Pericles, Prince of Tire

Marina sings for Pericles, Thomas Stothard 1825.

Pericles, Prince of Tire (English Pericles, Prince of Tire ) is a drama by William Shakespeare . The play is about the fate of Pericles, who is stranded on the coast of Pentapolis on the run from the revenge of King Antiochus and there marries the princess Thaisa. Thaisa supposedly dies on a boat trip giving birth to her daughter Marina, her coffin is sunk in the sea and she is resurrected from her death-like state by a miracle doctor in Ephesus. Marina grows up with foster parents, is threatened by them as a young woman, kidnapped by pirates and sold to a brothel in Mytilene. She escapes from there, meets her father again and both are reunited with Thaisa, who lives as a priestess in the temple of Ephesus. Pericles was probably written in 1607. The first performance is believed to be in the first half of 1608. The first print is a four-note from 1609. Pericles is one of Shakespeare's most seldom performed works. The main source was probably the work Historia Apollonii regis Tyri in various later adaptations. Due to the stylistic peculiarities of the text one suspects a co-authorship of George Wilkins . The work is characterized by an experimental style, a mixture of drama and epic narration, with the medieval poet John Gower as the narrator. Since Dowden's definition it has been counted among the romances along with other pieces from Shakespeare's late work.

Overview

Outline of expenses

There are three different text editions of Pericles. In Oxford Shakespeare the uncorrected text of the fourth edition of 1609 is reproduced in the appendix as Appendix A: A diplomatic Reprint of the First Quarto of Pericles (1609). The division is not structured and only the lines from 1-2380 are counted. The Oxford edition itself then offers a so-called Reconstructed Text . It is a compilation of the quarto edition and George Wilkins prose story The Painfull Adventures of Pericles Prince of Tire from 1608. The editors of the Oxford edition have corrected the quarto text based on this prose story and added a total of approx. 70 lines of text. The Reconstructed Text is included in the complete edition and in the individual scientific edition and is divided into 22 scenes. In the commentary of the Oxford Companion there is a different structure with 23 scenes. The last scene No. 22 is divided into two scenes by counting the speech of the narrator Gower as a separate scene. The popular Rough Guide follows this structure . The Arden and NCS editions offer a text that follows the division of the work into five acts as suggested by Malone. The 22 scenes are divided up so that each act is preceded by a larger speech by Gower. The division is as follows: Act I (scenes 1-4); Act II (scenes 5-9); Act III (scenes 10-14); Act IV (scenes 15-19) Act V (scenes 20-22). The English-German study edition, which offers the only current translation of Pericles , uses the text of the Pelican Shakespeare by James G. McManaway from 1961. This also uses the Malone nudes division, but differs slightly from the Arden and NCS Expenditure. In the fourth act, the appearance of the nobles is counted as a separate scene, so that the Arden and NCS scenes IV, 5 in the German edition are divided into a short scene IV, 5 and a longer scene IV, 6.

main characters

There is no list of the actors in the original quarto. The Oxford edition uses an analogous enumeration from Wilkins' prose story The Painfull Adventures of Pericles Prince of Tire . The NCS and Arden editions use "The Actors names" from the second edition of the Third Folio from 1664. The Arden edition constructs a list of actors based on the six different locations. The English-German study edition uses the list based on F3 from the Pelican Shakespeare edition. It almost completely matches the "List of Characters" of the NCS edition.

Told the time and places of the action

Tire Antioch tarsus Ephesus Mytilene Pentapolis

Places of action.

The plot spans more than ten years and takes place during the reign of King Antiochus the Great , who ruled from 223-187 BC. Ruled. At least that is what the references in the two main sources of the drama, Gower's Confessio Amantis and Twines The Patterne of Painfull Adventures, suggest . The locations of the plot are in the order they appear in the play:

• Antioch : what is meant is Antioch on the Orontes, today's Antakya in southern Turkey.
• Tire : is the ancient Tire in what is now South Lebanon.
• Tarsus : this is ancient Tarsus , the birthplace of the apostle Paul .
• Pentapolis : is considered a Greek city in the play, in fact the name stands for the Pentapolis (Kyrenaica) .
• Ephesus : ancient times Ephesus was known for its temple of Artemis .
• Mytilene : is today's Greek port city of Mytilene on the island of Lesbos.

