Philipp Jakob Manz

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Philipp Jakob Manz

Philipp Jakob Manz (born December 2, 1861 in Kohlberg (Württemberg) ; † January 2, 1936 in Stuttgart ) was a German architect . Its contribution to industrial architecture was of particular importance .

parents house

Born in 1861 as the illegitimate child of the butcher's daughter Rosine Katherine Schaich (1840–1876), Philipp Jakob Manz grew up in a rural area in Urach . He was named after his stepfather Johann Jakob Manz (1837-?). Despite the prevailing agriculture, a few factories had settled in the immediate vicinity. His mother and stepfather worked in the textile industry, so as a child he experienced rural and industrial life at the same time. His mother died when Manz was 14 years old, and so he went to Stuttgart with his father to begin an apprenticeship as a bricklayer and stone cutter with a construction company .

Education

As a 16-year-old from 1875, Manz began studying architecture and the building trade at the Royal Württembergische Baugewerkschule Stuttgart - today's Stuttgart University of Technology with Joseph von Egle , Karl Wilhelm Bareiss , F. (or L.) Rauscher and Emil Otto plaque on. Already very practical at the time, the students had their theoretical lessons in winter, and then in summer to gain practical experience on construction sites or in offices. At that time, the building trade schools trained builders and craftsmen in various trades . The career prospects of the young graduates were extremely favorable after overcoming the start-up crisis . Most of them worked as builders or foremen or as construction secretaries in the civil service, for the military administration and in municipal building authorities.

The training was strongly influenced by historicism . Composition instead of construction was the maxim in whose spirit Manz learned.

His preferred teacher Otto Tafel, who was also successful in the field of engineering and factory architecture, took a different doctrine. For him, versatility, flexibility and openness were in the foreground. In this way he played a key role for Philipp Jakob Manz. In addition to his regular lectures, Manz also attended courses in hydraulic engineering, which gave him qualifications in mathematics, hydrostatics, surveying technology and the like. After six semesters, Philipp Jakob Manz left the building trade school without a degree. (The Architekturzentrum Wien, on the other hand, lists his degree in hydraulic engineering and the master builder examination for 1882.)

Professional background

For ten years Manz gained practical experience in the architecture office of his former teacher Otto Tafel. There he was involved in the designs of Otto's factory in Unterboihingen, the Olga-Heilanstalt in Stuttgart, the Oberamtskrankenhaus in Tettnang and the Castell Castle in Tägerwilen (Switzerland). These years oriented Manz towards industrial architecture and public secular architecture.

At the age of 30 he opened his own architecture office in Kirchheim unter Teck , which at the time attracted many entrepreneurs who were keen to build as a company location. With the designs for the Quist metal goods factory in Esslingen and the Held & Teufel cotton spinning mill in Schwäbisch Hall, he continued the formal language he had acquired at Tafel and established his reputation as a qualified industrial architect. With the additional conception of workers 'settlements and factory owners ' villas, Manz combined the entire construction needs of an industrial company in one architect's hand, which was unusual at the time and contributed significantly to its success (examples: textile company Heinrich Otto Söhne in Wendlingen and textile factory Adolff in Backnang ).

In 1900 he moved to Stuttgart and specialized in industrial trade and corporate projects. The main focus on functional planning and new concepts for cost-saving, innovative industrial hall designs made the Manz office known in Germany and neighboring countries. In 1905 he founded a branch in Vienna and expanded his activities to Austria-Hungary, Bavaria, Baden and Silesia. Manz buildings can be found all over Central Europe: in Austria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Poland, France, but particularly in southwest Germany.

In the offices he employed up to 100 architects who designed 80-100 or more buildings a year. Manz was one of the leading industrial architects of his time and his work shaped the industrial landscape. He was the first freelance architect to specialize in industrial construction in the south-west of Germany and, since the 1890s, has expanded the company into the largest industrial construction office in Germany. The building boom in the southern German textile industry that began around the turn of the century enabled the enormous success of the Manz office with the construction of multi-storey spinning mills and promoted the spread of its architecture throughout Europe.

The Manz office was still an exception during its lifetime. With the advent of large construction companies in Germany before 1914, it was exposed to ever increasing competitive pressure.

During the First World War, construction contracts fell dramatically in Germany. The Manz office was one of the few to implement important concrete architectures in collaboration with leading construction companies. Manz himself was seen as disciplined, strict and well organized, but also as choleric and dominated by activism. Work and business trips had absolute priority. After his death, his son Max (* 1896) continued the Stuttgart architecture office.

Honor and memory

In recognition of his achievements, Manz received the honorary title of royal Württemberg building officer in 1912 .

