Penghu Islands

Penghu
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: Taiwan Central Weather Bureau

	Penghu Islands ; 澎湖群島
	; From top to bottom, left to right: illuminated bridge, port of Jiangjyun, street in Magong, temple in Penghu, fish weirs , bathing beach in Penghu
emblem	flag
State :	Republic of China (Taiwan)
Coordinates :	23 ° 35 ' N , 119 ° 35' E Coordinates: 23 ° 35 '0 " N , 119 ° 35' 0" E
Area :	126.8641 km²
Residents :	102,396 (2016)
Population density :	807 inhabitants per km²
Time zone :	UTC + 8 (Chungyuan time)
Telephone code :	(+886) (0) 6
Postal code :	880-885
ISO 3166-2 :	TW-PEN
District capital :	Magong
Structure :	1 city ( 市 ) ; 5 rural communities ( 鄉 )
Mayor :	Chen Kuang-fu ( 陳光復 ) ( DPP )
Website :	www.penghu.gov.tw
Circle bird:	Small Skylark; ( Alauda gulgula )
Circle flower:	Gaillardia pulchella; (Fam. D. Composites )
Circle tree:	Laurel fig; ( Ficus microcarpa )
	Penghu Islands
	Penghu Islands

The Penghu Islands ( Chinese 澎湖群島 / 澎湖群岛 , Pinyin Penghu Qúndǎo , W.-G. P'eng-hu-tao Ch'ün , Zhuyin ㄆㄥ 'ㄏㄨ' ㄑㄩㄣ 'ㄉㄠ ) are a group of islands in the Taiwan Strait . They are often also Pescadores or Pescadores called, with this name from the Portuguese word for "fishing" ( pescador derived). The island archipelago also forms an administrative unit of the Republic of China , the district of Penghu ( 澎湖縣 / 澎湖县 , Pénghú Xiàn , P'eng-hu Hsien ) in the province of Taiwan .

The group's 64 islands are 50 km from the west coast of Taiwan and 130 km from the coast of mainland China's Fujian Province . The islands have a very dense urban population.

geography

The Penghu Island Archipelago consists of around 90 islands of very different sizes. More than 100 islands are visible at low tide. The archipelago extends about 60 kilometers in a north-south direction and about 40 kilometers in a west-east direction. The islands' coastlines are extremely rugged and shaped by erosion. Their total length is given as about 449 kilometers. In addition to rocky coasts, there are bays, plateaus, cliffs, sandy beaches, etc. The islands are very flat. The highest point is 83 meters on the small island Damao Yu ( 草嶼 ) and the height of the islands decreases the further north you get (64 m Qimei, 54 m Wang'an, 56 m Magong, 24 m Baisha, 18 m Jibei, 14 m Mudou). The Tropic of Cancer runs right through the archipelago .

Of the 90 islands, 19 are permanently inhabited and 71 are uninhabited.

history

Peng-hu was first mentioned in 1171 in unofficial histories and regional reports of the Southern Song Dynasty . From the mid-17th century to 1895, Taiwan and the Pescadores Islands were in the hands of different rulers, initially by pirates. In 1583 Taiwan was "discovered" by the Portuguese , in 1624 Dutch seafarers and the Dutch East India Company occupied the islands for the Dutch colonial empire. In 1661, the Ming Faithful Kingdom under Koxinga followed , and in 1683 the islands came under the control of the Chinese Qing Dynasty . This had to cede the islands together with Taiwan after the lost Sino-Japanese War of 1895 in the Treaty of Shimonoseki to Japan .

In 1943, in the Cairo Declaration , the United States , the United Kingdom and the Republic of China expressed their will to return to the republic all of the territories of China conquered by Japan. These demands were repeated in the Potsdam Declaration of July 26, 1945. After the Japanese withdrew in October 1945, the Republic of China took control of the islands and on January 22, 1946, the newly established Penghu County Administration began its work. In the surrender of Japan following Treaty of San Francisco Japan gave 1951 its claims on Taiwan and the Pescadores to formally. The treaty, which is not recognized by the People's Republic of China , does not specify who should own the islands. To date, they are administered by the Republic of China in Taiwan , but the People's Republic of China regards all of Taiwan, including the pescadors, as a "breakaway province" and a legitimate part of its national territory.

Administrative division and population

The district is divided into a city ( Magong ; 市 , Shì ) and 5 rural communities ( 鄉 / 乡 , Xiāng ). The city is divided into districts ( 里 , Lǐ ) and the rural communities are divided into villages ( 村 , Cūn ). There are a total of 96 villages or districts on the islands. The lowest administrative level are the neighborhoods (鄰 / 邻, Lín ).