action

Act I - Scene 1-4

[Act I, 0. Prolog. Scene 1] In a prologue, the narrator Gower reports that the powerful King Antiochus of Antioch seduced his daughter to incest after the death of his wife. In order to keep the beauty to himself, he poses a riddle to every suitor who asks for his daughter's hand. Anyone who does not solve the riddle will be executed and many applicants have lost their lives in this way. [Act I, 1. Scene 1] Pericles, the prince of Tire, applies for the beautiful daughter of the king. He recognizes the solution to the riddle, namely that father and lover are identical. Therefore he declares to Antiochus: "Few love to hear the sins they love to act" (Sc. 1, 135), but does not express the solution, so that he has forfeited his life. Antiochus realizes that Pericles found the correct answer and gives him 40 days until the execution is carried out. [Act I, 2. Scene 2] Pericles flees to Tire. But since he fears an attack by Antiochus here too, he temporarily hands over the business of government to his adviser Helicanus and sets off for Tarsus. [Act I, 3rd Scene 3] Thaliart, charged with murdering Pericles by Antiochus, learns in Tire that the prince has already left and decides to tell his employer that Pericles drowned at sea. [Act I, 4th Scene 4] In Tarsus, the governor Kleon and his wife Dionyza complain about the ongoing famine when Perikles, who has arrived, provides them with grain from his ships.

Act II - Scene 5-9

[Act II, 0. Prolog. Scene 5] In his second prologue, Gower summarizes the events of the first act with commentary. His report is interrupted by a dumb show (pantomime play). Then he describes how Pericles set sail again, was shipwrecked and stranded in Pentapolis. [Act II, 1. Scene 5] Pericles is on his way back after a message from Helicanus, but is shipwrecked in a storm and thus arrives at Pentapolis, where Simonides is king. [Act II, 2. Scene 6] Pericles takes part in the knight tournament for the hand of the king's daughter Thaisa. [Act II, 3rd Scene 7] On the evening of the first day he gets to know her better at a banquet; on the following day Thaisa announces to the other knights that she will not marry, whereupon they leave. [Act II, 4th Scene 8] In Tire, Helicanus reports that Antiochus and his daughter were burned by fire from heaven as punishment for their sin. Several lords try to persuade Helicanus to be crowned king, but he steadfastly refused. [Act II, 5th Scene 9] Against the initial resistance of Simonides, Pericles and Thaisa marry.

Act III - scenes 10-14

[Act III, 0. Prolog. Scene 10] Again Gower comments on the events of the previous act. It indicates the wedding night of Pericles and Thaisa. The pregnant Thaisa, her father and her husband appear in a pantomime and learn of the death of Antiochus and his daughter. Then Gower describes how Pericles set off for Tire. [Act III, 1. Scene 11] After Pericles learns of the attempts to make his deputy king, he sets off with his pregnant wife and her nurse Lychordia by sea to Tire. The child is born in a storm, but the nurse has the sad news that Thaisa is dead. It will be handed over to the sea in a box. [Act III, 2. Scene 12] In Ephesus the box with the seemingly dead queen is brought to Cerimon and Philemon. They realize that the person discovered in it is not dead, and Thaisa regains consciousness. [Act III, 3rd Scene 13] Pericles thinks the child who goes by the name Marina will not survive until Tire. Therefore he gives Kleon and Dionyza in the nearby Tarsus for care. [Act III, 4th Scene 14] The last scene of III. The act takes place in Ephesus again. Since Thaisa believes that she will never see her husband again, she decides to lead a chaste life in the temple of the goddess Diana.