Many of the impressive industrial buildings have been sacrificed to new urban developments over time. All the more efforts are being made today to preserve existing Manz buildings and to use them for new purposes such as museums and cultural centers. Examples:

family

Philipp Jakob Manz had been married to Else Nestel (1870-after 1938) since 1895 and had three children: Max (1896-1968), Hedwig (1897-?) And Gertrud (1906-?). Her son, government builder Max Manz, was like his father an architect and worked in Stuttgart and Vienna.

Rating

Philipp Jakob Manz is considered a pioneer and consistent advocate of functional building. His work gave essential impulses for the modern in the secular architecture.

The buildings show the respective architectural-historical status: His first buildings still in the formal language learned at Tafel as vertically emphasized, unplastered brick buildings with strong relief and emphasized function-related axes. The factory buildings built by U. Gminder in Reutlingen in 1903 document the transition from the historical to the modern rectangular windows and in 1904 the municipal public baths and the power station in Heidenheim the gradual reintroduction of plastered construction. The Schnabl paper factory in Vienna, built in 1908, shows the beginnings of reinforced concrete skeleton construction and the F. Müller press factory in Esslingen in 1910 marks the arrival and the Gräf & Stift automobile factory in Vienna , built in 1916, shows the application of neoclassicism in industrial construction.

Shortly before 1930, the technical form developed through the Bauhaus style into a means of expression of a new aesthetic and cultural symbol in commercial construction. Contemporary German architecture criticism and fellow architects paid little attention to Manz. Architectural history after 1945 also showed little interest in him. Experts attribute this to the fact that the largely autodidact and former student of the Stuttgart building trade school was accused of his "low" educational background in terms of architecture. His architectural design style was not considered extraordinary, but contemporary and average.

Its real significance for the history of industrial construction is neglected in this consideration. While in the Anglo-Saxon countries, which were characterized early by industrialization, the professional profile of the specialized industrial architect was known and respected since the middle of the 19th century, industrial construction in the German countries was considered an unpopular, almost inferior building task. Because of the separation (already in training) between architectural design and technical engineering knowledge, there was a lack of freelance industrial architects. As a young architect, Manz decided to explore the basics on site and went to Great Britain and probably also to the USA. There he got to know the rules and achievements of modern business administration, especially US research on the rationalization of building practice, and was one of the first "entrepreneur architects" to apply them in Germany. Rationalization and the rapid implementation of building projects became Manz's trademark. In Germany and Austria-Hungary he was nicknamed "Blitzarchitekt".

In international comparison, Manz was a late representative of the industrial architect profession, but was a pioneer in this field during the period of high industrialization in the German Empire. Historically, it is in a line of development that began with the so-called "millworker" in Great Britain at the beginning of the 19th century and found its first prominent representative in the engineer and industrial architect Sir William Fairbairn , the pioneer of industrial construction.

buildings

Factory building for FW Quist, Esslingen
Kottern weaving mill in Kempten
Bleiche and water tower of the industrial estate "Stromeyersdorf". Erected between 1905 and 1912 by the Konstanz textile company Stromeyer according to plans by Philipp Jacob Manz .
Factory building for the Austrian "Union" Electricity Company in Vienna, Dr.-Otto-Neurath-Gasse (1917–1921)

(incomplete)

