Presidium of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Bureau of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (short Presidium of the SFRY ) ( Serbian Predsedništvo SFRY, Председништво СФРЈ ; Croatian Predsjedništvo SFRY ; Slovenian : Predsedstvo SFRY ; Macedonian Председателство на СФРЈ ) was the collective head of state of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia after the death of Josip Broz Tito's May 4, 1980 until the collapse of the republic on April 27, 1992. The venue and formal seat was the Federation Palace (today Palata Srbije ) in Belgrade.
history
The praesidium was established in 1970 in accordance with the then constitution and reorganized in 1974 with the new constitution. From 1970 to 1974 the Presidium had 23 members, three of whom were each from the republics ( Bosnia-Herzegovina , Croatia , Macedonia , Montenegro , Serbia and Slovenia ) and two each from the autonomous regions ( Kosovo and Vojvodina ) and the President (Josip Broz Tito).
In 1974 the praesidium was reduced to nine members, one member each came from the partial republics and the autonomous provinces and, until 1988, the president of the praesidium of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia ex officio .
1980-1991
Until 1980, Tito as president had de facto dictatorial power over the presidium and the country. It was only after his death in May 1980 that a new president was not appointed and the presidium began to work in accordance with the constitution. A new chairman was elected annually, there was an unofficial rotation principle.
1991
The composition of the last presidium from 1989 was shaped by the events surrounding the break-up of Yugoslavia .
- Janez Drnovšek from Slovenia and Bogić Bogićević from Bosnia and Herzegovina were elected to the council by direct elections in the republics.
- The representatives of Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Vojvodina, i.e. half of the praesidium, were Serbs.
- Stipe Šuvar was replaced by Stjepan Mesić by the new Croatian government under Franjo Tuđman .
The rotation principle worked until May 1991, when the Croatian representative in the council, Stjepan Mesić, was to take the chair. Mesić was a member of the government of Franjo Tuđman , who openly called for Croatia's independence, while half of the council members were Serbs and supporters of Slobodan Milošević . Due to the Serbian blockade in the presidium, Mesić was not confirmed and the chairmanship remained vacant until July 1, when Mesić was still elected.
In the late summer of 1991, Mesić and Drnovšek left the praesidium after their republics had proclaimed independence. Bogićević and Vasil Tupurkovski from Macedonia followed, so that the council only consisted of representatives from Serbia (its provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina) and Montenegro. Although the Council ceased to exist in its original form, meetings continued until 1992.
function
According to the Constitution of the SFRY, the Presidium had the following powers:
- Representation of the Federation inside and outside the Republic
- Supreme command of the Yugoslav People's Army in peacetime and in case of war
- Protection of the equality of Yugoslav nationalities
- Protection of the Constitution
- Prime Minister's proposal
- Proposal by the constitutional judge
- Appointment of ambassadors, generals and admirals
- Appointment of the members of the National Security Council and other bodies
- Award of medals and decorations
The chairman of the presidium was considered the de facto head of state of Yugoslavia.
composition
The Presidium has consisted of eight members since 1974, elected by the parliaments of the constituent republics and the autonomous provinces and then confirmed by parliament, the federal assembly .
The ninth member, the President of the Presidium of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia, had an ex officio seat on the Presidium until a constitutional amendment was carried out in autumn 1988.
On certain occasions, the Presidium met with an expanded composition. The President of the Federal Assembly, the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Federal Executive Council, the Defense Minister, the Interior and Foreign Ministers, the Chairman of the Central Committee of the Union of Communists of Yugoslavia and the Chairman of the Presidia of the constituent republics and autonomous regions took part in the meetings .
The extended composition was not provided for in the constitution, and persons invited to the meeting did not have the right to vote in the Presidium.