Act IV - scenes 15-19

[Act IV, 0. Prolog. Scene 15] Gower reports that years have passed since the last act: Pericles is King of Tire, Thaisa serves as the consecrated Diana and Marina is a young woman in Tarsus. [Act IV, 1. Scene 15] Since she outstrips Kleon and Dionyza's own daughter by far, Dionyza instigates her servant Leonin to kill Marina while walking by the sea. [Act IV, 2. Scene 16 (first brothel scene)] Shortly before the act is carried out, Marina is seized by pirates and sold to a brothel in Mytilene. [Act IV, 3rd Scene 17] In Tarsus, Dionyza has meanwhile poisoned Leonin, who apparently carried out the murder as ordered. [Act IV, 4th Scene 18] Gower reports how Pericles goes to Tarsus to see his daughter again. A "dumb show" shows how he comes to town and how Kleon and Dionyza show the dejected man the alleged grave of his daughter. Pericles is utterly desperate. [Act IV, 5th Scene 19] Two noblemen meet in Mytilene and report on the steadfast Marina. [Act IV, 6. Scene 19 (second brothel scene)] The brothel operators soon discover that Marina converts every one of her customers to virtue, even the governor Lysimachus can experience this for himself.

Act V - Scene 20-22

Marina escapes the brothel and gets into a decent house. Pericles, who has not spoken for three months, finds himself in Mytilene, where Lysimachus declares that he knows a woman who can make him talk again; he has Marina fetched. Indeed, she succeeds in getting Pericles to speak again. The two realize that they are father and daughter. In his sleep, Pericles appears the goddess Diana, who tells him to go to her temple in Ephesus. Pericles and Thaisa can be found there. They decide to travel to their daughter's wedding with Lysimachus; afterwards they plan to spend the rest of their days in Pentapolis while Marina and her husband rule Tire.

Literary templates and cultural references

The plot of the play goes back to the novel Apollonius of Tire . This story was processed into two poems, John Gower's poem Confessio Amantis (c. 1386) and Laurence Twine's prose tale The Patterne of Painfull Adventures (1576). George Wilkins , in turn, used Shakespeare's play as a model for the 1608 story The Painfull Adventures of Pericles Prince of Tire . The author of the Confessio appears in the play as a narrator and commentator. This style figure can also be found in Barnabe Barne's tragedy The Devil's Charter (1607) and the play The Travels of the Three English Brothers (1607) by John Day , William Rowley and Wilkins.

Dating

Title page of the first quarto from 1609.

Shakespeare probably wrote the play between 1606 and 1608, but certainly before 1608. Many scholars prefer the year 1607. The authors of the authoritative Textual Companion also mention 1607. On May 20, 1608, Edward Blount made an entry in the Stationers' Register made and thus secured the printing rights. In the following year 1609 the printer Thomas Creede arranged for the publisher Henry Gosson to print the first quarto print of Pericles.

Text history

The text quality of the quarto from 1609 is very inferior; According to the unanimous opinion of today's editors, this first print contains the worst-preserved text of all Shakespeare's works. All other early editions are reprints of the quarto from 1609. The text version of the first print shows numerous linguistic deficiencies, interchanges prose and verse in print and contains line shifts. In contrast to other bad quartos, however , the corrupted text of the first quarto edition is the only text that still exists today, without it being possible to clarify exactly how this print version came about.

Various editors, such as Wells and Taylor, the publishers of Oxford Shakespeare, suspect that the print was not a handwritten draft manuscript by Shakespeare ( foul paper ), but a text reconstructed from memory ( reported text ) of a theater-goer, or rather one Actor. In contrast, Doreen DelVeccio and Antony Hammond, the editors of the New Cambridge edition from 1998, consider it possible that the text could be based on an incompletely proofread version, which may directly or indirectly derive from Shakespeare's own manuscript. The striking stylistic differences between scenes 1-9 (or acts I and II) and the following scenes 10-22 / 23 (or acts III to IV) have led many Shakespeare scholars to believe that the first part with its simpler and more monotonous language and verse arrangement was not written by Shakespeare; Only the second part reveals the otherwise characteristic features of Shakespeare's late works such as lyrical diction and elliptical syntax or flowing blank verse with numerous enjambements . William Rowley , Thomas Heywood, and George Wilkins were considered co-authors ; today it is mostly assumed to be Wilkins. DelVeccio and Hammond counter this, however, by saying that the change in style does not necessarily indicate different authors, but could be deliberately intended by Shakespeare, and they doubt the thesis of multiple authorship.