Structure of the district

local community	Chinese , pinyin	Area (km²)	District (里, Lǐ ) Village (村, Cūn )	Neighborhood (鄰, Lín )	Residents	Population density ( inhabitants / km² )	Postcode
Magong	( 馬公市 , Mǎgōng )	33.9918	33	627	62.209	1,830	880
Huxi	( 湖西鄉 , Húxī Xiāng )	33.3008	22nd	238	14,506	0436	885
Baisha	( 白沙鄉 , Báishā Xiāng )	20.0875	15th	179	9,789	0487	884
Xiyu	( 西嶼鄉 , Xīyǔ Xiāng )	18.7148	11	167	8,413	0450	881
Wang'an	( 望安鄉 , Wàng'ān Xiāng )	13.7824	09	131	5,185	0376	882
Qimei	( 七美鄉 , Qīměi Xiāng )	6.9868	06th	061	3,854	0552	883
total		126.8641	96	1,403	103,956	0819

climate

The annual mean temperature is around 23.5 ° C with the lowest values in January (around 15.4 ° C) and the highest in July (around 26.6 ° C). Temperatures are moderated by the surrounding ocean. Due to the relatively sparse vegetation, the islands often heat up considerably in summer despite the prevailing southerly wind. In winter, the perceived temperature is often lower than the measured one due to a strong northeast wind. The annual precipitation is a little over 1000 mm, of which 800 mm falls between April and September in the monsoon season . Strong winds can occur especially from October to March. There are two tide swings every day (two low tide and two high tide).

Climate data from the years 1981–2010

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	19.3	19.6	22.4	26th	28.8	30.6	32	31.8	30.7	28.1	24.8	21.1	O	26.3
Min. Temperature (° C)	15.4	15.4	17.4	20.9	23.7	25.6	26.6	26.5	25.9	23.9	20.9	17.4	O	21.7
Temperature (° C)	16.9	17.1	19.5	23	25.7	27.6	28.7	28.6	27.8	25.4	22.4	18.9	O	23.5

Precipitation ( mm )	17.5	50.7	59.5	88.3	118.3	153.9	157.7	181	112.7	28.4	21.2	24.2	Σ	1,013.4

Hours of sunshine ( h / d )	3.6	3.4	4th	5	5.8	6.7	8.5	7.8	7.1	6.1	4.6	4th	O	5.6

Rainy days ( d )	5	7.2	8.9	9.4	9.7	10.1	7.7	8.8	6.8	2.2	3.6	4.1	Σ	83.5

Source: Taiwan Central Weather Bureau

Transport links

Aerial view of the main islands from the southeast

Penghu has three airports, each named after the islands on which they are located: Magong , Qimei and Wang'an . By far the largest of the three is Magong Airport, while Qimei and Wang'an Airports serve mainly feeder functions. There are two major ports, Magong and Longmen-Jianshan, which together function as the Port of Penghu internationally . The former serves mainly as a passenger port, the latter as a cargo port. There are regular ferry services from Magong Port to Kaohsiung , Tainan , Chiayi County and Kinmen .

The main islands of Magong / Huxi, Baisha and Xiyu are connected by bridges. The bridge between Baisha and Xiyu is the longest road bridge in the Republic of China at 2,494 m.

Symbols

The flower of the district is Gaillardia pulchella , a type of cockade flower , which is literally called "Chrysanthemum of the Immortals" ( 天人菊 ). The tree of the district is the laurel fig ( Ficus microcarpa , Chinese banyan ), the fish of the district is the boomerang honeycomb grouper ( Epinephelus quoyanus ) and is the bird of the district, the Little Skylark ( Alauda gulgula ) in the two to Penghu to be found Subspecies A. g. wattersi and A. g. coelivox .

Web links

Commons : Penghu Islands - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Geography. Penghu County, Retrieved February 22, 2019 .

^ Paul F. Langer: Japan between the wars ; in Propylaea World History , Volume IX, Ullstein Verlag, Frankfurt a. M., 1964, p. 234

^ History. Penghu County, Retrieved February 22, 2019 .

↑ Magong's administrative change and development: ... 02/01/99 Republic of China (02/01/2011), incorporation of Xinfu ( 新復里 / 新复里 , Xīnfù lǐ ) in the village communities of Fuxing ( 復興里 / 复兴里 , Fùxīng lǐ ) and Chang'an ( 長安里 / 长安里 , Cháng'ān lǐ ) from Magong, number of villages reduced by 1, number of administrative villages changed to 33 - "馬公行政沿革: .... 民國 99 年 2 月 1 日馬公市新復里併入復興、長安里，減少 1 里，所轄變更為 33 里. " - Chinese: Archived copy ( memento of the original from May 4, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - Retrieved May 12, 2017 - mkcity.gov.tw - Online @1@ 2

^ Port of Penghu. (pdf) twport.com.tw, accessed on February 23, 2019 (English).

^ Penghu Trans-Oceanic Bridge. In: Travel-King. Retrieved July 1, 2016 .

↑ The Landmark of Penghu. Penghu County, accessed December 16, 2017 .

[geo-1] Geography. Penghu County, Retrieved February 22, 2019 .

[2] Paul F. Langer: Japan between the wars ; in Propylaea World History , Volume IX, Ullstein Verlag, Frankfurt a. M., 1964, p. 234

[3] History. Penghu County, Retrieved February 22, 2019 .