Members
| Presidency 1974–1979 | ||
| Surname | Period | Representation |
|---|---|---|
| Josip Broz Tito | May 15, 1974 - May 15, 1979 | president |
| Vidoje Žarković | Montenegro | |
| Stevan Doronjski | Vojvodina | |
| Fadil Hoxha | Kosovo | |
| Lazar Koliševski | Macedonia | |
| Cvijetin Mijatović | Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
|
Edvard Kardelj 1 1979 Sergej Kraigher |
Slovenia | |
| Petar Stambolić | Serbia | |
| Vladimir Bakarić | Croatia | |
| Presidency 1979–1984 | ||
| Josip Broz Tito 1 1980 Stevan Doronjski 1980 Lazar Mojsov 1981 Dušan Dragosavac 1982 Mitja Ribičič 1983 Dragoslav Marković |
May 15, 1979 - May 4, 1980 |
President Union of Communists of Yugoslavia |
| Vidoje Žarković | Montenegro | |
| Stevan Doronjski 1 1981 Radovan Vlajković |
Vojvodina | |
| Fadil Hoxha | Kosovo | |
| Lazar Koliševski | May 4, 1980 - May 15, 1980 | Macedonia |
| Cvijetin Mijatović | May 15, 1980 - May 15, 1981 | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Sergei Kraigher | May 15, 1981 - May 15, 1982 | Slovenia |
| Petar Stambolić | May 15, 1982 - May 15, 1983 | Serbia |
| Vladimir Bakarić 1 1983 Mika Špiljak |
May 15, 1983 - May 15, 1984 |
Croatia |
| Presidency 1984–1989 | ||
| Veselin Đuranović | May 15, 1984 - May 15, 1985 | Montenegro |
| Radovan Vlajković | May 15, 1985 - May 15, 1986 | Vojvodina |
| Sinan Hasani | May 15, 1986 - May 15, 1987 | Kosovo |
| Lazar Mojsov | May 15, 1987 - May 15, 1988 | Macedonia |
|
Branko Mikulić 2 1986 Hamdija Pozderac 3 1987 Raif Dizdarević |
May 15, 1988 - May 15, 1989 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Stane Dolanc | Slovenia | |
| Nikola Ljubičić | Serbia | |
| Josip Vrhovec | Croatia | |
|
Ali Shukri 1985 Vidoje Žarković 1986 Milanko Renovica 1987 Boško Krunić 1988 Stipe Šuvar (until November 1988) |
Union of Communists of Yugoslavia | |
| Presidency 1989–1991 | ||
|
Nenad Bućin 7 1991 Branko Kostić |
October 3, 1991 - June 15, 1992 |
Montenegro |
|
Dragutin Zelenović 5 1990 Jugoslav Kostić |
Vojvodina | |
|
Riza Sapunxhiu 6 1991 Sejdo Bajramović |
Kosovo | |
| Vasil Tupurkovski | Macedonia | |
| Bogic Bogicevic | Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Janez Drnovšek | May 15, 1989 - May 15, 1990 | Slovenia |
| Borisav Jović | May 15, 1990 - May 15, 1991 | Serbia |
| Stipe Šuvar 4 1990 Stipe Mesić |
July 1, 1991 - October 3, 1991 |
Croatia |
- Died during the presidency
- Resignation when he became chairman of the Federal Executive Council
- Resignation because of the Agrokomerc scandal
- Recalled by the Croatian Parliament
- Removed from the Serbian Parliament
- Removed from the Serbian Parliament
- Recalled by the Parliament of Montenegro
Individual evidence
- ^ Slobodan Stankovic: Yugoslavia's New State Presidency. (No longer available online.) In: RAD Background Report / 73. Open Society Archives at Central European University, May 9, 1984, archived from the original on August 17, 2011 ; Retrieved July 1, 2009 ( English ). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Устав Социјалистичке Федеративне Републике Југославије (1974). In: PREDSEDNIŠTVO SOCIJALISTIČKE FEDERATIVNE REPUBLIKE JUGOSLAVIJE. Wikisource , accessed July 1, 2009 (Serbian).
- ↑ Устав Социјалистичке Федеративне Републике Југославије (1974). In: AMANDMAN ХLI. Wikisource , accessed July 1, 2009 (Serbian).