For reasons that can no longer be determined with certainty today, however, the work was not included in the folio edition of 1623, the first complete edition of Shakespeare's plays, but only appeared again in 1664 in the third folio edition together with various Shakespeare's Apocrypha . It is possible that the editors of the first folio edition, John Heminges and Henry Condell , as former fellow actors of Shakespeare, had doubts about his authorship or the authenticity of the available artwork. In general, Pericles was considered inauthentic by Shakespeare scholars and editors until the end of the 18th century; It was not until 1790 that the Irish literary scholar and Shakespeare researcher Edmond Malone took the play back into the classic Shakespeare canon in his eleven-volume edition.

Performance history

England and USA

Giorgio Giustinian was the ambassador of Venice in London from January 1606 to November 1608 . He reports having seen a performance of this piece. This could have occurred between April and mid-July 1608 due to the closing dates of the theaters due to plague epidemics. Further performances are recorded for February 2, 1610 by the Cholmely Players in Niderdale and May 24, 1619 at the court in London. After the restoration, the play was played as one of the first works by Shakespeare in 1659/60 by the Duke's Company in the Cockpit Theater under the direction of William Davenant with Thomas Betterton in the lead role. Then it was forgotten for a long time. With the exception of George Lillo's adaptation Marina from 1738, the next performance took place almost two hundred years later. Samuel Phelps' conventional staging, adapted to contemporary tastes through considerable cuts - the figure of Gower, the reference to the incest of King Antiochus, most of the brothel scenes and all offensive words - in Sadler's Wells Theater in London from 1854 was an extraordinary success. The first modern staging and at the same time the first performance of the piece in its original text form since the Restoration took place in 1921 by Robert Atkins at the Old Vic in London. Nugent Monk subsequently directed two performances of Pericles, the first in 1929 at the Maddermarket Theater in Norwich as a Persian fairy tale and in 1947 a less elaborate version at the Stratford Memorial Theater . Tony Richardson also tried to convince in 1958 at the Stratford Memorial with lavish furnishings and a framework in which Gower tells his story of the slave crew of a galley . Fifteen years later, Toby Robertson failed to win over the critics for his work with the Prospect Theater Company (New York). In the greatest possible contrast to the productions by Phelps and Possart, which are bound by a Victorian moral concept, Robertson placed the brothel scenes in Mytilene at the center of the production. In 1969 Terry Hands began a series of productions of Pericles at the Royal Shakespeare Theater . He was followed in 1979 by Ron Daniels with a strongly minimalist stage design and in 1989 by David Thacker . All three productions have in common the use of double roles in order to emphasize parallels in the conduct of the plot and in the characteristics of the characters. Two other productions in the USA attracted particular attention. In 1983, Peter Sellars and the Boston Shakespeare Company presented the power structures in the various locations. For the Shakespeare in the Park festival in New York's Central Park, Michael Greif created Perikles' life journey in 1991 as a 2000-year journey through time that was not criticized Found approval. Phyllida Lloyd 's experimental production from 1994 for the National Theater in London also received little positive feedback from the critics . A success with audiences and critics, however, was Adrian Noble 's 2002 RSC production for the London Roundhouse, based on the Reconstructed Text of the Oxford Edition . An explicitly political message, namely the fate of refugees, was presented by theater director Yukio Ninagawa, known for his Shakespeare productions in Japan, in his guest production at the London National Theater in 2003. Dominic Cooke directed the Pericles production at the Complete Works Festival of the RSC in 2006 .

Germany

The first performance of Pericles in Germany dates from 1882. Ernst Possart's production at the Munich Court Theater was very similar to that of Phelps 30 years earlier. The figure of Gower and everything offensive has been deleted. There were four productions in Germany in the first half of the 20th century. Jocza Savits brought the Perikles again in Munich in 1904, with less success. This was followed by three productions in 1924 in Kiel, Mannheim and Bremen. Hanskarl Zeiser gave the first performance after the Second World War in Bochum in 1968 using Erich Fried's new translation. In 1978 Heinz-Uwe Haus directed a guest production at the German National Theater in Weimar . Haus used Eschenburg's prose translation as the basis of the text and presented the seafaring of the main character as an exemplary journey through life. Pericles was staged as a fairy tale by Augusto Fernandes in 1981 at the Deutsches Schauspielhaus in Hamburg, and two years later Peter Palitzsch brought the play to the stage with the Berlin ensemble . Maik Hamburger was the only one to find words of praise in the chorus of critics who had a negative attitude . The last performances of the piece on larger stages were those of Michael Abendroth in Mainz 1995 and Dominik Wilgenbus 1996 in Kiel. Since then, mainly adaptations of the play by smaller theater troupes have been seen in Germany. In 2011 Stefan Bachmann staged the play in the casino, the secondary theater of the Vienna Burgtheater. Bachmann's Perikles was taken over by Schauspiel Köln in 2014.