  • 1894–1906 in Kirchheim unter Teck : Factory building for the screw and flange factory Emil Helfferich
  • 1896 in Schwäbisch Hall : Factory building for the Held & Teufel cotton spinning mill
  • 1897 in Tuttlingen , Möhringer Strasse: Administration building for the AG für Feinmechanik vorm. Jetter & Scheerer (later Aesculap ). For over four decades, until the 1940s, Philipp Jakob Manz's industrial construction office planned and built this company's main plant, including the associated workers 'and employees' apartments, as a "custom-made factory".
  • from 1897 in Esslingen am Neckar : Factory building for FW Quist
  • 1899–1901 in Bietigheim : Factory for “Germania” Linoleumwerke AG
  • 1902 in Stuttgart, Bopserstr. 30/32: Double tenement house for Emil Heckel, engraver
  • 1903 in Augsburg: Berneis-Wessels shoe factory
  • 1903/1904 in Heidenheim an der Brenz : Städtisches Volksbad (converted to a museum)
  • 1904 in Stuttgart, Haußmannstrasse 103: Factory building for the curtain weaving mill L. Joseph & Cie.
  • 1904–1907 and 1909/1910 in Kornwestheim : Salamander -Werke
  • 1905 in Göppingen , Sauerbrunnengasse: Storage, shipping and exhibition building for the Schuler company
  • 1905–1912 in Konstanz : “Stromeyersdorf” industrial estate for the L. Stromeyer company
  • 1906 in Stuttgart: Textilfabrik Schmidt Co.
  • 1907 in Stuttgart, Lindenspürstraße 39: Factory building for the knitwear factory Wilhelm Bleyle oHG
  • 1907–1908 in Freckenhorst , Industriestrasse: Factory building for the H. Brinkhaus textile factory
  • 1908 in Vienna (XIXth district), Kreilplatz 11: Factory building for the Schnabl & Co. paper mill.
  • 1908–1909 in Mannheim -Waldhof, Sandhofer Straße: various factory buildings for the paper mill "Papyrus" AG (from 1931 Zellstoffabrik Waldhof , today SCA Hygienepapiere GmbH ) (under monument protection) with the associated workers' settlement (called "Papyrus Colony")
  • 1909 in Friedrichshafen (Lake Constance): factory ( airship yard) of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH
  • 1909 in Kempten (Allgäu) , Füssener Straße 41: director's villa for the mechanical cotton spinning and weaving mill in Kempten
  • 1909–1910 in Augsburg , Otto-Lindenmeyer-Straße 30: Factory building (so-called "Glass Palace") for the mechanical cotton spinning and weaving mill Augsburg AG (in the Aumühle plant)
  • 1910 in Esslingen am Neckar : Press factory for the Fritz Müller machine factory
  • 1912 in Stuttgart: " Königin-Charlotte-Gymnasium "
  • 1912–1913 in Emsdetten : Factory building for the Schilgen & Werth jute spinning mill
  • from 1913 in Greven (Westphalia): Factory for the Greven cotton spinning mill
  • 1913 in Steyr (Upper Austria): Arms factory for the Austrian Arms Factory
  • 1913–1923 in Nuremberg: Factory building of the United Fränkische Schuhfabriken (neo-classical factory in reinforced concrete construction)
  • Around 1914 in Steyr (Upper Austria): Aero engine and automobile factory for the Austrian Arms Factory
  • 1914 in Speyer , Prinz-Luitpold-Strasse 4: Meyer residential building
  • 1914–1917 in Cologne- Deutz: Factory building for mechanical sewing and embroidery FW Brügelmann Sons (significantly changed)
  • 1915–1918 in Karlsruhe , Lorenzstrasse: Factory for the Deutsche Waffen- und Munitionsfabriken AG (DWM) (today's center for art and media )
  • 1916 in Osnabrück : Factory building for the FH Hammersen AG
  • 1916 in Vienna (XIXth district), Weinberggasse 76: Automobile factory Gräf & Stift
  • 1916–1918 in Schramberg (Black Forest): Factory building (so-called "terrace building") for the watch factory Gebr. Junghans AG
  • 1917–1921 in Vienna (XXII. District), Dr.-Otto-Neurath-Gasse: factory building (so-called “large machine hall”) for the Austrian “Union” electricity company
  • 1922–1923 in Heidenheim an der Brenz: Factory building for Württembergische Cattunmanufaktur AG (WCM)
  • 1923 in Lindenberg im Allgäu : Factory building (with boiler house and chimney) for the Reich hat factory
  • 1925 in Pfullingen (Württemberg), Klosterstrasse 145: Factory building for the Unterhausen cotton spinning mill (BSU)
  • 1925 in Rheine (Westphalia): Factory building for the Carl Kümpers Söhne textile factory
  • 1925–1926 in Marktschorgast (Upper Franconia): factory building for the Hohf & Zimmermann spinning and twisting mill
  • 1927–1928 in Nordhorn , Friedrich-Ebert-Straße 98: factory building for the spinning and weaving mill Ludwig Povel & Co.
  • 1928 in Rheine, Schwedenstrasse: Factory building for the Dyckhoff spinning mill
  • 1928–1929 in Nordhorn, Prollstrasse 1: factory building for the cotton colored spinning and weaving mill Niehus & Dütting (later "NINO" )
  • 1929 in Stuttgart, Kronenstrasse: Ulrichsbau office and commercial building

literature

Web links

Commons : Philipp Jakob Manz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Julius Fekete:  Manz, Philipp Jakob. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 99 ( digitized version ).
  2. ^ A b c d Education, professional career and vita of Philipp Jakob Manz from the Architekturzentrum Wien.
  3. ↑ a b c d Specialized in constructive design. The innovative industrial architect Manz…  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Lindenberg active. the monthly city newspaper for the center of the Western Allgäu. CM Concept and Text, Lindau October 2012, p. 4. @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.lindenberg-aktiv.de  
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Kerstin Renz: Industrial architecture in the early 20th century. The office of Philipp Jakob Manz. 2005.
  5. ↑ Press release of May 1, 2005 on the exhibition The 'Custom-Made Factory' by the architect Philipp Jakob Manz for Aesculap. in the university library of the University of Stuttgart.
  6. ^ Archive of the Stuttgart Building Law Office
personal data
SURNAME Manz, Philipp Jakob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect
DATE OF BIRTH December 2, 1861
PLACE OF BIRTH Kohlberg (Württemberg)
DATE OF DEATH January 2, 1936
Place of death Stuttgart