archipelago
• Parthenos sylvia cyaneus , Moore , 1877 - on Sri Lanka
• Parthenos sylvia ellina , Fruhstorfer , 1899 - on the Indonesian Moluccas Islands, the Bacan Islands , Halmahera , Ternate and Morotai
• Parthenos sylvia gambrisius , Fabricius , 1787 - from the Indian states of West Bengal , eastern part, and Assam in the district of Cachar , Burma and the southern part of the Chinese province of Yunnan
• Parthenos sylvia guineensis , Fruhstorfer , 1899 - in the eastern part of New Guinea
• Parthenos sylvia joloensis , Fruhstorfer , 1899 - on the Sulu Archipelago
• Parthenos sylvia lilacinus , Butler , 1879 - from the Malay Peninsula and there from the states of Malacca and Penang as well as Singapore
• Parthenos sylvia nodrica , Boisduval , 1832 - on the island of Buru in the Indonesian Moluccas
• Parthenos sylvia numita , Fruhstorfer , 1904 - on the Indonesian Moluccas Islands, the Gorom Islands
• Parthenos sylvia obiana , Fruhstorfer , 1904 - on the Obi Islands of the Indonesian Moluccas
• Parthenos sylvia pherekides , Fruhstorfer , 1904 - in the southeast of the Indonesian province of Papua
• Parthenos sylvia pherekrates , Fruhstorfer , 1904 - on Fergusson Island
• Parthenos sylvia philippinensis , Fruhstorfer , 1899 - from the Philippines island of Mindanao
• Parthenos sylvia roepstorfii , Moore , 1897 - on the southern Andaman and Nicobar Islands
• Parthenos sylvia sangira , Talbot , 1932 - Sangier
• Parthenos sylvia salentia , Hopffer , 1874 - on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi
• Parthenos sylvia silvicola , Fruhstorfer , 1898 - on the Indonesian island of Nias
• Parthenos sylvia sumbae , van Eecke , 1933 - on the Indonesian island of Sumba
• Parthenos sylvia sulana , Fruhstorfer , 1899 - on the Indonesian Sula Islands
• Parthenos sylvia sumatrensis , Fruhstorfer , 1899 - on the Indonesian island of Sumatra
• Parthenos sylvia sylla , Donovan , 1798
• Parthenos sylvia sylvia , Cramer , 1776
• Parthenos sylvia theriotes , Fruhstorfer , 1915 - in Collingwood Bay in the Indonesian province of Papua
• Parthenos sylvia thesaurinus , Grose-Smith , 1897 - on the Santa Cruz Islands of the Solomon Islands
• Parthenos sylvia thesaurus , Mathew , 1887 - on the Solomon Islands and Guadalcanal
• Parthenos sylvia tualensis , Fruhstorfer , 1899 - on the Indonesian archipelago of the Kei Islands
• Parthenos sylvia ugiensis , Fruhstorfer , 1913 - on the Solomon island of Ugi
• Parthenos sylvia virens , Moore , 1877 - in South India around the city of Kozhikode and in the Travancore region on the Malabar coast of the Western Ghats of the Konkan coastal region and the Nilgiris district

status

As a rule, he can be found frequently.

swell

literature

• Elizabeth Balmer: Butterflies: Recognizing and Identifying. Parragon Books, 2007, ISBN 9781407512037 , p. 121

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} funet.it , English, accessed on March 1, 2015
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l m} Das Tierlexikon , accessed on February 28, 2015
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Learn about Butterflies , English, accessed on March 1, 2015
4. ↑ ^{a b} Allgäuer Butterfly Adventure World ( Memento of the original from November 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed March 1, 2015 
5. ↑ ^{a b} Samuibutterflies , English, accessed on March 1, 2015

Web links

Commons : Parthenos sylvia  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Photos of butterflies and caterpillars on Butterflies of India (English WP)