Text output

Total expenditure

• Charlton Hinman, Peter WM Blayney (Ed.): The Norton Facsimile. The First Folio of Shakespeare. Based on the Folios in the Folger Library Collection. 2nd edition, WW Norton, New York 1996, ISBN 0-393-03985-4 [Pericles is not included]
• John Jowett, William Montgomery, Gary Taylor, Stanley Wells (Eds.): The Oxford Shakespeare. The Complete Works. 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005, ISBN 978-0-19-926718-7

English

• Doreen Del'Vecchio, Antony Hammond (Eds.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998, ISBN 978-0-521-29710-3
• Suzanne Gosset (Ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Arden Shakespeare. Third Series. Bloomsbury, London 2004, ISBN 978-1-903436-85-1
• Roger Warren (Ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003, ISBN 978-0-19-953683-2

German

• Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Publishing House. Tübingen 2005. ISBN 3-86057-566-X .

literature

Lexicons

• Anthony Davies: Pericles. In: Michael Dobson , Stanley Wells (Eds.): The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, 2nd rev. Edition 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-870873-5 , pp. 317-319.

Overview representations

• Hans-Dieter Gelfert : William Shakespeare in his time. CH Beck Verlag, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-406-65919-5 , p. 383f.
• Ina Schabert (Ed.): Shakespeare Handbook. Time, man, work, posterity. Kröner, 5th, revised and supplemented edition, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-520-38605-2 , pp. 457-463.
• Harold Bloom : Shakespeare. The invention of the human. Berlin Verlag, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-8270-0325-3 , pp. 869-884.
• Marjorie Garber: Shakespeare after all. Anchor Books, New York 2004, ISBN 978-0-385-72214-8 , pp. 754-775.
• Ulrich Suerbaum : The Shakespeare Guide. Reclam, Stuttgart 2006, 3rd rev. Edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-15-020395-8 , pp. 188-195.

Introductions

• Andrew Dickson: The Rough Guide to Shakespeare. 2nd edition, Penguin, New York 2007, ISBN 978-1-85828-443-9 , pp. 292-301.
• Anthony D. Cousins: Shakespeare. The Essential Guide to the Plays. Firefly, Buffalo 2011, ISBN 978-1-55407-928-5 , pp. 216-219.

Investigations on individual topics

• Stanley Wells, Gary Taylor (Eds.): William Shakespeare: A Textual Companion. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1987, ISBN 978-0-393-31667-4 , pp. 556-592.

Edition comments

• Suzanne Gosset (Ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Arden Shakespeare. Third Series. Bloomsbury, London 2004, ISBN 978-1-903436-85-1 pp. 1-163.
• Doreen Del'Vecchio, Antony Hammond (Eds.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998, ISBN 978-0-521-29710-3 , pp. 1-78.
• Roger Warren (Ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003, ISBN 978-0-19-953683-2 , pp. 1-80.
• Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (Ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire. Pericles, Prince of Tire. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005, ISBN 3-86057-566-X , pp. 13–55 and 265–305.

Web links

Commons : Pericles, Prince of Tire  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Pericles, Prince of Tire  - Sources and full texts (English)

• British Library Shakespeare in Quartos Pericles. 1st quarto 1609.
• Pericles, Prince of Tire . German translation by Ludwig Tieck in 1811.

supporting documents

Notes on the citation: in the table of contents of the work, the English-German study edition is cited. This is divided into acts and not into scenes. To facilitate orientation in the English editions, the nudes and scenes are given. Each act begins with a speech by the narrator John Gower. This prologue is referred to as scene 0 in the nudes division of the study edition. The citation for the first movement “To sing a song that old was sung ...” is for the study edition: [Act I, 0,1.]; for the Oxford edition: [Sc. 1.1]. In the Oxford edition there is a continuous versification for a complete scene. The beginning of the action with "Young Prince of Tire ..." is quoted as follows: [Sc. 1.43.] The study edition begins the plot as "scene one" of the first act and starts the counting again. "Young Prince of Tire ..." is then: [Act I, 1,1.]. This is how Arden and NSC output do the same. However, in the Arden edition the prologue is referred to as scene 0 and in the NCS edition as “prologue”. This applies to all files and Gower's respective explanations preceding the files.

