Presidential election in Egypt 2012

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The first round of the 2012 presidential election in Egypt was held on May 23 and 24, 2012. On 16 and 17 June 2012 There was a runoff between Mohammed Morsi of the Islamist Freedom and Justice Party and being beaten as an independent candidate Ahmed Shafik , who under the ousted President Hosni Mubarak as minister and from 30 January to 3rd March 2011 had served as Prime Minister . The results were announced on June 24, 2012. Mursi won the election with 51.7 percent against Schafiq (48.3 percent).

Egyptians living abroad were able to cast their votes in their country's embassies and consulates from May 11th.

The election was the second presidential election in Egyptian history, following the 2005 elections , in which more than one candidate ran. Together with the parliamentary elections in 2011 and the election to the Shura Council in 2012, it is an important intermediate step in the social change that went hand in hand with the revolution in Egypt in 2011 . The second round of voting was overshadowed by a controversial ruling by the Egyptian Constitutional Court that declared the parliamentary elections unconstitutional . The judgment led to the dissolution of parliament . The court confirmed that Schafiq, who is close to the Mubarak regime, was allowed to run for the presidential election.

Modalities

The electoral law for the presidential election was published on January 30, 2012. The candidates had to have been born in Egypt to Egyptian parents, were not allowed to have dual citizenship and not be married to a foreigner. To be nominated, they needed the support of at least 30 MPs or 30,000 eligible voters. The formal registration process for candidates began on March 10th and ended on April 8th.

The final list of the 13 candidates for the presidential election was announced on April 26, 2012.

Participating candidates

Main candidates (selection)
Amr Moussa at the 37th G8 Summit in Deauville 054.jpg Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2012.jpg Mohamed Morsi-05-2013.jpg Khaled Ali.jpg Hisham Bastawisy.JPG
Amr Mussa Abdel Moneim Abul Futuh Ahmad Schafiq Hamdin Sabahi Mohammed Mursi Khaled Ali Mohamed Selim El-Awa Hisham Bastawisi
Last Secretary General of the Arab League and former Foreign Minister of Egypt. General Secretary of the Union of Arab Medicines and Ex-Member of the Leadership Council of the Muslim Brotherhood . Air Force General and last Prime Minister under Hosni Mubarak . Chairman of the Nassist Party of Dignity . Chairman of the Freedom and Justice Party , reserve candidate of the Muslim Brotherhood due to the non-admission of Chairat el-Schater . Lawyer and labor activist; Ex-chairman of the Center for Economic and Social Rights; Founder of the Hisham Mubarak Law Center . Ex-General Secretary of the Union of Muslim Scholars and Chairman of the Association for Culture and Dialogue . Judge and Vice President of the Egyptian Court of Cassation, nominated by the Tagammu Party .

More presidential candidates

Abdulla Alaschaal , candidate of the Salafist Authenticity Party , retired ambassador and former assistant to the Foreign Minister, withdrew his candidacy on May 12, 2012 in favor of Mohammed Morsi . Mohammad Fawzi Isa , candidate of the Democratic Generation Party , had also withdrawn his candidacy on May 16, 2012 and spoke in favor of Amr Musa . However, since the official deadline for withdrawing candidacies had already passed, their names appeared on the ballot paper.

Excluded candidates

On April 14, 2012, the electoral commission announced that it would exclude ten out of 23 candidates from the presidential election, including Chairat al-Shater , Aiman ​​Nur , Omar Suleiman and Hasem Abu Ismail . El-Schater, who was released from prison in March 2011, will not be allowed to vote because a current law states that former inmates cannot run an election for six years after serving their sentence or pardon, even for Nur applies. Suleiman did not receive the support of voters from 15 provinces as required. It had previously received the most approval with 20.1 percent in a representative survey by the independent daily Al-Masry Al-Youm . A law approved by the majority in parliament at the same time , which provides for the exclusion of high representatives of the Mubarak regime from state office for a period of ten years, had not yet been enacted by the military government. Abu Ismail was banned because his mother was a US citizen. According to the law, candidates may only have Egyptian citizenship and must be of Egyptian parents.

All rejected applicants had two days to appeal against the election commission's decision. Suleiman, Abu Ismail and el-Shater appealed; the Egyptian Electoral Commission confirmed its decision on April 17, 2012.

Candidates excluded from the election committee (selection)
Omar Suleiman 070731-D-7203T-010 0WX8I.jpg Ayman Noor.jpg
Omar Suleiman Hazem Salah Abu Ismail Chairat al-Shater Aiman ​​only
General and former head of the Muchabarat secret service . Salafist and ultra-conservative key figure on the Islamist scene, television presenter. Businessman and Vice-Leader of the Muslim Brotherhood , nominated by the Freedom and Justice Party . Founder and chairman of the Liberal Morning Party of the Revolution .

Other excluded candidates were:

The only woman applicant, Bothaina Kamel , did not register.

execution

The candidate Ahmad Schafiq was insulted and pelted with shoes and stones by angry demonstrators when he cast his vote. After he left the polling station, clashes broke out between his supporters and opponents.

