Philip III (Spain)

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King Philip III from Spain and Portugal
Philip on horseback (painting by Diego Velázquez , 1635)

Philip III - Spanish Felipe III - (born April 14, 1578 in Madrid ; † March 31, 1621 ibid) was a monarch from the Spanish line of the House of Habsburg ( Casa de Austria ).

From 1598 to 1621 he was as Felipe III king of Spain and the associated world empire , as Filippo II king of Sicily and Naples , as well as Filipe II king of Portugal and Filippo II king of Sardinia .

biography

Philip III was born as the fifth son of Philip II of Spain and his fourth wife Anna of Austria . His paternal grandfather (or maternal great-grandfather, see pedigree) was Emperor Charles V.

What had already been announced in 1588 with the defeat of the Spanish Armada , now, ten years later, took shape: the decline of the Spanish Empire began. Philip III, the son of King Philip II, who had led Spain to its zenith, was only like his father in his piety. Politically ignorant, he placed the government in the hands of favorites, above all in the hands of the Duke of Lerma , who led him in 1609 to drive the Moriscos (Moors converted to Catholicism; approx. 275,000) from Spain, which had catastrophic effects on the The kingdom's economy . After all, Philip III. In 1604 a peace was made with England , thus ending the costly war . He signed the Oñate treaty with the Austrian branch of the Habsburg family . He renounced his claims to the successor to Emperor Matthias and received territorial promises in return. He intervened in the beginning of the Thirty Years War by sending Emperor Ferdinand II troops. Philip III died in 1621. 42-year-old after 23 years in government, after having been in poor health for a long time. He was buried in the Pantheon of the Kings of the Monastery of El Escorial .

health

Philip III, whose parents were closely related (uncle and niece), also married a princess from the German line of the House of Habsburg. The trend towards marriages between members of the German and Spanish line of the House of Habsburg continued in the following generation under Philip IV. This had fatal consequences, especially for the Spanish line of the house. To Charles II. , A grandson of Philip III., Showed a result of centuries of inbreeding between the two Habsburg lines marked degeneration. While a person in the fifth generation normally has 32 different ancestors, there were only ten due to intra-family marriages, and seven of his eight great-grandparents were descended directly from Joan the Mad (see article on Philip IV. ) With the severely disabled Charles II. should die out in the year 1700 the Spanish line of the Habsburgs. Philip III was also involved in this development. complicit in his family marriage.

progeny

On April 18, 1599, Philip married his second cousin Margaret of Austria , a daughter of Archduke Charles II of Austria and Maria Anna of Bavaria, in Valencia .

A total of eight descendants resulted from the marriage with Margarete:

ancestors

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Philip I (Castile) (1478–1506)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charles V (HRR) (1500–1558)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joan of Castile (1479–1555)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Philip II (Spain) (1527–1598)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Manuel I (Portugal) (1469–1521)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Isabella of Portugal (1503–1539)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mary of Aragon (1482-1517)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Philip III (Spain) (1578-1621)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ferdinand I (HRR) (1503–1564) (brother of Charles V)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maximilian II (HRR) (1527–1576)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (1503–1547)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anna of Austria (1549–1580)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Charles V (HRR) (1500–1558)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mary of Spain (1528-1603)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Isabella of Portugal (1503–1539)
 
 
 
 
 
 

The family tree shows - although only reaching as far as the great-grandparents - the Habsburg family's marriage policy, which has been pursued over several generations: the Spanish and Austrian lines married each other over and over again over several generations.

See also

literature

  • Paul C. Allen: Philip III and the Pax Hispanica, 1598-1621: The Failure of Grand Strategy. Yale University Press, New Haven et al. a. 2000, ISBN 0-300-07682-7 .

Web links

Commons : Philip III. (Spain)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Constantin von Wurzbach : Karl, Infant von Spanien .  No. 135. In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 6th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1860, p. 364 ( digitized version ).
predecessor Office successor
Philip II King of Spain
1598–1621
Philip IV
Philip II King of Naples
1598–1621
Philip IV
Philip II King of Sicily
1598–1621
Philip IV
Philip II King of Sardinia
1598–1621
Philip IV
Philip II Duke of Milan
1598–1621
Philip IV
Philip II Duke of Luxembourg
1598–1621
Philip IV
Philip II King of Portugal
1598–1621
Philip IV
Diego of Austria Prince of Asturias
1584–1598
Philip of Austria and Austria-Styria