Cubeb pepper
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Cubeb pepper ( Piper cubeba ) |
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Cubeb (also cubes pepper ) or stem pepper ( Piper cubeba ) is a plant from the genus pepper in the family of piperaceae (Piperaceae). It is used as a herb and medicinal plant. The fruits of the plant are also called cubeb pepper, the individual fruit is called kubebe (plural: cubebs ).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The cubeb pepper is a perennial climbing plant . The smooth leaves are pointed. The shrubs reach heights of up to six meters.
Generative characteristics
Relatively small, white flowers stand together in an annual inflorescence . The botanist John Parkinson describes the fruits as "small, somewhat sweet berries, no bigger than peppercorns, but rougher and more furrowed and not as firm [...] and each has a short, little stem that looks like a tail."
distribution
The cubeb pepper, also called Indian pepper , is native to Java and other Indonesian islands . It is also grown in other areas of Indonesia and Sri Lanka .
Harvest and processing
The stone fruits are harvested green and dried in the sun until they are deep brown-black.
ingredients
The fruits contain 7 to 18 percent essential oil . Other important ingredients are fatty oil , resins (cubebic acid), cubebin , piperidine and only about 0.4% of the piperine, which is responsible for the sharpness of black pepper . The essential oil is rich in sesquiterpenes (α- and β- cubebs , copaene , β-bisabolene , β- caryophyllene , δ- Cadinen ) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes ( cubebol , nerolidol ), but also monoterpenes (α- thujene , sabinene , myrcene , α- pinene , camphene , limonene ).
use
history
Cubebas (from Arabic kubâba from Latin cubeba ) are the unripe fruits of the plant species formerly known as Cubeba officinalis L. In China , cubebs have long been used in medicine for healing purposes. They reached the west through Arab traders and were valued (for example for coughs) as a remedy and as a spice . They were in common use until the 17th century and were occasionally adulterated with juniper berries . In his “Theatrum Botanicum” of 1640, Parkinson reports that the King of Portugal banned the sale of cubebs in order to promote black pepper . By the 19th century, cubebs had already disappeared from the market.
kitchen
Cubebs have a warm, turpentine-like aroma. The taste is bitter-eucalyptus-like with a slightly bitter aftertaste. Parkinson called it spicy and a little bitter. Cubebs are still used in spice mixes like Ras el-Hanout and in Indonesian cuisine. The cubeb pepper is used to flavor stomach liqueurs, spicy sauces and is part of the gingerbread spice . It goes particularly well with meat and vegetable dishes.
Medicinal plant
Cubebs have been used as a remedy since ancient times and are still valued in the east. They have an expectorant effect and are used in remedies for breathing difficulties. Cubebs have antiseptic properties. In folk medicine, the dried fruits are used for inflammatory and bacterial diseases of the urinary tract, also as an expectorant for chronic bronchitis, uncrushed for headaches (dizziness), poor memory and to increase the sexual drive. Cubeb pepper was Medicinal Plant of the Year 2016.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Waldemar Ternes , Alfred Täufel, Lieselotte Tunger, Martin Zobel (ed.): Food Lexicon . 4th, comprehensively revised edition. Behr, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-89947-165-2 . , P. 1003
- ^ Piper in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
- ↑ Carsten Blum: Analysis and Sensory Analysis of Spice Extracts and Spice Oils. Dissertation Hamburg, University, Chemistry, 1999. DNB 957585888
- ↑ Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. Birkhäuser, Basel / Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-7643-0755-2 , p. 131.
- ↑ Nabil Osman (Ed.): Small lexicon of German words of Arabic origin. 3. Edition. Munich 1992, p. 78.
- ↑ Udo Benzenhöfer : Johannes' de Rupescissa Liber de consideratione quintae essentiae omnium rerum German. Studies on Alchemia medica from the 15th to 17th centuries with a critical edition of the text. Stuttgart 1989, p. 133.
- ↑ Barbara Fehringer: The "Speyer herb book" with the medicinal plants of Hildegard von Bingen. A study on the Middle High German “Physica” reception with a critical edition of the text. Würzburg 1994 (= Würzburg medical historical research. Supplement 2), p. 99.
- ↑ Gundolf Keil : "blutken - bloedekijn". Notes on the etiology of the hyposphagma genesis in the 'Pommersfeld Silesian Eye Booklet' (1st third of the 15th century). With an overview of the ophthalmological texts of the German Middle Ages. In: Specialized prose research - Crossing borders. Volume 8/9, 2012/2013, pp. 7–175, here: p. 69, note 554.
- ↑ Small encyclopedia of medicinal plants by Thomas Schöpke, Institute for Pharmacy - University of Greifswald. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008 ; accessed on May 4, 2016 .
- ↑ Cubeb Pepper named Medicinal Plant of the Year 2016. NHV Theophrastus, accessed on July 21, 2016 .
Web links
Hawthorn (1990) | Ribwort plantain (1993) | Coltsfoot (1994) | Real St. John's Wort (1995) | Great nettle (1996) | Field horsetail (1997) | Sage (1998) | Mullein (1999) | Rosemary (2000) | Thyme (2001) | Real chamomile (2002) | Mistletoe / Sage (2003) | Common yarrow / centaury (2004) | Lein (2005) | Lemon balm (2006) | Scented Violets (2007) | Real Lavender (2008) | Marigold (2009) | Clove Tree (2010) | Rosemary (2011) | Coloquin (2012) | Damascus Rose (2013) | Anise (2014) | Onion (2015) | Cubeb Pepper (2016) | Daisies (2017) | Ginger (2018) | Genuine St. John's Wort (2019) | Common Wegwarte (2020)