Because of the great interest, the polling stations stayed open for an hour longer, until 9:00 p.m.

Election result

candidate Political party 1 round 2nd round
be right proportion of be right proportion of
Mohammed Mursi Freedom and Justice Party 5,764,952 24.78% 13.230.131 51.73%
Ahmad Schafiq More independent 5,505,327 23.66% 12,347,380 48.27%
Hamdin Sabahi Party of dignity 4,820,273 20.72%
Abdel Moneim Abul Futuh Independent (formerly Muslim Brother ) 4,065,239 17.47%
Amr Mussa More independent 2,588,850 11.13%
Mohamed Selim El-Awa More independent 235.374 1.01%
Khaled Ali More independent 134.056 0.58%
Abu El-Izz El-Hariri People's Socialist Alliance ( TAM ) 40,090 0.17%
Hisham Bastawisi Tagammu party 29,189 0.13%
Mahmoud Hossam More independent 23,992 0.10%
Mohammad Fawzi Isa Party of the Democratic Generation 23,889 0.10%
Hossam Khairallah Democratic Peace Party 22,036 0.09%
Abdulla Alashaal al-Asala party 12,249 0.05%
Valid overall votes 23,265,516 98.28% 25,577,511 100%
Invalid / blank notes 406.720 1.72% 843.252 3.19%
voter turnout 23,672,236 46.42% 26,420,763 51%
Abstentions 27.324.510 53.58%
Registered voters 50.996.746

Reactions

After the announcement of the first results, around 2,000 people demonstrated in Tahrir Square on the evening of May 28th against the outcome of the first round of elections because they believed it was unfair and unrepresentative. There were also protests in Alexandria and Suez. Ahmad Schafiq's campaign headquarters in Cairo was arson.

Since a law was passed a few weeks before the first round of the presidential election that prohibited high officials of the Mubarak regime from standing, Schafiq's participation in the elections was long controversial. It was a matter of interpreting parts of the Egyptian constitution to what extent this law could be considered binding. The Egyptian Constitutional Court not only confirmed Schafiq's candidacy on June 14, 2012, but also declared the parliamentary elections of November 2011 and January 2012 to be illegal, as party representatives had run for the parliamentary seats that were actually intended for independent applicants. The verdict triggers violent protests in Egypt; Several Egyptian parties spoke of a " counter-revolution " by the military council that had ruled since the fall of Mubarak and warned of a coup . Schafiq was considered the candidate for president favored by the military council.

literature

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Mursi, Shafiq officially in Egypt's presidential elections runoffs at ahram.org.eg, May 28, 2012 (accessed May 29, 2012).
  2. ^ Result of the runoff election: Morsi is the new President of Egypt . ( Memento from June 26, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) tagesschau.de, June 24, 2012; Retrieved June 24, 2012.
  3. ↑ The whole of Egypt is gathering around the television . NZZonline, May 11, 2012; Retrieved May 13, 2012.
  4. ↑ a b Constitutional Court dissolves Parliament . In: NZZ , June 15, 2012.
  5. ↑ english.ahram.org.eg
  6. ↑ FAZ.net April 26, 2012: Egypt: 13 candidates admitted to the presidential election .
  7. ↑ List of candidates at the election committee ( Memento of May 5, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 15, 2012 (in Arabic)
  8. ↑ a b Presidential election on the Nile: Ten candidates excluded from election in Egypt ( Memento from April 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) at tagesschau.de, April 14, 2012 (accessed on April 14, 2012).
  9. ^ Presidential election in Egypt: Election Commission excludes ten candidates at fr-online.de, April 14, 2012 (accessed on April 14, 2012).
  10. ↑ dpa : Egypt: favorites are not allowed to run . zeit.de, April 18, 2012.
  11. ^ Salafi presidential hopeful wants Shura Council abolished , Egypt Independent. January 26, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2012. 
  12. ↑ Joseph Mayton: Egypt's presidential hopeful Abu Ismail says Islam gives no freedom , Bikya Masr. February 11, 2012. Archived from the original on February 15, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2012. 
  13. ^ Election in Egypt: Ex-Prime Minister Schafik attacked ORF online
  14. ↑ Muslim Brotherhood's Mursi declared Egypt president at bbc.co.uk, June 24, 2012 (accessed June 24, 2012).
  15. ^ Morsi wins Egypt's presidential election , report in Al Jazeera of June 24, 2012; Retrieved June 24, 2012
  16. ↑ Islamist and Mubarak man ahead. In: ORF . May 29, 2012. Retrieved May 29, 2012 .
  17. ^ Voting in Egypt: Riots after the result of the presidential election ( Memento from May 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) ARD Tagesschau online, May 29, 2012
  18. ↑ Egyptian parties accuse the army of "counterrevolution" . In: NZZ , June 15, 2012.
  19. ↑ Military with a human face . Die Welt , June 16, 2012.