1. ^ Roger Warren (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003. pp. 231-286.
2. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 24.
3. ^ John Jowett, William Montgomery, Gary Taylor, Stanley Wells (Eds.): The Oxford Shakespeare. The Complete Works. 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005. pp. 1063-1086.
4. ^ Roger Warren (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003. pp. 91-229.
5. ↑ Michael Dobson, Stanley Wells (Ed.): The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001. Article Pericles by AD (Anthony Davies) pp. 342-344.
6. ^ Andrew Dickson: The Rough Guide to Shakespeare. 2nd edition, Penguin, New York 2007. pp. 292-301.
7. ^ Suzanne Gosset (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Arden Shakespeare. Third Series. Bloomsbury, London 2004. pp. 171-406.
8. ↑ Doreen Del'Vecchio, Antony Hammond (eds.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998. pp. 85-193.
9. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 26.
10. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 212.
11. ^ Roger Warren (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003. pp. 90, 232.
12. ^ Roger Warren (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003. p. 3.
13. ↑ Doreen Del'Vecchio, Antony Hammond (eds.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998. pp. 82-84.
14. ^ Suzanne Gosset (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Arden Shakespeare. Third Series. Bloomsbury, London 2004. pp. 166-170.
15. ^ Suzanne Gosset (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Arden Shakespeare. Third Series. Bloomsbury, London 2004. pp. 166f.
16. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. pp. 56-59.
17. ↑ CA: the great Antiochus, / Of whom that Antioche toke / His first name. PPA: he most famous and mightie king Antiochus. Quoted from: Doreen Del'Vecchio, Antony Hammond (Ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998. p. 83.
18. ↑ Doreen Del'Vecchio, Antony Hammond (eds.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998. p. 84; Suzanne Gosset (Ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Arden Shakespeare. Third Series. Bloomsbury, London 2004. p. 169; Roger Warren (Ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003. p. 123; William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire. English-German study edition. German prose version, notes, introduction and commentary by Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger. Stauffenburg, Tübingen 2005. p. 114. NCS and Arden state that the localization is based on information from the Atlas Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by Abraham Ortelius . Oxford explains that the attribution was first made by Steevens . The study edition traces the assignment back to information in the oldest Latin version of the Historia Apollinii , where the Pentapolitanae Cyrenaeorum terrae is mentioned.
19. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act I, 0, 25f.
20. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act II, 0, 1-26.
21. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act II, 0, 16.
22. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act II, 0.27-40.
23. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act IV, 4.1-12.
24. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act IV, 4.41.
25. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act IV, 5.55.
26. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act III, 0.10f.
27. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act III, 0.14.
28. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act III, 0.15-60.
29. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act III, 1,1-14.
30. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act III, 1.15-18.
31. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act III, 1.47-49.
32. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act III, 2.49f.
33. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act III, 2.97.
34. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act III, 3,12-17.
35. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. Act III, 4,7-10.
36. ↑ Ina Schabert (Ed.): Shakespeare Handbook. Kröner, Stuttgart 2009. p. 459.
37. ↑ Ina Schabert (Ed.): Shakespeare Handbook. Kröner, Stuttgart 2009. p. 457: between 1606 and 1608.
38. ↑ Michael Dobson, Stanley Wells (Ed.): The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001. Article Pericles by AD (Anthony Davies) p. 342: "... not later than 1608".
39. ↑ Doreen Del'Vecchio, Antony Hammond (eds.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998. p. 1: "... it seems likelier that it was written in 1607."
40. ^ The Oxford Shakespeare. The Complete Works. Second edition. Edited by John Jowett, William Montgomery, Gary Taylor and Stanley Wells. OUP 2005. S. x: 1607.
41. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 13: "Most likely written in 1607."
42. ^ Stanley Wells and Gary Taylor: William Shakespeare: A Textual Companion. Oxford 1987. p. 130.
43. ↑ Ina Schabert (Ed.): Shakespeare Handbook. Kröner, Stuttgart 2009. pp. 457f.
44. ↑ Cf. Ulrich Suerbaum : The Shakespeare Guide. Reclam, Stuttgart 2006, 3rd rev. Edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-15-020395-8 , pp. 191f. See also Anthony Davies: Pericles. In: Michael Dobson, Stanley Wells (Eds.): The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, 2nd rev. Edition 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-870873-5 , p. 317, as well as Ina Schabert (Ed.): Shakespeare-Handbuch. Time, man, work, posterity. Kröner, 5th revised and supplemented edition, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-520-38605-2 , p. 458, and Anthony Davies: Pericles. In: Michael Dobson, Stanley Wells (Eds.): The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, 2nd rev. Edition 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-870873-5 , p. 317
45. ↑ See John Jowett, William Montgomery, Gary Taylor, Stanley Wells (Eds.): The Oxford Shakespeare. The Complete Works. 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005, p. 1059, and Doreen Del'Vecchio, Antony Hammond (Ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998, pp. 8-15. See also Ina Schabert (Ed.): Shakespeare-Handbuch. Time, man, work, posterity. Kröner, 5th, revised and supplemented edition, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-520-38605-2 , p. 458.
46. ↑ Cf. Ulrich Suerbaum : The Shakespeare Guide. Reclam, Stuttgart 2006, 3rd rev. Edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-15-020395-8 , p. 190. See also Ina Schabert (Ed.): Shakespeare-Handbuch. Time, man, work, posterity. Kröner, 5th, reviewed and supplemented edition, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-520-38605-2 , p. 458, and Anthony Davies: Pericles. In: Michael Dobson, Stanley Wells (Eds.): The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001, 2nd rev. Edition 2015, ISBN 978-0-19-870873-5 , p. 317.
47. ^ Roger Warren (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The Oxford Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2003. p. 1. Doreen Del'Vecchio, Antony Hammond (Eds.): William Shakespeare: Pericles. The New Cambridge Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1998. p. 1.
48. ^ Hans-Dieter Gelfert: William Shakespeare in his time. Beck Publishing House. Munich 2014. p. 383.
49. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 13.
50. ↑ Ina Schabert (Ed.): Shakespeare Handbook. Kröner, Stuttgart 2009. p. 462.
51. ↑ Michael Dobson, Stanley Wells (Ed.): The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001. p. 344.
52. ^ Andrew Dickson: The Rough Guide to Shakespeare. 2nd edition, Penguin, New York 2007. p. 298.
53. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 45.
54. ↑ Michael Dobson, Stanley Wells (Ed.): The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2001. p. 344.
55. ^ Dale Moffitt: Pericles and the Prospect Theater . in: Pericles: Critical Essays. Edited by David Skeele . Pp. 278-287. Quoted from Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 47.
56. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. S. 47f.
57. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 49.
58. ↑ Lois Potter: Song of Excess , TLS July 12, 2002; Michael Billington, "Pericles," The Guardian July 8, 2002. cit. after Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 50.
59. ^ Andrew Dickson: The Rough Guide to Shakespeare. 2nd edition, Penguin, New York 2007. p. 300.
60. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 50.
61. ^ Savits, Jocza (1847–1915), actor, director and writer
62. ↑ ShJb 61 (1925) p. 177. cit. based on: Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. P. 51.
63. ^ Heinz-Uwe Haus at the University of Delaware
64. ↑ Heinz-Uwe Haus: “From the conception of the Weimar Pericles staging.” In: ShJb Ost 115 (1979) pp. 77–82. quoted after Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. P. 51.
65. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. p. 52.
66. ↑ Annabarbara Pelli-Ehrensperger (ed.): William Shakespeare: Pericles, Prince of Tire / Pericles, Fürst von Tyrus. English-German study edition. Stauffenberg Verlag, Tübingen 2005. S. 53f.
67. ↑ Perikles on www.schauspiel.koeln